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Rizki Budiman M, Lina Wiraswati H, Rezano A. Purple Sweet Potato Phytochemicals: Potential Chemo-preventive and Anticancer Activities. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Purple sweet potato (PSP; Ipomoea batatas (L.) lam.) is a perennial plant from the morning glory family Convolvulaceae. This plant contains many functional compounds and a high concentration of anthocyanins and phenols, in contrast to other sweet potato plants of different colors. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that parts of PSP have interesting functions in the setting of cancer.
AIM: This article is a collective review of the potential properties of PSP in cancer, with an emphasis on its effects in breast, bladder, colorectal, liver, gastric, and cervical cancers.METHODS: Major English research databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, were searched for studies evaluating the activity of PSP against cancer published ended in Mei 2020.
RESULTS: The search yielded 72 articles relevant to this topic. Of note, PSP phytochemicals such anthocyanins and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives act as an antioxidant that scavenges free radicals and regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, acts as an antimutagenic agent, and has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the NF-κB pathway as a Chemo-preventive mechanism. Furthermore, PSP can promote apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibit proliferation, cell growth inhibition, and inhibit cancer progression that actions collectively sum as anticancer activity in many cancer cells. The primary target-signaling pathway that is interfered by PSP is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway, which is a very common mutated pathway in cancer cells that regulates many physiologic processes inside the cells.
CONCLUSION: As a promising medicinal plant that may serve as a Chemo-preventive and anticancer agent, further research on PSP is required to determine its clinical uses and potential as a food supplement.
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Torres A, Basurto F, Navarro-Ocana A. Quantitative Analysis of the Biologically Active Compounds Present in Leaves of Mexican Sweet Potato Accessions: Phenols, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, 3,4,5-Tri-Caffeoylquinic Acid and 4-Feruloyl-5-Caffeoylquinic Acid. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:531-537. [PMID: 31713022 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato is one of the oldest crops cultivated in Mexico, and Mesoamerica is considered as a region with the greatest diversity of this species. Therefore, the present study focused on the evaluation of biologically active compounds, such as caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoid compounds, in sweet potato leaves of 200 accessions of the main producing regions of Mexico. The analysis of total phenol content (TPC) showed a great variability of concentrations among the examined accessions (54.41 to 284.64 mgTPC/g DW). Likewise, total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined and ranged from 10.01 to 40.17 mgTFC /g DW. Finally, total anthocyanin content (TAC) was evaluated and concentrations obtained varied from 0.05 to 0.98 mgTAC/g DW. Additionally, HPLC analysis of all 200 accessions demonstrated the presence of caffeic acid (CA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), three isomers of di-caffeoylquinic acid (di-CCA) and 4-feruloyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid (4F-5CQA) in all test samples. Only 21 accessions tested showed the quantitative amount of 3,4,5-tri-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-tri-CQA) with concentrations ranging from 44.73 to 193.22 mg/100 g DW and high content of 4F-5CQA (139.46 to 419.99 mg/100 g DW). The gathered data indicate that leaves of Mexican sweet potatoes are a promising source of phenolic compounds with remarkable nutraceutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Torres
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, C.P., 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Basurto
- Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, C.P., 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Navarro-Ocana
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, UNAM, C.P., 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Su X, Griffin J, Xu J, Ouyang P, Zhao Z, Wang W. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato leaves. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01964. [PMID: 31338456 PMCID: PMC6626274 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As phytochemical-enriched edible greens, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves have become popular. However, the profile and content of phytochemicals in sweet potato leaves are mostly unknown. We previously bred a purple-fleshed sweet potato P40 that demonstrated cancer prevention due to high levels of anthocyanins in the tuberous roots. The objectives of this study were to identify and quantify anthocyanins in P40 leaves when compared with the white-fleshed Bonita and orange-fleshed Beauregard. The mature leaves of P40 at 6-week vine stage were collected and extracted for anthocyanin analysis by HPLC-MS/MS. Fourteen anthocyanins, including a novel anthocyanin (peonidin 3-caffeoyl-p-coumaryl sophoroside-5-glucoside), were identified and quantitated. The contents of anthocyanins in P40 leaves (32.7 ± 2.9 mg/kg DW) were much lower than that in the root (13,100 ± 70 mg/kg DW). Furthermore, anthocyanin contents in P40 leaves were even lesser than those of the orange-fleshed Beauregard (334 ± 60.9 mg/kg DW) and white-fleshed Bonita (563 ± 50.4 mg/kg DW). Total phenolic contents as measured by Folin-Ciocalteu were 36.8 ± 4.8 mg GAE/g DW in the leaves of P40, but 41.2 ± 5.0 mg GAE/g DW in Beauregard and 46.7 ± 2.1 mg GAE/g DW in Bonita. No anthocyanin was detectable in the stem of these three sweet potato varieties. Taken together, this study reports for the first time the profile and content of anthocyanins in the leaves of three sweet potato varieties with a new anthocyanin identified. The unexpected lower levels of anthocyanins in the purple-fleshed sweet potato leaves when compared with either the counterpart tuberous roots or the control white-fleshed and orange-fleshed sweet potato varieties advanced our existing knowledge and also validated a diverse phenotype of anthocyanin biosynthesis between sweet potato leaves and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jason Griffin
- Department of Horticulture & Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jingwen Xu
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Food Nutrition Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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Diets containing traditional and novel green leafy vegetables improve liver fatty acid profiles of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:168. [PMID: 24192144 PMCID: PMC4228256 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of green leafy vegetables (GLVs) has been demonstrated to reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular and other diseases. However, no literature exists that examines the influence of traditional and novel GLVs on the liver fatty acid profile of an animal model genetically predisposed to developing hypertension. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of diets containing 4% collard greens, purslane or sweet potato greens on the liver fatty acid profiles of four-week old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs, N = 44). Following four weeks consumption of the diets, liver fatty acid profiles were determined by gas-liquid chromatography of transesterified fatty acid methyl esters. RESULTS SHRs consuming the control diet had greater percentages of liver saturated fatty acid and less omega-3 fatty acid percentages. SHRs consuming the diets containing vegetables had significantly greater liver concentrations of γ- linolenic, docosahexaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, as well as lower levels of lauric, palmitic and arachidonic acids. SHRs consuming the control diet had significantly greater percentages (p < 0.05) of oleic; significantly less γ-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability of GLVs to modulate liver fatty acid composition, thus providing protection against elevations in atherogenic fatty acids, which may be involved in CVD pathogenesis. Consequently, dietary recommendations for the prevention of CVD should consider the possible cardioprotective benefits and the subsequent alterations in fatty acid profiles afforded by diets containing collard greens, purslane and sweet potato greens.