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Hamed AA, Abd-Elaziz AM, Ghanem MME, ElAwady ME, Abdel-Aziz MS. Production of laccase enzyme from Curvularia lunata MY3: purification and characterization. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:221-234. [PMID: 37691075 PMCID: PMC10876717 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Laccase-producing fungus (MY3) was successfully isolated from soil samples collected from Mansoura Governorate, Egypt. This fungal isolate has shown a high laccase production level over other isolated fungi. The identity of this isolate was determined by the molecular technique 18SrRNA as Curvularia lunata MY3. The enzyme purification was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephacryl S-200 and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The denatured enzyme using SDS-PAGE had a molar mass of 65 kDa. The purified laccase had an optimum temperature at 40 °C for enzyme activity with 57.3 kJ/mol activation energy for 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) oxidation. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 5.0, and it has shown a high stability at the acidic range (4.5 to 5.5). Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions enhanced the enzyme activity, while most of the enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+. Some compounds such as 2-mercaptoethanol, L-cysteine, and sodium azide at a concentration of 10 mmol/L had shown a high suppression effect on the enzyme activity. The enzyme strongly oxidized ABTS and syringaldazine and moderately oxidized DMP and guaiacol. The antimicrobial activity of the purified enzyme towards three pathogenic strains (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Staphylococcus aureus NRRLB-767, and Candida albicans ATCC-10231) was evaluated for the potential use as an antimicrobial therapeutic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Hamed
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33-El Bohouthst, P.O.12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd-Elaziz
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Center, 33-El Bohouthst, P.O.12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal M E Ghanem
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Center, 33-El Bohouthst, P.O.12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E ElAwady
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, 33-El Bohouthst, P.O.12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Center, 33-El Bohouthst, P.O.12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Khan SI, Sahinkaya M, Colak DN, Zada NS, Uzuner U, Belduz AO, Çanakçi S, Khan AZ, Khan S, Badshah M, Shah AA. Production and characterization of novel thermostable CotA-laccase from Bacillus altitudinis SL7 and its application for lignin degradation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2024; 172:110329. [PMID: 37804741 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidases and found in ligninolytic bacteria catalyzing the oxidation of both phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, however its application in lignin degradation suffers due to low oxidation rate, which have intensified the search for new laccases. In the present study, spore coat A protein (CotA) encoding gene having laccase like activity from Bacillus altitudinis SL7 (CotA-SL7) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified CotA-SL7 was active at wide range of temperature and pH with optimum activity at 55 °C and pH 5.0. The kinetic parameters of CotA-SL7 was determined with Km, Vmax, and kcat values 0.4 mM, 2777 μmol/min/mg, and 5194 s-1, respectively. Molecular docking revealed the presence of Pro, Phe, Asp, Asn, His, and Ile residues at the active site taking part in the oxidation of ABTS. The purified CotA-SL7 reduced lignin contents by 31 % and changes in lignin structure were analyzed through fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microsscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS). The appearance of low molecular size compounds clearly indicates the cleavage of lignin polymer and opening of the benzene ring by purified CotA-SL7. Thus, high catalytic efficiency of CotA-SL7 makes it a suitable bio-catalyst for remediation of lignin contaminated wastewater from pulp and paper industries with clear insights into lignin degradation at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Islam Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Miray Sahinkaya
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Dilsat Nigar Colak
- Giresun University, Dereli Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Numan Saleh Zada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Ugur Uzuner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Ali Osman Belduz
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Sabriye Çanakçi
- Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Alam Zeb Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Malik Badshah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Edoamodu CE, Nwodo UU. Optimisation and physicochemical characterisation of a thermo-alkali stable laccase produced by wastewater associated Bacillus sp. NU2. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37641161 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2253503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Laccase is a multicopper enzyme that plays a unique role in bioremediation of environmental pollutants. Bacteria were isolated from hospital wastewater and screened for laccase production. The laccase production process condition was optimised, and the laccase obtained was characterised. The 16S rRNA molecular analysis conducted on the best laccase producer revealed a Bacillus sp. NU2 identified. The process conditions: pH5, 45°C, 100 rpm, 5% inoculum, and growth constituents viz: tangerine peel and wheat bran agro-wastes, beef extract, ammonium persulfate, glucose, galactose, xylose, sorbitol, fructose carbon sources; and 4-aminophenol inducer optimally stimulated laccase production. The Bacillus sp. NU2 laccase was optimal at pH and temperature conditions of 8.0°C and 60°C, with a noteworthy pH and thermal stability observed. Furthermore, NU2 laccase showed a moderate/high tolerance and relative activity effect on various chemical inhibitors, halides and surfactant of triton x-100 (105 ± 0.92%), PMSF (107 ± 0.81%), and NaCl (94 ± 0.81%) at 1, 3, and 6 (mM) concentration. Additionally, NU2 laccase maintained a relative activity of 101%, 104%, and 102% for Mg2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+ at 1, 3, and 6 mM respectively. Acetone and propanol significantly upregulated laccase activity at 114 ± 0.0008% and 118.24 ± 0.35 and also at 30 and 20 (%) concentrations. Conclusively, the tolerant effect of Bacillus sp. NU2 laccase in pH, temperature, inhibitors and organic solvents suggests its potential for biotechnological application and promotion of a greener environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiedu E Edoamodu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Sondhi S, Kaur R, Madan J. Purification and characterization of a novel white highly thermo stable laccase from a novel Bacillus sp. MSK-01 having potential to be used as anticancer agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 170:232-238. [PMID: 33340630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are multicoopper oxidases catalyzing the oxidation of phenolic as well as non-phenolic compounds. Laccases show typical blue color due to the presence of covalent Type 1 Cu-Cys bond which absorbs at 600 nm. However, recently some white laccases have also been identified which lacks typical spectra of blue laccases and do not show peak at 600 nm. In the present study, a novel white laccase was isolated from Bacillus sp. MSK-01. MSK laccase was purified and characterized in detail and the purified laccase was referred to MSKLAC. It has a molecular weight of 32 KDa. UV-visible spectrum of purified MSKLAC do not show characteristic peak at 600 nm and bend at 330 nm. The enzyme was repressed by conventional inhibitors of laccase like sodium azide, cysteine, dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol. The laccase was highly thermo-stable enzyme having optimum temperature of 75 °C and could treasure more than 50% activity even at 100 °C. The optimum pH for ABTS and guaiacol was 4.5 and 8.0 respectively. MSKLAC was stable in the presence of most of the metal ions and surfactants. The effect of MSKLAC on lung cancer cell line was also assessed. It was observed that MSKLAC is inhibitory to lung cell cancer line. Thus, MSKLAC has potential to be used as an anti-proliferative agent to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonica Sondhi
- Chandigarh College of Technology, CGC Landran, Mohali 140307, India.
| | - Randhir Kaur
- Chandigarh College of Technology, CGC Landran, Mohali 140307, India
| | - Jitendra Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Jeon SJ, Park JH. Refolding, characterization, and dye decolorization ability of a highly thermostable laccase from Geobacillus sp. JS12. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 173:105646. [PMID: 32315700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A putative laccase gene (lacG) from Geobacillus sp. JS12 was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein with six histidine residues in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells, and the protein was primarily found in inclusion bodies. The resulting insoluble proteins were solubilized with 6 M guanidine HCl and refolded using an on-column refolding procedure. Ni-chelation affinity chromatography found the laccase to be a 30 kDa monomeric protein. Spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated LacG as a multi-copper oxidase, with the usual laccase copper sites, Type 1, 2, and 3 Cu(II). The optimum pH for enzymatic activity was 3.0, 6.0, and 6.5 with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) as the substrate, respectively. The recombinant protein displayed high thermostability, with a heat inactivation half-life of approximately 2 h at 95 °C, and an optimum temperature of 80 °C with 2,6-DMP. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) showed that guaiacol and 2,6-DMP were highly oxidized by the enzyme. The enzymatic reaction was significantly enhanced by Co2+ and Mn2+, while activity was strongly inhibited in the presence of Fe2+, Zn2+, and thiol compounds. LacG decolorized 43% of Congo red and 14% of Malachite green, and the addition of ABTS as a redox mediator dramatically increased the dye decolorization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jong Jeon
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea; Department of Smart-Biohealth, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hun Park
- Biomedical Engineering & Biotechnology Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47340, Republic of Korea
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Ghosh P, Ghosh U. Immobilization of Purified Fungal Laccase on Cost Effective Green Coconut Fiber and Study of its Physical and Kinetic Characteristics in Both Free and Immobilized Form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2211550108666190201151816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Laccases are important enzymes that have numerous applications in different
biotechnological sectors.
