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Ribeiro GDS, Martins DHN, Gomes JVD, Davies NW, Fagg CW, Simeoni LA, Homem-de-Mello M, Magalhães PO, Silveira D, Fonseca-Bazzo YM. Hepatoprotective Effects of Four Brazilian Savanna Species on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3393. [PMID: 37836133 PMCID: PMC10574628 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated four Cerrado plant species, i.e., Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm, Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Hancornia speciosa Gomes, and Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, against acetaminophen toxicity using an in vitro assay with HepG2 cells. The activity against acetaminophen toxicity was evaluated using different protocols, i.e., pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of the cells with acetaminophen and the plant extracts. HepG2 cell viability after treatment with acetaminophen was 39.61 ± 5.59% of viable cells. In the pre-treatment protocol, the extracts could perform protection with viability ranging from 50.02 ± 15.24% to 78.75 ± 5.61%, approaching the positive control silymarin with 75.83 ± 5.52%. In the post-treatment protocol, all extracts and silymarin failed to reverse the acetaminophen damage. In the co-treatment protocol, the extracts showed protection ranging from 50.92 ± 11.14% to 68.50 ± 9.75%, and silymarin showed 77.87 ± 4.26%, demonstrating that the aqueous extracts of the species also do not increase the toxic effect of acetaminophen. This protection observed in cell viability was accompanied by a decrease in ROS. The extracts' hepatoprotection can be related to antioxidant compounds, such as rutin and mangiferin, identified using HPLC-DAD and UPLC-MS/MS. The extracts were shown to protect HepG2 cells against future APAP toxicity and may be candidates for supplements that could be used to prevent liver damage. In the concomitant treatment using the extracts with APAP, it was demonstrated that the extracts do not present a synergistic toxicity effect, with no occurrence of potentiation of toxicity. The extracts showed considerable cytoprotective effects and important antioxidant characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislane dos Santos Ribeiro
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Diegue Henrique Nascimento Martins
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - João Victor Dutra Gomes
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Noel William Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
| | - Christopher William Fagg
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Yris Maria Fonseca-Bazzo
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences School, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (G.d.S.R.); (D.H.N.M.); (J.V.D.G.); (L.A.S.); (M.H.-d.-M.); (P.O.M.); (D.S.)
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Ali YA, Soliman HA, Abdel-Gabbar M, Ahmed NA, Attia KAA, Shalaby FM, El-Nahass ES, Ahmed OM. Rutin and Hesperidin Revoke the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Paclitaxel in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2738351. [PMID: 37275575 PMCID: PMC10238143 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2738351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel, one of the most effective chemotherapeutic drugs, is used to treat various cancers but it is exceedingly toxic when used long-term and can harm the liver. This study aimed to see if rutin, hesperidin, and their combination could protect male Wistar rats against paclitaxel (Taxol)-induced hepatotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats were subdivided into 5 groups (each of six rats). The normal group was orally given the equivalent volume of vehicles for 6 weeks. The paclitaxel-administered control group received intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel at a dose of 2 mg/Kg body weight twice a week for 6 weeks. Treated paclitaxel-administered groups were given paclitaxel similar to the paclitaxel-administered control group together with oral supplementation of rutin, hesperidin, and their combination at a dose of 10 mg/Kg body weight every other day for 6 weeks. The treatment of paclitaxel-administered rats with rutin and hesperidin significantly reduced paclitaxel-induced increases in serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activities as well as total bilirubin level and liver lipid peroxidation. However, the levels of serum albumin, liver glutathione content, and the activities of liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase increased. Furthermore, paclitaxel-induced harmful hepatic histological changes (central vein and portal area blood vessel congestion, fatty changes, and moderate necrotic changes with focal nuclear pyknosis, focal mononuclear infiltration, and Kupffer cell proliferation) were remarkably enhanced by rutin and hesperidin treatments. Moreover, the elevated hepatic proapoptotic mediator (caspase-3) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α) expressions were decreased by the three treatments in paclitaxel-administered rats. The cotreatment with rutin and hesperidin was the most effective in restoring the majority of liver function and histological integrity. Therefore, rutin, hesperidin, and their combination may exert hepatic protective effects in paclitaxel-administered rats by improving antioxidant defenses and inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine A. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Soliman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Gabbar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Noha A. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kandil A. A. Attia
