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Ansari S, Ahmadi B, Norouzi M, Ansari Z, Afsarian MH, Lotfali E, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A. Epidermophyton floccosum: nucleotide sequence analysis and antifungal susceptibility testing of 40 clinical isolates. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1655-1663. [PMID: 31573466 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Epidermophyton floccosum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte species, which is one of the common causative agents of dermatophytosis in different parts of the world. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the genetic diversity of E. floccosum strains isolated from different parts of Iran and to define the in vitro susceptibility profiles of seven antifungal drugs against these clinical isolates.Methodology. Forty clinical strains of E. floccosum isolated from 40 patients with dermatophytosis were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR amplification of the ITS rDNA region using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The in vitro activities of griseofulvin, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, ketoconazole and terbinafine were determined using a broth microdilution method according to the CLSI-M-38A2 protocol.Results. A mean genetic similarity of 99.5 % was found between E. floccosum strains, with intraspecies differences ranging from 0 to 3 nt. The geometric mean (GM) MICs and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) across all isolates were, in increasing order, as follows: terbinafine (GM=0.018 mg l-1), posaconazole (GM=0.022 mg l-1), itraconazole (GM=0.034 mg l-1) and voriconazole (GM=0.045 mg l-1), which had low MICs against all tested strains, whereas caspofungin (GM=0.22 mg l-1), ketoconazole (GM=0.41 mg l-1) and griseofulvin (GM=0.62 mg l-1) demonstrated higher MICs.Conclusion. Our study showed low intraspecies variation within strains of E. floccosum. Furthermore, terbinafine, posaconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole were shown to be the most potent antifungal drugs against E. floccosum strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saham Ansari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Norouzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Afsarian
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ensieh Lotfali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in Kerman province, southeast of Iran: A 10-years retrospective study (2004-2014). Microb Pathog 2017; 110:561-567. [PMID: 28757272 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superficial and cutaneous fungal infections (SCFIs) are an important public health problem and are common in tropical and subtropical countries. Pityriasis versicolor, dermatophytosis, erythrasma, onychomycosis, and otomycosis are the major diseases associated with SCFIs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and causative agents of dermatomycoses over a period of 10 years in Kerman province, southeast of Iran. METHODS A number of 1782 subjects, including 1096 females and 686 males, with cutaneous disorders in their skin, nail, and hair suspected to have SCFIs participated in this study. The collected specimens were examined using direct microscopy examination, staining, culture on specific media and PCR-RFLP technique. RESULTS In total, 617 (34.62%) subjects had SCFIs, of whom 290 (47%) were female and 327 (53%) were male. Identified SCFIs included yeast infections, dermatophytosis, saprophyte onychomycosis, erythrasma, and otomycosis due to non-dermatophytic molds (NDMs). The highest prevalence of dermatomycoses was found among the 41-50-year and 31-40-year age groups. Tinea unguium was the most common clinical pattern of dermatomycoses, and T. mentagrophytes was the predominant agent. Also, Aspergillus spp. were the most common NDMs agents of onychomycosis and otomycosis. CONCLUSIONS This study summarized the epidemiological trends and etiologic agents of SCFIs in a 10-year period in Kerman, southeast of Iran. Consideration of the current epidemiologic trends in the prevalence and knowledge of the exact causative agents of SCFIs may play an important key role towards further investigations, diagnosis, and modification of current treatments.
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Didehdar M, Shokohi T, Khansarinejad B, Ali Asghar Sefidgar S, Abastabar M, Haghani I, Amirrajab N, Mondanizadeh M. Characterization of clinically important dermatophytes in North of Iran using PCR-RFLP on ITS region. J Mycol Med 2016; 26:345-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ansari S, Hedayati MT, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Badali H, Rafiei A, Ravandeh M, Seyedmousavi S. Molecular Characterization and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of 316 Clinical Isolates of Dermatophytes in Iran. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:89-95. [PMID: 26369643 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a common mycotic infection of the skin, nail, and hair, associated with major public health concern worldwide. Various species of dermatophytes show significant differences in susceptibility to antifungals. Here, we present the antifungal susceptibility of a large collection of molecularly identified dermatophyte isolates obtained from tropical region of south of Iran. A total of 9485 patients clinically suspected to have cutaneous fungal infections were examined. Dermatophytosis was confirmed in 1502 cases by direct microscopy and culture. Three hundred and sixteen isolates recovered in culture were identified to species level using PCR sequencing of ITS region and RFLP. Tinea corporis was the most prevalent type of clinical manifestation (35.2 %), followed by tinea cruris (17 %), tinea capitis (12.8 %), tinea pedis (11.3 %), tinea manuum (11 %), tinea unguium (6.9 %), and tinea barbae (5.8 %). Trichophyton interdigitale was the most common isolate (49.36 %), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (18.98 %), Epidermophyton floccosum (13.29 %), Microsporum canis (9.17 %), Arthroderma benhamiae (T. anamorph of A. benhamiae; 5.38 %), and Trichophyton tonsurans (3.79 %). Overall, irrespective of the geographical region, terbinafine was the most potent antifungal against all isolates, with an MIC range of 0.002-0.25 μg/mL, followed by itraconazole (0.004-0.5 μg/mL), griseofulvin (0.125-8 μg/mL), and fluconazole (4-128 μg/mL). Analysis of our data revealed a significant increase in the frequency of A.benhamiae, which definitely warrants further investigation to explore source of this infection in south of Iran. Moreover, terbinafine was the most effective antifungal against all isolates, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saham Ansari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran. .,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology/Infectious and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ravandeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18 Khazarabad Road, P.O. Box 48175-1665, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Erasmus, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Chah KF, Majiagbe KA, Kazeem HM, Ezeanyika O, Agbo IC. Dermatophytes from skin lesions of domestic animals in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Vet Dermatol 2012; 23:522-e104. [PMID: 22913664 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are well-recognized cutaneous fungi with public health implications. In Nigeria, several studies have been carried out on dermatophytosis in humans; however, data on dermatophytes in animals are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to determine the occurrence and species of dermatophytes in skin lesions in domestic animals in Nsukka Agricultural Zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. ANIMALS Forty-six domestic animals (dogs, goats, sheep and pigs) presented for sale in the local markets in the study area and with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis were used for the study. METHODS Plucked hairs and epidermal scales from the skin lesions of affected animals were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar slants containing 0.05 mg/mL of chloramphenicol and 0.5 mg/mL of cycloheximide. Inoculated slants were incubated at room temperature (27°C) for up to 4 weeks and examined at 2-3 day intervals for fungal growth. Laboratory identification of the fungal isolates was based on their colonial, microscopic and biochemical characteristics. RESULTS Of the 46 animals with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis, six (13.0%) were positive for a dermatophyte, and the following dermatophytes were identified: Microsporum gypseum, two of 12 sheep; Microsporum audouinii, one of 16 dogs; Trichophyton mentagrophytes, one of 16 dogs and one of 12 sheep; and Trichophyton schoenleinii, one of 13 goats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Anthropophilic dermatophytes are among the fungal agents associated with dermatophytosis in animals in Nsukka Agricultural Zone. These dermatophytes could constitute health risks to humans in contact with the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy F Chah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
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