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Oztopuz O, Coskun O, Buyuk B. Alterations in aquaporin gene expression level on cyclophosphamide-induced cardiac injury and possible protective role of Ganoderma lucidum. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Muthukrishnan P, Prakash P, Jeyaprabha B, Shankar K. Stigmasterol extracted from Ficus hispida leaves as a green inhibitor for the mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Zhang J, Zhu WF, Xu J, Kitdamrongtham W, Manosroi A, Manosroi J, Tokuda H, Abe M, Akihisa T, Feng F. Potential cancer chemopreventive and anticancer constituents from the fruits of Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 214:37-46. [PMID: 29197545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ficus hispida L.f. (Moraceae) has been used as alternative for traditional medicine in the treatment of various ailments including cancer-cure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cancer chemopreventive and anticancer activities of crude extracts of F. hispida, with the objective to screen the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen, and cytotoxic active components, and provide foundation for potential applications of this promising medical plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of F. hispida fruits, and their structure elucidation was performed on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, and cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines (HL60, A549, SKBR3, KB, Hela, HT29, and HepG2) and a normal cell (LO2) using MTT method. For the compound with potent cytotoxic activity, its apoptosis inducing activity was evaluated by the observation of ROS generation level expression, and membrane phospholipid exposure and DNA fragmentation in flow cytometry. The mechanisms of the apoptosis induction were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS Nineteen compounds, 1-19, including two new isoflavones, 3'-formyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (2) and 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-3'- (3-methyl-2-hydroxybuten-3-yl)isoflavone (3), were isolated from the MeOH extract of F. hispida fruits. Five compounds, isowigtheone hydrate (1), 2, 3, 9, and 19, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction with IC50 values in the range of 271-340 molar ratio 32 pmol-1 TPA. In addition, five phenolic compounds, 1-3, 10, and 13, exhibited cytotoxic activity against two or more cell lines (IC50 2.5-95.8μM), as well as compounds 1 and 3 were also displayed high selectivity for LO2/HepG2 (SI 23.5 and 11.8, respectively), while the compound 1-induced ROS generation leads to activated caspases-3, -8, and -9 apoptotic process in HL60 cells. CONCLUSION This study has established that the MeOH extract of F. hispida fruits contains isoflavones, coumarins, caffeoylquinic acids, along with other compounds including phenolics and steroid glucoside as active principles, and has demonstrated that the chemical constituents of F. hispida may be valuable as potential chemopreventive and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Wan-Fang Zhu
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | | | - Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiradej Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Harukuni Tokuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiko Abe
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicine Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223003, China.
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Rutin Attenuates Carfilzomib-Induced Cardiotoxicity Through Inhibition of NF-κB, Hypertrophic Gene Expression and Oxidative Stress. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2017; 17:58-66. [PMID: 26707720 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor, commonly used in multiple myeloma, but its clinical use may be limited due to cardiotoxicity. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of rutin in carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Wistar albino male rats weighing 200-250 g (approximately 10 weeks old) were taken for this study. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group 1 served as normal control (NC), received normal saline; group 2 animals received carfilzomib (dissolved in 1 % DMSO) alone; group 3 animals received rutin (20 mg/kg) + carfilzomib; and group 4 animals received rutin (40 mg/kg) + carfilzomib. Hematological changes, biochemical changes, oxidative stress, hypertrophic gene expression, apoptotic gene expression, NFκB and IκB-α protein expression and histopathological evaluation were done to confirm the finding of carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment with rutin decreased the carfilzomib-induced changes in cardiac enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB. For the assessment of cardiotoxicity, we further evaluated cardiac hypertrophic gene and apoptotic gene expression such as α-MHC, β-MHC and BNP and NF-κB and p53 gene expression, respectively, using RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that rutin treatment prevented the activation of NF-κB by increasing the expression of IκB-α. Rutin also attenuated the effects of carfilzomib on oxidant-antioxidant including malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione. Histopathological study clearly confirmed that rutin attenuated carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
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Ficus hispida Bark Extract Prevents Nociception, Inflammation, and CNS Stimulation in Experimental Animal Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7390359. [PMID: 28491111 PMCID: PMC5405571 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7390359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background. Ficus hispida is traditionally used in the ailment of pain, inflammation, and neurological disorders. The present study set out to evaluate the in vivo antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative activity of the ethanol extract of Ficus hispida bark (EFHB). Methods. The antinociceptive activity of EFHB was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhing, formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion methods in Swiss albino mice. Its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by using carrageenan and histamine induced rat paw oedema test in Wister rats. The central stimulating activity was studied by using pentobarbital induced hypnosis, hole cross, and open field tests in Swiss albino mice. Results. EFHB demonstrated antinociceptive activity both centrally and peripherally. It showed 62.24% of writhing inhibition. It significantly inhibited licking responses in early (59.29%) and late phase (71.61%). It increased the reaction time to the thermal stimulus in both hot plate and tail immersion. It inhibited the inflammation to the extent of 59.49%. A substantial increase in duration of sleep up to 60.80 min and decrease of locomotion up to 21.70 at 400 mg/kg were also observed. Conclusion. We found significant dose dependent antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative properties of EFHB in experimental animal models.