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Evaluation of Natural Resources, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, El-Sadat City University, El-Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Fatma M. Shalaby
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahass
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, P.O. Box 62521, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Singh H, Singh T, Singh AP, Kaur S, Arora S, Singh B. Hepatoprotective effect of Physalis divaricata in paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity: In vitro, in silico and in vivo analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115024. [PMID: 35085744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Physalis divaricata D. Don. is an erect weed of family Solanaceae. The root extract of this plant is used by the indigenous communities of Sub-Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India for the treatment of liver disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata in paracetamol (PCM) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried roots of P. divaricata were subjected to extraction using different solvents. The chloroform extract, methanol extract and bioactive aqueous fraction of methanol extract were evaluated for hepatoprotective effect. After initial in vitro screening, all extracts were screened for hepatoprotective potential in PCM (3 g/kg p.o) induced hepatotoxicity. Following PCM administration, extracts were administered orally for 7 days in increasing dose concentrations. All the animals were euthanized on eighth day, serum and liver tissues were collected and subjected to various biochemical and histopathological analysis. Aqueous fraction of methanol extract was further analyzed using LC- MS analysis. RESULTS Methanol extract and its bioactive aqueous fraction exhibited significant and better in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activity as compared to chloroform extract. PCM treatment caused hepatotoxicity as assessed by altered levels of various hepatic biomarkers (increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, TBARS, and AOPPs as well as decrease in GSH and TrxR levels) along with histopathological changes (portal to portal bridging, necrosis, and inflammation). Methanolic extract (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) and its aqueous fraction treatment (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) significantly restored elevated hepatic biomarkers, oxidative stress, and protected normal hepato-architecture. LC-MS analysis of aqueous fraction showed presence of rutin and kaempferol. In silico analysis further showed the capability of rutin to make complex with TNF-α and block its interaction with the target site. CONCLUSION Aqueous fraction showed maximum hepatoprotective potential as conceived through in vitro and in vivo studies. Presence of rutin may explain hepatoprotective potential of P. divaricata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA.
| | - Amrit Pal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Sarabjit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Balbir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Bekkouch O, Dalli M, Harnafi M, Touiss I, Mokhtari I, Assri SE, Harnafi H, Choukri M, Ko SJ, Kim B, Amrani S. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), Lemon (Citrus limon L.) Juices as Preventive Agents from Chronic Liver Damage Induced by CCl4: A Biochemical and Histological Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020390. [PMID: 35204272 PMCID: PMC8869411 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon L. are well known for their multi-use and for their pharmacological effect in the treatment of many illnesses. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of the ginger and lemon juice extracts and in addition, to evaluate their antioxidant properties and their hepatoprotective effect against the liver damage of Wistar rats induced by the injection of CCl4 to treated animals. The obtained effects were completed by a histological study for better confirmation of the registered pharmacological effects. The ginger juice extract was found to be rich in 4-gingerol, 6-gingediol, and 6-gingerol, while the lemon juice extract chemical composition was highlighted by the presence of eriodyctiol, rutin, hesperidin, and isorhamnetin. Concerning the antioxidant activity, the ginger, lemon juice extracts, and their formulation showed an important antioxidant potential using TAC (total antioxidant capacity), an antiradical activity against the radical DPPH• (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil), and a ferric reducing power. Finally, the ginger, lemon, and their formulation at different doses were able to prevent CCl4 induced liver damage. Indeed, these different bioactive compounds could be used as alternative agents for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bekkouch
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohammed Dalli
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Ilham Touiss
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Soufiane El Assri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, BP 4806, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.E.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed Choukri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, BP 4806, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (S.E.A.); (M.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Seok-Jae Ko
- Department of Gastroenterology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (M.D.); (B.K.)
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (M.H.); (I.T.); (I.M.); (H.H.); (S.A.)