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. It is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato in glycaemic control. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus. SEARCH METHODS We searched several electronic databases, including The Cochrane Library (2013, Issue 1), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SIGLE and LILACS (all up to February 2013), combined with handsearches. No language restrictions were used. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared sweet potato with a placebo or a comparator intervention, with or without pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected the trials and extracted the data. We evaluated risk of bias by assessing randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other potential sources of bias. MAIN RESULTS Three RCTs met our inclusion criteria: these investigated a total of 140 participants and ranged from six weeks to five months in duration. All three studies were performed by the same trialist. Overall, the risk of bias of these trials was unclear or high. All RCTs compared the effect of sweet potato preparations with placebo on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was a statistically significant improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at three to five months with 4 g/day sweet potato preparation compared to placebo (mean difference -0.3% (95% confidence interval -0.6 to -0.04); P = 0.02; 122 participants; 2 trials). No serious adverse effects were reported. Diabetic complications and morbidity, death from any cause, health-related quality of life, well-being, functional outcomes and costs were not investigated. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence about the use of sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition to improvement in trial methodology, issues of standardization and quality control of preparations - including other varieties of sweet potato - need to be addressed. Further observational trials and RCTs evaluating the effects of sweet potato are needed to guide any recommendations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheow Peng Ooi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaEndocrine Unit, Department of MedicineSerdangSelangor DEMalaysia43400
| | - Seng Cheong Loke
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaInstitute of GerontologySerdangSelangor DEMalaysia43400
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Kwak CS, Lee KJ, Chang JH, Park JH, Cho JH, Park JH, Kim KM, Lee MS. In vitro Antioxidant, Anti-allergic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Korean Sweet Potato Leaves and Stalks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Islam S, Izekor E, Garner JO. Lipid and Fatty Acid Compositions of Chilling Tolerant Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2012.252.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. It is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato in glycaemic control. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus. SEARCH METHODS We searched several electronic databases, among these The Cochrane Library (issue 7, 2011), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SIGLE and LILACS (all up to July 2011), combined with handsearches. No language restriction was used. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials that compared sweet potato with a placebo or a control intervention with or without pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected the trials and extracted the data. We evaluated risk of bias using the items randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting and other potential sources of bias. MAIN RESULTS Three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) met our inclusion criteria: these investigated a total of 140 participants and ranged from six weeks to five months duration. The studies were contributed by the same author. Overall, the risk of bias of these trials was unclear or high. All RCTs compared the effect of sweet potato preparations with placebo on the glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. There was a statistically significant improvement in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at three to five months with 4 g/day sweet potato preparations compared to placebo (mean difference (MD) -0.3% (95% CI -0.6 to -0.04), P = 0.02; 122 participants, two trials). No serious adverse effects were reported. Diabetic complications and morbidity, death from any cause, health-related quality of life, well-being, functional outcomes and costs were not investigated. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to recommend sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Improvement in trial methodology as well as addressing the issues of standardization and the quality control of preparations of other varieties of sweet potato are required. For medical nutritional therapy, further observational trials and RCTs evaluating the effects of sweet potato are needed to guide any recommendations in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheow Peng Ooi
- Department ofMedicine, Universiti PutraMalaysia, Serdang,Malaysia.
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Everette JD, Islam S. Effect of Extraction Procedures, Genotypes and Screening Methods to Measure the Antioxidant Potential and Phenolic Content of Orange-fleshed Sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.50.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Taha F, Mohamed G, Mohamed S, Mohamed S, Kamil M. Optimization of the Extraction of Total Phenolic Compounds from Sunflower Meal and Evaluation of the Bioactivities of Chosen Extracts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2011.1002.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Islam S, Izekor E, Garner J. Effect of Chilling Stress on the Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Peroxidase Activity and Other Physiological Activities in Ipomoea batatas L. Genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2011.72.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Johnson M, Pace RD. Sweet potato leaves: properties and synergistic interactions that promote health and prevent disease. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:604-15. [PMID: 20883418 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves provide a dietary source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, dietary fiber, and essential fatty acids. Bioactive compounds contained in this vegetable play a role in health promotion by improving immune function, reducing oxidative stress and free radical damage, reducing cardiovascular disease risk, and suppressing cancer cell growth. Currently, sweet potato leaves are consumed primarily in the islands of the Pacific Ocean and in Asian and African countries; limited consumption occurs in the United States. This comprehensive review assesses research examining the nutritional characteristics and bioactive compounds within sweet potato leaves that contribute to health promotion and chronic disease prevention. Research has affirmed the potential cardioprotective and chemopreventive advantages of consuming sweet potato leaves, thus indicating that increased consumption of this vegetable should be advocated. Since reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases is of public health concern, promoting the consumption of sweet potato leaves warrants further and more intensive research investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Johnson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama 36088, USA
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