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Bhatt L, Sebastian B, Joshi V. Mangiferin protects rat myocardial tissue against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 8:62-67. [PMID: 28610894 PMCID: PMC5496998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mangiferin is a highly potent antioxidant present in mango leaves which is utilized for therapeutic purposes. OBJECTIVE The present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of mangiferin against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were treated with 100 mg/kg of mangiferin in alone and interactive groups for 10 days. Apart from normal and mangiferin control groups, all the groups were subjected to cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) toxicity on Day 1 and effects of different treatments were analyzed by changes in serum biomarkers, tissue antioxidant levels, electrocardiographic parameters, lipid profile and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS Mangiferin treated group showed decrease in serum biomarker enzyme levels and increase in tissue antioxidant levels. Compared to cyclophosphamide control group, mangiferin treated animals showed improvement in lipid profile, electrocardiographic parameters, histological score and mortality. CONCLUSION The present findings clearly suggest the protective role of mangiferin as a powerful antioxidant preventing cardiotoxicity caused by cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxit Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Airport Road, Kenjar Village, Malavoor Panchayat, Mangalore, 575412 Karnataka, India.
| | - Binu Sebastian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Airport Road, Kenjar Village, Malavoor Panchayat, Mangalore, 575412 Karnataka, India
| | - Viraj Joshi
- Department of Quality Assurance, Shree Devi College of Pharmacy, Airport Road, Kenjar Village, Malavoor Panchayat, Mangalore, 575412 Karnataka, India
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Almukhlafi TS, Ansari MN, Aljerian K, Ahmad SF. Apremilast reversed carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of oxidative stress, NF-κB and MAPK signaling in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:700-708. [PMID: 27785949 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1236425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ), is a potent, selective second generation proteasome inhibitor, used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective effect of apremilast (AP) on the CFZ -induced cardiotoxicity. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1, served as the control group, received normal saline. Group 2, served as the toxic group, received CFZ (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Groups 3 and 4, served as treatment groups, and received CFZ with concomitant oral administration of AP in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively. In the present study, administration of CFZ resulted in a significant increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), which were reversed by treatment with AP. CFZ resulted in a significant increase in heart malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and decrease in cardiac glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity which were significantly reversed by treatment with AP. Induction of cardiotoxicity by CFZ significantly increased caspase-3 enzyme activity which were reversed by treatment with AP. RT-PCR analysis revealed an increased mRNA expression of NF-κB, ERK and JNK which were reversed by treatment with AP in cardiac tissues. Western blot analysis revealed an increased expression of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 and a decrease expression of inhibitory kappa B-alpha (Iκbα) with CFZ, which were reversed by treatment with AP. In conclusion, apremilast showed protective effect against CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Imam
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Matar Al-Harbi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashal M Almutairi
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alshammari
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Saad Almukhlafi
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Aljerian
- c King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine , King Saud University, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Unit , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Shi ZF, Lei C, Yu BW, Wang HY, Hou AJ. New Alkaloids andα-Glucosidase Inhibitory Flavonoids fromFicus hispida. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:445-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Shi
- Department of Pharmacognosy; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; 826 Zhang Heng Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Chun Lei
- Department of Pharmacognosy; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; 826 Zhang Heng Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Bang-Wei Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - He-Yao Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jun Hou
- Department of Pharmacognosy; School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; 826 Zhang Heng Road Shanghai 201203 P. R. China