Objective:
The aim was to purify laccase from Aspergillus flavus PUF5, successfully immobilize it on
coconut fiber and characterize different physical and kinetic properties under both free and immobilize
conditions.
Methods:
Laccase from A. flavus PUF5 was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed
by DEAE column chromatography and gel filtration using Sephadex G100. The molecular weight was
determined through SDS-PAGE (12%). It was immobilized on pretreated coconut fiber through crosslinking
by glutaraldehyde (4% v/v). Physical and kinetic parameters like optimum temperature, pH,
thermostability, the effect of additives, activation energy, Km and Vmax for free and immobilized laccase
were also analyzed. Recycling stability of the immobilized laccase was further determined.
Results:
The extracellular laccase (65 kDa) was purified up to homogeneity and was immobilized on
acid-pretreated coconut fiber by 4% (v/v) glutaraldehyde solution at 30°C, pH 5.0. Activation energy
(Ea) of free and immobilized laccase for oxidation of guaiacol was found to be 24.69 and 32.76 kJ mol-1
respectively. Immobilized laccase showed higher melting temperature (Tm) of (82.5°C) than free enzyme
(73°C). Km and Vmax for free and immobilized laccase were found to be 0.67 mM, 0.70 mM
and 280 U/mg, 336 U/mg respectively when guaiacol was used as substrate. Additionally, in immobilized
condition laccase retained ˃80% of its initial activity after use till six repeated cycles.
Conclusion:
The purified laccase enzyme and the cheap immobilization seem to be a prospective process
for different biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ghosh
- Department of Food Technology & Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uma Ghosh
- Department of Food Technology & Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India
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Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of poxa1b gene from Pleurotus ostreatus. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:981-990. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Martani F, Beltrametti F, Porro D, Branduardi P, Lotti M. The importance of fermentative conditions for the biotechnological production of lignin modifying enzymes from white-rot fungi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3888816. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Sondhi S, Sharma P, Saini S, Puri N, Gupta N. Purification and characterization of an extracellular, thermo-alkali-stable, metal tolerant laccase from Bacillus tequilensis SN4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96951. [PMID: 24871763 PMCID: PMC4037180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel extracellular thermo-alkali-stable laccase from Bacillus tequilensis SN4 (SN4LAC) was purified to homogeneity. The laccase was a monomeric protein of molecular weight 32 KDa. UV-visible spectrum and peptide mass fingerprinting results showed that SN4LAC is a multicopper oxidase. Laccase was active in broad range of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. Catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) showed that 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol was most efficiently oxidized by the enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by conventional inhibitors of laccase like sodium azide, cysteine, dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol. SN4LAC was found to be highly thermostable, having temperature optimum at 85°C and could retain more than 80% activity at 70°C for 24 h. The optimum pH of activity for 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, 2, 2'-azino bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate], syringaldazine and guaiacol was 8.0, 5.5, 6.5 and 8.0 respectively. Enzyme was alkali-stable as it retained more than 75% activity at pH 9.0 for 24 h. Activity of the enzyme was significantly enhanced by Cu2+, Co2+, SDS and CTAB, while it was stable in the presence of halides, most of the other metal ions and surfactants. The extracellular nature and stability of SN4LAC in extreme conditions such as high temperature, pH, heavy metals, halides and detergents makes it a highly suitable candidate for biotechnological and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonica Sondhi
- Department of Microbiology, BMS Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, BMS Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shilpa Saini
- Department of Microbiology, BMS Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Puri
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, BMS Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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