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Mahmoud HYAH, Tanaka T, Ali AO, Emeish WFA. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis, and Theileria lestoquardi in sheep and goats in Luxor, Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:260. [PMID: 38886742 PMCID: PMC11181633 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne diseases cause economically significant losses to animal production globally, and anaplasmosis and theileriosis are associated with the greatest losses. However, the spread of the relevant pathogens in flocks of domesticated animals in southern Egypt is little understood. Accordingly, in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalences of Anaplasma ovis, Theileria ovis, and Theileria lestoquardi in southern Egyptian sheep and goats through blood tests, and to make a molecular characterization of the A. ovis detected in sheep targeting a specific gene. RESULTS We collected blood samples collected from 300 sheep and goats (n=150 /species) in Luxor Province in southern Egypt, and analyzed them for the presence of A. ovis, T. ovis and T. lestoquardi with screening by conventional and nested PCR targeting the msp4 and msp5, 18S rRNA, and merozoite surface protein genes. For A. ovis 140/300 samples (46.66%) were positive overall, with 90/150 (60%) and 50/150 (33.33%) positive samples in sheep and goats, respectively. Two major surface protein genes of A. ovis, msp4 and msp5, were sequenced using DNA extracted from sheep and goat blood samples, for phylogenetic analysis and genotyping. The msp4 gene sequence revealed no significant genetic diversity, to contrast to data on A. ovis strains from other countries. For T. lestoquardi, 8/150 (5.33%) samples were positive in sheep, but no samples were positive in goats (0%). For T. ovis, 32/150 (21.33%) samples were positive in sheep, but no samples were positive in goats (0%). Sequencing targeting the merozoite surface protein gene for T. lestoquardi and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene for T. ovis revealed no significant genetic diversity in the study, another contrast to data on A. ovis strains from other countries. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable data on phylogenetic and molecular classifications of A. ovis, T. ovis and T. lestoquardi found in southern Egyptian sheep and goats. It also represents the first report on detection and molecular characterization of T. lestoquardi in southern Egyptian sheep based on the specific merozoite surface protein gene, thus providing valuable data for molecular characterization of this pathogen in southern Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Y A H Mahmoud
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Alsagher O Ali
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Animal Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Said MB, Attia KA, Alsubki RA, Mohamed AA, Kimiko I, Selim A. Molecular epidemiological survey, genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Anaplasma ovis infecting sheep in Northern Egypt. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106370. [PMID: 35157843 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplasma ovis is the most common etiologic agent of ovine anaplasmosis, mainly transmitted by ticks. The present study aimed to determine the molecular prevalence of A. ovis in sheep from Egypt and assessed the associated risk factors. The study was conducted, between January and December 2020, in four governorates situated in Northern Egypt. Blood samples from 355 asymptomatic sheep were collected and examined by the use of PCR specific to A. ovis. Diversity analysis and phylogenetic study based on partial msp4 gene sequence were performed on revealed A. ovis DNA. Overall, the molecular prevalence rate of A. ovis was 15.5% and the highest rate was observed in Kafr ElSheikh governorate (16.8%). Statistical analysis revealed that A. ovis infection was significantly related to sheep gender and to tick infestation. The risk factors that were found to be associated with A. ovis infection in exposed sheep were: female sex (OR=2.6, 95%CI: 1.13-6.12), and infestation with ticks (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.11-3.79). The analysis of A. ovis msp4 sequences revealed two different genotypes classified in the Old World sub-cluster with other Egyptian isolates. Investigation on prevalence, risk factors and genetic variability of A. ovis in sheep reported in this study is important for the implementation of control programs. Further studies are needed to determine the vectors and reservoirs of A. ovis in Egyptian small ruminants and to identify the real economic impact of A. ovis infection on the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Ben Said
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology, BiotechPôlet, BP-66, 2020, Sidi Thabet, Ariana Tunis, University of Manouba, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Ariana Tunis, University of Manouba, Tunisia.
