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For: Kula M, Tanriverdi G, Oksuz E, Bilir A, Shahzadi A, Yazici Z. Simvastatin and Dexamethasone Potentiate Antitumor Activity of Fotemustine. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.267.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]

For:	Kula M, Tanriverdi G, Oksuz E, Bilir A, Shahzadi A, Yazici Z. Simvastatin and Dexamethasone Potentiate Antitumor Activity of Fotemustine. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.267.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Statins and Gliomas: A Systematic Review of the Preclinical Studies and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Literature. Drugs 2022;82:293-310. [PMID: 35122635 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Gliomas represent most common primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common subtype and carries a poor prognosis. There is growing interest in the anti-glioma properties of statins. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the preclinical literature and to meta-analyze existing clinical studies to determine what benefit, if any, statins may confer in the context of glioma.

METHODS

The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science libraries were queried in May 2021. Preclinical studies were included if they investigated the anti-cancer effects of statins in glioma in vitro and in vivo. Clinical studies were included if they reported incidence rates of glioma by statin use, or mortality outcomes among GBM patients by statin use. Pooled point estimates were calculated using a random-effects model.

RESULTS

In total, 64 publications, 51 preclinical and 13 clinical, were included. Preclinical studies indicated that statins inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These effects were time- and concentration-dependent. Synergistic anti-glioma effects were observed when statins were combined with other anti-cancer therapies. Clinical observational studies showed an inverse, albeit non-statistically significant, association between statin use and incidence rate of glioma (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.62-1.13, I² = 72%, p-heterogeneity = 0.003, 6 studies). Statin use was not associated with better overall survival following GBM surgery (HR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.85-1.30, I² = 30%, p-heterogeneity = 0.23, 4 studies).

CONCLUSION

Statins were potent anti-cancer drugs that suppressed glioma growth through various mechanisms in vitro; these effects have translated into the clinical realm, clinically but not statistically, in terms of glioma incidence but not GBM survival.

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Genovese T, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Cordaro M, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Trovato Salinaro A, Raffone E, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Fusco R, Di Paola R. Regulation of Inflammatory and Proliferative Pathways by Fotemustine and Dexamethasone in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:ijms22115998. [PMID: 34206129 PMCID: PMC8199515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open

Abstract

Endometriosis is a common disease. Its pathogenesis still remains uncertain, but it is clear that cell proliferation, apoptosis and chronic inflammation play an important role in its development. This paper aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of a combined therapy with fotemustine and dexamethasone. Endometriosis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of uterine fragments from donor animals to recipient animals. Next, the pathology was allowed to develop for 7 days. On the seventh day, fotemustine was administered once and dexamethasone was administered daily for the next 7 days. On Day 14, the animals were sacrificed, and peritoneal fluids and lesions were explanted. In order to evaluate the gastrointestinal side effects of the drugs, stomachs were harvested as well. The combined therapy of fotemustine and dexamethasone reduced the proinflammatory mediator levels in the peritoneal fluid and reduced the lesions’ area and diameter. In particular, fotemustine and dexamethasone administration reduced the heterogeneous development of endometrial stroma and glands (histological analysis of lesions) and hyperproliferation of endometriotic cells (immunohistochemical analysis of Ki67 and Western blot analysis of PCNA) through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Combined fotemustine and dexamethasone therapy showed anti-inflammatory effects by inducing the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels (Western blot analysis of NFκB, COX-2 and PGE2 expression). Fotemustine and dexamethasone administration had anti-apoptotic activity, restoring the impaired mechanism (TUNEL assay and Western blot analysis of Bax and Bcl-2). Moreover, no gastric disfunction was detected (histological analysis of stomachs). Thus, our data showed that the combined therapy of fotemustine and dexamethasone reduced endometriosis-induced inflammation, hyperproliferation and apoptosis resistance.

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Affiliation(s)

Tiziana Genovese Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
Rosalba Siracusa Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
Ramona D’Amico Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
Marika Cordaro Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
Alessio Filippo Peritore Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
Enrico Gugliandolo Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
Rosalia Crupi Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
Angela Trovato Salinaro Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
Emanuela Raffone Multi-Specialist Institute Rizzo, Torregrotta, 98043 Messina, Italy;
Daniela Impellizzeri Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.) Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
Salvatore Cuzzocrea Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.) Correspondence: (D.I.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & S.C.)
Roberta Fusco Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)
Rosanna Di Paola Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (T.G.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (A.F.P.); (R.F.); (R.D.P.)

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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Atorvastatin by Suppressing TRAF3IP2 and IL-17RA in Human Glioblastoma Spheroids Cultured in a Three-dimensional Model: Possible Relevance to Glioblastoma Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2017;55:2102-2110. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]