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Mitrovic M, Tomasevic I, Stefanovic S, Djordjevic V, Djekic I. Toxic elements in eggs and egg‐based products: occurrence, exposure assessment and risk characterisation for the Serbian population. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mitrovic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanovic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology Kaćanskog 13 Belgrade 11040 Serbia
| | - Vesna Djordjevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology Kaćanskog 13 Belgrade 11040 Serbia
| | - Ilija Djekic
- Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Belgrade 11080 Serbia
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2
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Yang X, Zhao Z, Wang J, Yang J, E H, Chen B, He P, Tan Y, Zhou C. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Deoxynivalenol in Wheat-Based Products Based Different Wheat-Producing Area for the Inhabitants in Shanghai, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1015. [PMID: 34946997 PMCID: PMC8703861 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the major mycotoxins that contaminate cereals. In this study, we determined the DON level in wheat-based products from Chinese five main production areas collected in Shanghai and calculated the daily intake of DON for inhabitants using the point evaluation and the probabilistic evaluation based on Monte Carlo simulation. The results showed the positive rates of DON in the products were higher than 80.0%, with the concentrations ranging from 41.8 to 1110 µg/kg. The estimated mean daily intakes of DON for 7- to 10-year-old children and adults groups were below 1 µg/kg bw/day, the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), suggesting no health risks for the consumers. However, the 99th percentiles of dietary DON exposures for children and adults exceeded the PMTDI, indicating adverse health effects might occur if the two groups intake highly contaminated wheat-based products. The potential health risks for the two groups exposed to DON in the wheat-based products from the Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley (MLYV) were higher than those from the other areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Yang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
- Shanghai Co-Elite Agro-Food Testing Technical Service Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
| | - Junhua Yang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
| | - Hengchao E
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Pengzhen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157012, China;
| | - Yanglan Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China;
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Z.Z.); (J.W.); (J.Y.); (H.E.)
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Guo P, Lu Q, Hu S, Martínez MA, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. The NO-dependent caspase signaling pathway is a target of deoxynivalenol in growth inhibition in vitro. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112629. [PMID: 34673182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DON is commonly found in foods and feeds; it presents health risks, especially an increase of growth inhibition in humans, particularly infants and young children. However, there are relatively few research studies devoted to the mechanism of DON-mediated growth retardation. Interestingly, our results showed that DON does not cause any significant production of ROS but results in a persistent and significant release of NO with iNOS increasing activity, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes and decreasing ΔΨm. Moreover, the significant decreases in GH production and secretion induced by DON were dose-dependent, accompanied by an increase of caspase 3, 8 and 9, IL-11, IL-lβ and GHRH. NO scavenging agent (haemoglobin) and free radical scavenging agent (N-acetylcysteine) partially reversed mitochondrial damage, and Z-VAD-FMK increased the levels of GH and decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, while haemoglobin decreased the levels of caspase 3, 8 and 9, indicating that NO is the primary target of DON-mediated inhibition. Present research study firstly demonstrated that NO is a key mediator of DON-induced growth inhibition and plays critical roles in the interference of GH transcription and synthesis. The current research is conducive to future research on the molecular mechanisms of DON-induced growth inhibition in humans, especially children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Siyi Hu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain; MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Djekic I, Bozickovic I, Djordjevic V, Smetana S, Terjung N, Ilic J, Doroski A, Tomasevic I. Can we associate environmental footprints with production and consumption using Monte Carlo simulation? Case study with pork meat. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:960-969. [PMID: 32748951 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing population demands more animal protein products. Pork remains one of the traditional and relatively sustainable types of meats for human consumption. In this paper, life-cycle assessment was performed using data from 12 pig farms. In parallel, a survey on the consumption of pork meat products was conducted analyzing responses from 806 pork meat consumers. The study aims to provide a quantitative calculation of six environmental footprints associated with the consumption of pork meat products in Serbia by analyzing data from pig farms and a pork meat consumption survey. RESULTS Results revealed that pork meat production is responsible for the emission of 3.50 kg CO2e kg-1 live weight, 16.1 MJe kg-1 , 0.151 mg R11e kg-1 , 31.257 g SO2e kg-1 , 55.030 g PO4e kg-1 and 3.641 kg 1.4 dBe kg-1 . Further calculations reveal that weekly emissions of various environmental potentials associated with an average consumer of pork meat products in Serbia are estimated at values of 4.032 kg CO2e week-1 , 18.504 MJe week-1 , 0.17435 mg R11e week-1 , 35.972 g SO2e week-1 and 63.466 g PO4e week-1 . CONCLUSIONS Results show that, on the one hand, pork products are responsible for environmental production impacts that mainly occur on farms while, on the other hand, consumption is characterized with high meat inclusion rates. As a leverage strategy it is recommended for producers to concentrate on lowering the production impacts rather than trying to reach consumers for sustainability conciseness. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Djekic
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ivana Bozickovic
- Institute of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Vesna Djordjevic
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sergiy Smetana
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Nino Terjung
- German Institute of Food Technologies, Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Jovan Ilic
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Ana Doroski
- Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Department of Animal Origin Products Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Aflatoxins in Milk and Dairy Products: Occurrence and Exposure Assessment for the Serbian Population. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the exposure associated with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) of the adult population in Serbia from consumption of milk and dairy products. This assessment was performed using concentration values of AFM1 in raw milk (385 samples) and dairy products (556 samples) based on the analyses conducted in the period between 2015 and 2018. In parallel, a dairy products consumption survey was completed during 2018 based on ‘one-day’ and ‘seven-day’ recall methods. In order to estimate the intake of AFM1 from the consumption of dairy products for both recall methods, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted. The study revealed that pasteurized milk and yogurt are dairy products mostly consumed by the Serbian adult population. Estimated daily intake of AFM1 was in the range of 62–74 × 10−3 ng/kg bw/day, depending on the recall methods and scenarios employed. Although the results show moderate exposure risks compared to similar studies worldwide, climatic conditions and weather extremes that have occurred recently may have negatively influenced the contamination of feed and, consequently, AFM1 contamination of milk. As a result, it is justifiable to promote continuous monitoring in feed and dairy supply chains in Serbia and provide an update of exposure assessment.
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Nakavuma JL, Kirabo A, Bogere P, Nabulime MM, Kaaya AN, Gnonlonfin B. Awareness of mycotoxins and occurrence of aflatoxins in poultry feeds and feed ingredients in selected regions of Uganda. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-020-00079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Aflatoxins are a category of mycotoxins produced by certain molds naturally occurring as food and feed contaminants with toxic effects to both animals and humans. In Uganda, previous studies on aflatoxins mainly considered human foods, but scarce information exists for animal feeds. The study aimed at establishing the current status of aflatoxins contamination of poultry feeds, level of awareness and the existing technological challenges and innovations to mycotoxin control in Uganda.
Method
Mycotoxin awareness, predisposing factors and existing strategies for managing mycotoxin contamination were investigated through focus group discussions and questionnaires with selected processors and farmers. Poultry feed and feed ingredient samples were collected and analyzed for total aflatoxins using VICAM Fluorimeter procedure for foods and animal feeds.
Results
Majority of the farmers and processors (> 50%) had limited knowledge about aflatoxins; contamination predisposing factors; dangers to animals and humans; and mitigation strategies. The study further revealed poor feed and feed ingredients handling and storage practices that predispose to mold/aflatoxin contamination. Forty feed samples from feed processing plants had aflatoxins in the range 7.5 ± 0.71 to 393.5 ± 19.09 parts per billion (ppb) with only twelve samples being within the generally acceptable limits of 20 ppb as recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organisation and the United States Federal Department of Agriculture. Additionally, all 27 feed samples obtained from the farmers had aflatoxins in the range of 19.0 ± 1.41 to 188.5 ± 2.12 ppb and were above the acceptable limit. Generally, broiler feeds were the most contaminated with aflatoxins. Of the feed ingredients tested, silver fish (Rastrineobola argentea, locally known as “mukene”) had the least concentration (8.7 ± 3.18 ppb) of aflatoxins while maize bran had the highest level of contamination, 103.3 ± 22.98 ppb.
Conclusion
Given the lack of awareness and the high prevalence of aflatoxin contaminated poultry feeds and feed ingredients in Uganda, a higher risk for carryover of the toxins into the animal products for human consumption exist. Hence, the need for comprehensive establishment of the prevention, control and surveillance strategies for reducing mycotoxins in foods.
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