Monoamino Oxidase Inhibitors Activities of Some Synthesized 2,6-bis (Tetracarboxamide)-pyridine and Macrocyclic Octacarboxamide Derivatives

A Comprehensive Review of Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitors in their Syntheses and Potencies

BACKGROUND

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a crucial role during the development of various neurodegenerative disorders. There are two MAO isozymes, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A is a flavoenzyme, which binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the oxidative transformations of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Focus on synthetic studies has culminated in the preparation of many MAOA inhibitors, and advancements in combinatorial and parallel synthesis have accelerated the developments of synthetic schemes. Here, we provided an overview of the synthetic protocols employed to prepare different classes of MAO-A inhibitors. We classified these inhibitors according to their molecular scaffolds and the synthetic methods used.

RESULTS

Various synthetic and natural derivatives from a different class of MAO-A inhibitors were reported.

CONCLUSION

The review provides a valuable tool for the development of a new class of various selective MAO-A inhibitors for the treatment of depression and other anxiety disorders.

Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors as potential neurotherapeutic agents: An overview and update

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors have made significant contributions and remain an indispensable approach of molecular and mechanistic diversity for the discovery of antineurodegenerative drugs. However, their usage has been hampered by nonselective and/or irreversible action which resulted in drawbacks like liver toxicity, cheese effect, and so forth. Hence, the search for selective MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) has become a substantial focus in current drug discovery. This review summarizes our current understanding on MAO-A/MAO-B including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and biological functions with emphases on the role of MAO-B as a potential therapeutic target for the development of medications treating neurodegenerative disorders. It also highlights the recent developments in the discovery of potential MAO-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) belonging to diverse chemical scaffolds, arising from intensive chemical-mechanistic and computational studies documented during past 3 years (2015-2018), with emphases on their potency and selectivity. Importantly, readers will gain knowledge of various newly established MAO-BI scaffolds and their development potentials. The comprehensive information provided herein will hopefully accelerate ideas for designing novel selective MAO-BIs with superior activity profiles and critical discussions will inflict more caution in the decision-making process in the MAOIs discovery.

Crystal structure of 1,4-dihydro-1-phenylchromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole, C16H12N2O

C16H12N2O, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 5.4475(3) Å, b = 12.2779(7) Å, c = 18.0975(11) Å, V = 1210.43(12) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0326, wRref(F2) = 0.0855, T = 100 K.

Crystal structure of 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)ethan-1-one, C23H20F3NO3

C23H20F3NO3, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 48.3041(18) Å, b = 6.0540(2) Å, c = 28.5445(11) Å, β = 105.519(2)°, V = 8043.0(5) Å3, Z = 16, R gt(F) = 0.056, wR ref(F 2) = 0.140, T = 293(2) K.