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua A Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif A Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Itoh Kimiko
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-2, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
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Selim A, Khater H. Identification and discrimination of Theileria annulata by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Vet World 2022; 15:925-929. [PMID: 35698520 PMCID: PMC9178587 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.925-929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Theileria annulata infection is a tick-borne disease affecting ruminants in the tropical and subtropical regions causing severe economic losses. This study aimed to characterize circulating T. annulata isolates from four governorates (administrative districts) north and south of Egypt using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Materials and Methods: Fifty samples were collected from the four governorates of Egypt and were examined by a PCR assay based on the heat shock protein 70 gene. The amplified product was subsequently digested using two restriction enzymes, Taq I and Alu I, to determine which pattern of T. annulata strains was involved. Results: The findings revealed that one distinct pattern was observed for T. annulata isolates in the northern governorates and another one in the southern governorates. The Taq I enzyme produced three fragments (100, 175, and 270 bp), and the Alu I enzyme produced four fragments (60, 90, 125, and 270 bp). Conclusion: This study determined the presence of two distinct circulating genotypes of T. annulata among cattle in Egypt based on PCR-RFLP using the HSP 70 gene. More studies are needed in different parts of the country to investigate the virulence and strain variance of T. annulata in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Hanem Khater
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt
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Selim A, Abdelhady A, Abdelrahman A. Ovine Paratuberculosis: Seroprevalence and comparison of fecal culture and direct fecal PCR assay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101526. [PMID: 32861473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease is chronic, incurable disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Most studies in Egypt focused on incidence of the disease in cattle but few studies were reported presence of antibodies against MAP in sheep. The present study determined the seroprevalence rate of MAP among sheep in four Governorates and assessed the associated risk factors to MAP-infection. The seroprevalence rate of MAP among sheep was non-significant varied between different Governorates, it was ranged between 3.75%-12.3%. The results revealed that the seroprevalence rate of the disease was significantly increased in diarrheic sheep (11 %, 95 %CI: 7.2-16.2) during spring (15 %, 95 %CI: 8.3-25) and summer (8%, 95 %CI: 4.13-13.8) seasons. Contrary, the age of sheep and contact with other ruminants like cattle or goats had non-significant effect of spreading of MAP-infection among sheep. The detection of MAP in feces of sheep was carried out using culture and PCR to determine the efficiency of both tests. The kappa test revealed good agreement between both tests for detection of MAP. The obtained finding confirms the presence of MAP among sheep in Egypt. So, the appropriate control measures should be taken to reduce spreading of the disease among sheep and reduce its economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhamed Abdelhady
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amir Abdelrahman
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
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Selim A, Radwan A, Arnaout F. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of West Nile Virus in Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 71:101473. [PMID: 32289595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) is a flavivirus, mosquito-borne infection and have public health importance worldwide. WNV infection have highly significant impact on animal and human health. The virus has been detected serologically in Egypt among equids. Therefore, the aim of the present study to investigate the serological situation of WNV among horse in north of Egypt and identification of WNV in vector. The serological survey was conducted on 500 serum samples that collected from horses from four governorates at north of Egypt. The infection rate was non-significant differed between four localities and the highest rate was reported in Qalyubia governorate (25.5 %) in comparison with other areas. Moreover, the WNV RNA was detected in mosquitoes and the obtained WNV sequence showed high similarity with Eg101 strain and characterized as lineage 1. The obtained findings confirm the circulation of WNV in mosquitoes and animals in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Radwan
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Faysal Arnaout
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
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Seroprevalence and risk factors for C. burentii infection in camels in Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 68:101402. [PMID: 31812119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Q fever caused by Coxiella burentii, gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium. The disease has been reported in wide range of animals especially ruminants. The available data about the prevalence of Q fever in camels in Egypt are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii among camels and identify the risk factors associated with infection. A total 315 serum samples were collected from three governorates in Egypt during 2018 and examined by an indirect Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The obtained results were subsequent analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Generally, the seroprevalence of C. burnetii among camels was 22 %. The results revealed that the seroprevalence of C. burnetii increased in aged female camels in comparison with young one and was higher also in female with history of abortion (OR = 4.6, 95%CI: 2.46-8.76). The infection was significantly increased during autumn season (OR = 9.3, 95%CI: 4.23-20.5). Besides, camels in contact with small ruminants showed high level of infection (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 0.65-1.93) or camel with heavy tick infestation (OR = 1.08, 95%CI: 0.60-1.92). Our report confirms that the seroprevalence of C. burnetii among camels in Egypt and appropriate control measures should be taken to reduce the transmission of infection to other animal species or human.