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Alhumaidha KA, Saleh DO, Abd El Fattah MA, El-Eraky WI, Moawad H. Cardiorenal protective effect of taurine against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in albino rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 94:131-139. [PMID: 26695545 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a cytotoxic alkylating agent used in the treatment of malignant diseases and autoimmune disorders. Its clinical use is limited to its marked cardiorenal toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of taurine (Tau; 200 mg·kg-1 per day, i.p.) on CP-induced cardiorenal toxicity. CP (200 mg·kg-1) was administered as a single intraperitoneal injection whereas; Tau was administered for 3 weeks on a daily basis. The results showed that CP produced an elevation in serum activities of creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine as well as blood urea nitrogen. CP also induced an elevation in the oxidative stress markers viz. elevation in the serum lipid peroxides level (measured as malondialdehyde; MDA) and reduction in reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in both heart and renal tissue. On the other hand, administration of Tau attenuated the CP-evoked disturbances in the above mentioned parameters. In addition, CP exhibited electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, which were significantly reversed by Tau treatment. Finally, the histopathological examination emphasized the obtained results. In conclusion, Tau is suggested to be a potential candidate to ameliorate CP-induced cardiorenal toxicity that may be related to its antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Alhumaidha
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd El Fattah
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Wafaa I El-Eraky
- b Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Helmy Moawad
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Yap VA, Loong BJ, Ting KN, Loh SHS, Yong KT, Low YY, Kam TS, Lim KH. Hispidacine, an unusual 8,4'-oxyneolignan-alkaloid with vasorelaxant activity, and hispiloscine, an antiproliferative phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, from Ficus hispida Linn. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 109:96-102. [PMID: 25468714 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hispidacine, an 8,4'-oxyneolignan featuring incorporation of an unusual 2-hydroxyethylamine moiety at C-7, and hispiloscine, a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, were isolated from the stem-bark and leaves of the Malaysian Ficus hispida Linn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Hispidacine induced a moderate vasorelaxant activity in rat isolated aorta, while hispiloscine showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, HCT-116 and MRC-5 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Alicia Yap
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bi-Juin Loong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kang-Nee Ting
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sandy Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kien-Thai Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Ahmed F, Urooj A. Cardioprotective activity of standardized extract of Ficus racemosa stem bark against doxorubicin-induced toxicity. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:468-473. [PMID: 22136326 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.613848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ficus racemosa Linn. (Moraceae) bark is a rich source of phenolic compounds having diverse biological properties including antioxidant activity. The present study evaluated the cardioprotective activity of sequential acetone extract of Ficus racemosa bark against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The extract was standardized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subjected to acute toxicological evaluation in mice. Cardiotoxicity was induced by administration of doxorubicin (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) to the extract pretreated rats (250 and 500 mg kg(-1)) and compared with that of Arjuna, a standard cardiotonic. Biochemical parameters included CK-MB, LDH, AST, ALT, troponin I, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and glutathione. RESULTS The HPLC fingerprinting of the extract indicated the presence of bergenin (0.89%) and bergapten (0.07%). In an acute toxicity study, the extract at a dose of 2 g kg(-1) did not cause any adverse changes and no mortality was observed. Administration of doxorubicin significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) serum levels of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, which were decreased to an extent of 68, 63, 41, and 65%, respectively, in extract pretreated group (500 mg kg(-1)). Troponin I was undetected in control group, while it was found in serum of all the experimental groups. The extract pretreatment significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) TBARS and increased glutathione levels in serum and cardiac tissue. These observations were further substantiated by the histopathological studies. CONCLUSION The acetone extract of F. racemosa bark possesses potential cardioprotective activity against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by scavenging free radicals generated by the administration of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.
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Lawal AO, Farombi EO, Lawal AF. Aqueous Extract of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Modulates Cadmium-induced
Liver Damage in Female Wistar Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.599.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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