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Hirtz C, O'Flynn R, Voisin PM, Deville de Périère D, Lehmann S, Guedes S, Amado F, Ferreira R, Trindade F, Vitorino R. The potential impact of salivary peptides in periodontitis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 58:479-492. [PMID: 33849374 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1907298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a complex immune-inflammatory condition characterized by the disruption of the periodontal ligament and subsequent formation of periodontal pockets, and by alveolar bone loss, often resulting in tooth loss. A myriad of factors, namely, genetic, metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory, is associated with progression of periodontitis. Periodontitis is also associated with systemic conditions such as neoplastic disorders, obesity, and diabetes. The current diagnosis of this disease relies on clinical measurements such as clinical attachment loss and probing depth, which have poor precision due to patient, operator and probe-related factors. Thus, there is a need to develop reliable, objective, and reproducible biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis. In this regard, saliva, with contributions from the gingival crevicular fluid, holds great potential. However, most of the information on biomarkers of periodontium-related salivary proteins has come from studies on the molecular pathogenesis of periodontitis. In periodontitis, a more holistic approach, such as the use of -omics technologies, for biomarker discovery, is needed. Herein, we review the biomarkers proposed to date for the assessment of periodontitis, with emphasis on the role of salivary peptides in periodontitis and their assessment by high-throughput saliva proteomics. We also discuss the challenges pertaining to the identification of new periodontitis biomarkers in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin O'Flynn
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sofia Guedes
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- REQUIMTE-QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fábio Trindade
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,UnIC - Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,UnIC - Unidade de Investigação & Desenvolvimento Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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