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Selim A, Marawan MA, Ali AF, Manaa E, AbouelGhaut HA. Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle, buffalo, and camel in Egypt. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1207-1210. [PMID: 31686339 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. It causes significant economic losses associated with losses due to slaughter and eradication of infected animal from infected area and other indirect economic losses such as restriction on importation of animals and semen from infected area. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV antibodies in cattle, buffaloes, and camels in Egypt using ELISA test. Serum samples were collected from 350 cattle, 100 buffaloes, and 100 camels during 2018. The seropositivity for BLV-specific antibody was 20.8%, 9%, and 0% in cattle, buffaloes, and camels, respectively. The result revealed significant association (p < 0.05) between age and seroprevalence of BLV infection in cattle > 4 years (24%) compared with those < 4 years (13%). We found no significant association between pregnancy and herd size and seroprevalence of BLV infection in this study (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the age, pregnancy state, and herd size had significant effect on seroprevalence of BLV infection in buffaloes. This study contributes that BLV is detected in cattle and buffaloes in Egypt and confirms that the camels has resistance against BLV infection. Hence, the control measures are very necessary to combat the transmission of the disease and reduce its economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt.
| | - Marawan A Marawan
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Fattah Ali
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Eman Manaa
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Hassab Allah AbouelGhaut
- Animal production, Research institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Selim A, Abdelrahman A, Thiéry R, Sidi-Boumedine K. Molecular typing of Coxiella burnetii from sheep in Egypt. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101353. [PMID: 31605891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, is a globally distributed zoonotic disease. The disease was reported serologically in different animal species and humans in Egypt but the genetic information about circulating Coxiella strains is limited. The present study aimed to genetically characterize Coxiella positive samples, identified in abortive sheep, based on a 17-loci Multiple Locus Variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) panel and Multispacer Sequence Typing (MST). Four MLVA types were found among six examined samples. While all three samples examined by MST were identified as novel sequence type (ST) closely related to human heart valve isolates from France, Saudi Arabia, USA and United Kingdom. This study provides the first genetic information about circulating Coxiella strains in Egypt and improves epidemiological data of Q fever in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Amir Abdelrahman
- Animal Medicine Department (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Richard Thiéry
- Anses, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Animal Q fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Karim Sidi-Boumedine
- Anses, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Animal Q fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France
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Selim A, Attia K, Ramadan E, Hafez YM, Salman A. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of Brucella species in naturally infected cattle and sheep. Prev Vet Med 2019; 171:104756. [PMID: 31520873 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most economically significant infectious diseases in Egypt. The study aimed to assess the seroprevalence by indirect ELISA by examining serum samples from 720 cattle and 320 sheep and detection and characterization of Brucella spp. from 24 clinical samples (placenta) by bacterial culture (BC) and PCR targeting bcsp31 gene. The seroprevalence was 16.7% and 16.25% in cattle and sheep, respectively. There was a significant association (P < 0.05) between the seroprevalence of brucellosis and sex at the level of cattle and age at the sheep level, where seroprevalence was 18.7% in female cattle and 22% in sheep > 2 years. Likewise, seroprevalence was significantly (P < 0.05) different among locations for cattle. Of the 24 clinical samples tested by BC, B. abortus was isolated and identified in 100% of clinical samples. Using PCR, all Brucella strains were positive (100%) regarding bcsp31gene. Nucleotide analyses of seven bcsp31 sequences of the identified strains revealed 99.3-100% identity, with one nucleotide divergence. These results provide an insight into the brucellosis, particularly with the detection of B. abortus from sheep, therefore, further wide epidemiological studies are needed to develop appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, POX 2455-11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Biotechnology Lab., RRTC. Field Crops Research Institute, ARC, Sakha, Kafrelsheikh, 33717, Egypt
| | - Eman Ramadan
- Department of Reproductive Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yaser M Hafez
- EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab., Department of Agric. Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Egypt
| | - Alamery Salman
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, POX 2455-11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Science College, King Saud University, POX 2455-11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Oxidative state markers and clinicopathological findings associated with bovine leukemia virus infection in cattle. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103662. [PMID: 31400442 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to investigate hematological, biochemical and oxidative state parameters in cattle spontaneously infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). A total 500 cattle were examined for BLV infection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eighty (16%) animals were positive for BLV infection. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers revealed significant increases in liver enzymes Alanine Transaminase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALT, AST and ALP) activities, creatinine level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity associated with a significant decrease in calcium level in seropositive cattle in comparison with seronegative cattle. Meanwhile, non-significant changes were reported in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and hematological parameters in seropositive cattle in comparison with seronegative cattle.