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Rakshit S, Shukla P, Verma A, Kumar Nirala S, Bhadauria M. Protective role of rutin against combined exposure to lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine-induced dysfunctions in liver, kidney, and brain: Hematological, biochemical, and histological evidences. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13605. [PMID: 33433008 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protective efficacy of rutin over liver, kidney, and brain dysfunctions was evaluated in this investigation. Rutin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) was administered continuously for 6 days followed by single dose of D-galactosamine (300 mg/kg I.P.) and lipopolysaccharide (50 µg/kg I.P.) on the 6th day. Hematological, serological, biochemical, and histological aspects were considered for this study. One-way ANOVA (p ≤ .05) followed by Tukey's HSD post hoc test determined the statistical significance. Serum AST, ALT, ALP, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were increased significantly, whereas albumin and glucose were significantly decreased after combined exposure to LPS and D-GalN. Glutathione level and activity of SOD and catalase were decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation, triglycerides, and cholesterol were increased in tissue samples due to LPS- and D-GalN-induced toxicity. Prophylactic treatment of rutin maintained studied variables toward control claiming the protective role of rutin. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rutin is plenteous in a variety of commonly ingested foods such as onion, wine, grape, citrus fruits, tea, and buckwheat. Rutin supplement is recommended for the treatment of various diseases such as varicose veins, internal bleeding, or hemorrhoids. Rutin is better than well-known antithrombic agent, Juniferdin, or Bacitracin. In the present study, rutin showed protective effects against LPS- and D-GalN-induced multiorgan dysfunctions due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, rutin may be developed and practiced as a food supplement to cope with acute organ dysfunctions caused by inflammatory and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Rakshit
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laborator, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Piyush Shukla
- Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Laboratory of Natural Products, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Anjani Verma
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laborator, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Satendra Kumar Nirala
- Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Laboratory of Natural Products, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
| | - Monika Bhadauria
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology and Pharmacology Laborator, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India
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Prasad R, Prasad SB. Histoprotective effect of rutin against cisplatin-induced toxicities in tumor-bearing mice: Rutin lessens cisplatin-induced toxicities. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:245-258. [PMID: 32787450 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120947793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective anticancer drug used against a variety of cancers. The full therapeutic potential of cisplatin is often hampered due to concurrent development of various side effects in the hosts. Rutin, a naturally occurring bioflavonoid shows several pharmacological activities. It has been earlier reported by us that rutin and cisplatin in combination show better antitumor activity against murine ascites Dalton's lymphoma. As cisplatin is given to cancer-bearing hosts only, the present study was undertaken to explore the histoprotective effect of rutin against some toxicities induced by cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice. Cisplatin treatment caused severe damages in tissue architecture such as degenerated hepatocytes with nuclear condensation and sinusoidal dilatation in the liver, glomerular deterioration, infiltration of cells, and tubular congestion in the kidney, and vacuolization of Sertoli cells or dense granules in the cytoplasm and damaged seminiferous tubules in the testes. In the rutin plus cisplatin combination-treated mice, all the abnormal tissue architectural features were decreased. Further, as compared to cisplatin treatment, combination treatment did not show any significant elevation in the liver functional biomarkers (serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and renal functional biomarkers (serum urea and creatinine levels). The combination treatment reduced the sperm abnormalities also as compared to the cisplatin alone treatment. The in vitro hemolysis assay of red blood cells and scanning electron microscopy revealed that combination treatment lessened the cisplatin-induced hemolysis and abnormalities in RBCs. Thus, the present findings demonstrate that rutin has histoprotective ability against cisplatin-induced toxicities in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Prasad
- Cell and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, 29666North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - S B Prasad
- Cell and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, 29666North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, Nouri K, Wallace CE, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2276. [PMID: 32823876 PMCID: PMC7463935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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Abdel-Ghaf O, Hegab AM, Rayan EI. Evaluation of Antioxidative Effect of Green Tea Catechins Against Isoniazid-induced Biochemical Alterations in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.777.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abdel-Ghaf O, Abdel-Mone A, Abdel-Mohs S. Protective Effect of Naringenin Against Isoniazid-induced Adverse Reactions in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.667.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abdel-Ghaf O, Mahmoud ST, Said AA, Sanad FAAY. Ameliorative Effect of Rutin Against Isoniazid-induced Alterations in Certain Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Albino Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.39.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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