Effect of waterpipe tobacco smoke exposure during lactation on learning and memory of offspring rats: Role of oxidative stress.
Life Sci 2019;
227:58-63. [PMID:
31009626 DOI:
10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.049]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS
The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking is increasing among breastfeeding women. Herein, the effect of maternal waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) exposure during lactation on learning and memory of adult offspring rats was examined.
MAIN METHODS
Lactating rats received either fresh air or mainstream WTS (1 h twice daily) from day 4 to day 21. Learning and memory was examined by the radial arm water maze and the levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed in the hippocampus of adult male offspring rats.
KEY FINDINGS
Maternal exposure to WTS during lactation impaired the long-term memory and reduced levels of BDNF (P < 0.05) in hippocampus in adult male offspring rats. The activity of SOD, GPx and catalase were reduced (P < 0.05) while level of TBARS was increased (P < 0.05).
SIGNIFICANCE
Maternal WTS exposure during lactation impaired the long-term memory of adult male offspring that was associated with low levels of BDNF and altered oxidative stress balance. Therefore, careful measures should be taken to enhance waterpipe smoking cessation during breastfeeding.
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