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Selim A, Ali AF, Ramadan E. Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Johne's disease in Egyptian cattle. Acta Trop 2019; 195:1-5. [PMID: 31002806 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease is chronic enteric incurable disease in ruminant, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The data about incidence and economic importance of the disease in Egypt are scare. The present study investigated the prevalence of Johne`s disease among cattle in some localities in Egypt. The results revealed that the infection was significantly higher in older animals than young animals (P = <0.05). The prevalence of the disease was higher in Gharbia governorate (19.6%) in comparison with other studied area. To determine the efficiency of diagnostic tests, 138 fecal samples were examined by culture and real-time PCR, the result showed slight agreement between both tests for detection of MAP in feces. Sequence analysis of IS1311 gene for isolated MAP strain from Egypt revealed high identity (98%) with other MAP strains from Germany and Netherland. MAP belongs to a subspecies genetically different from Mycobacterium avium subsp. Hominissuis (MAH) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA), therefore these results are as would be expected. This study confirms the circulation of MAP among cattle in Egypt and highlights the need for more study on the disease in the Middle East.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Fattah Ali
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Eman Ramadan
- Department of Reproductive Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
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Lane HS, Jones JB, McDonald WL. Pooled sample testing for Bonamia ostreae: A tale of two SYBR Green real-time PCR assays. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638717717558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pooled testing of samples is a common laboratory practice to increase efficiency and reduce expenses. We investigated the efficacy of 2 published SYBR Green real-time PCR assays when used to detect the haplosporidian parasite Bonamia ostreae in pooled samples of infected oyster tissue. Each PCR targets a different gene within the B. ostreae genome: the actin 1 gene or the 18S rRNA gene. Tissue homogenates (150 mg) of the New Zealand flat oyster Ostrea chilensis were spiked with ~1.5 × 103 purified B. ostreae cells to create experimental pools of 3, 5, and 10. Ten positive replicates of each pool size were assayed twice with each PCR and at 2 different amounts of DNA template. The PCR targeting the actin 1 gene was unable to reproducibly detect B. ostreae in any pool size. Conversely, the 18S rRNA gene PCR could reproducibly detect B. ostreae in pools of up to 5. Using a general linear model, there was a significant difference in the number of pools that correctly detected B. ostreae between each PCR ( p < 0.01) and each pool size ( p < 0.01). It is likely that the single copy actin 1 gene is more likely to be diluted and not detected by pooling than the multi-copy 18S rRNA gene. Our study highlights that validation data are necessary for pooled sample testing because detection efficacy may not be comparable to individual sample testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry S. Lane
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (Lane)
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Animal Health Laboratory, Investigation and Diagnostic Centre, Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Lane, Jones, McDonald)
| | - J. Brian Jones
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (Lane)
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Animal Health Laboratory, Investigation and Diagnostic Centre, Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Lane, Jones, McDonald)
| | - Wendy L. McDonald
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand (Lane)
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Animal Health Laboratory, Investigation and Diagnostic Centre, Wallaceville, Upper Hutt, New Zealand (Lane, Jones, McDonald)
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Alajmi A, Klein G, Grabowski NT, Fohler S, Akineden Ö, Abdulmawjood A. Evaluation of a Commercial Real-Time PCR Kit for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Milk. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:668-675. [PMID: 27502065 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There are several commercial test kits for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) detection, each with different advantages, disadvantages, and applications. In the present study, a real-time PCR kit targeting the unique transposon sequence ISMAP02 was evaluated. The analytical sensitivity was determined using the type strain ATCC 19698, and the specificity was validated by testing fifteen MAP isolates, thirteen non-MAP Mycobacterium isolates, and eight non-Mycobacterium isolates. Six spiking experiments were performed using raw milk and reconstituted infant milk artificially contaminated with dilutions containing 10(0)-10(5) MAP cells mL(-1). Sensitivity and specificity were at 100 %. The detection probabilities in raw milk and reconstituted infant milk for the samples (containing 1.4 × 10(1) and 1.7 × 10(1) MAP cell 50 mL(-1)) were 16.6 and 91.6 %, respectively. Thus, the tested kit yielded satisfying results to detect MAP in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alajmi
- Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs & Fish Resources (PAAF), P.O. Box 21422, 13075, Safat, Kuwait
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Klein
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Th Grabowski
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svenja Fohler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ömer Akineden
- Dairy Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amir Abdulmawjood
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
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