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Singh V, Adil S, Quraishi A. Elimination of BBTV via a systemic in vitro electrotherapy approach. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114367. [PMID: 34822911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is the most destructive etiological agent limiting banana cultivation areas globally. This study attempted BBTV elimination by traditional shoot-tip culture (control) and alternative shoot-tip + electrotherapy (treated) techniques. Shoot-tip culture from Musa acuminata cv. 'Grand Naine' infected sources were exposed to 100 mA electric current for different time intervals (20-60 min). Virus indexing (via PCR) and genetic fidelity (by ISSR assay) from the cultures were tested, alongside the physio-biochemical parameters. Exposure of electric current for less than 50 min was ineffective for BBTV elimination. Still, a rise in the duration from 50 min or more led to eradicating the virus from some explants. Elimination of BBTV was complete from 100 % of explants exposed to 100 mA for 60 min, as confirmed by lack of BBTV detection even at six months after acclimatization. In the control treatment, the maximum efficiency of BBTV elimination was 28 % after eight subcultures. On the other hand, improved survival % was observed in the treated culture. Moreover, homogenous ISSR patterns were there between the treated and the mother plant and similar physio-biochemical activities were seen in electro-exposed cultures and healthy ones. Thus, the study reports complete BBTV-elimination from banana with international compliances, for the first time, via electrotherapy while maintaining genomic template and biochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- School of Studies in Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Smriti Adil
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Afaque Quraishi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Raj R, Kaur C, Agrawal L, Kumar S, Chauhan PS, Raj SK. Development of a protocol for the elimination of Cyrtanthus elatus virus-A from Narcissus tazetta by in vitro chemotherapy in combination with electrotherapy. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114368. [PMID: 34808229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta) is a bulbous ornamental plant propagated vegetatively from bulbs. The Cyrtanthus elatus virus-A (CyEV-A) had been reported to cause a severe mosaic and yellow stripe disease in narcissus. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a protocol for the elimination of CyEV-A from infected bulblets by in vitro chemotherapy (30-50 mg/L ribavirin for 30 days) and electrotherapy (10-30 mA for 20 min), individually and in combination, to produce virus-free plants. The regenerated plants obtained from these treatments were screened for the absence of the CyEV-A by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays using a set of degenerate primers specific for a potyvirus coat protein gene. The results showed that in vitro chemotherapy (30 mg/L ribavirin for 30 days) alone produced 46.0 % (14/30) of virus-free plants, while electrotherapy (20 mA for 20 min) alone produced 40.0 % (12/30) of virus-free plants. In comparison, a combination of chemotherapy (30 mg/L ribavirin for 30 days) and electrotherapy (20 mA for 20 min) produced 50.0 % (15/30) of virus-free plants. The virus-free plants obtained from this combination treatment exhibited better growth and produced more bulbs compared to the other treatments and control. The protocol may be used for the control of the virus disease in narcissus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), Ghaziabad, 2001002, India
| | - Charanjeet Kaur
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; Department of Plant Science, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P., India
| | - Lalit Agrawal
- Microbiology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; Department of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, Doon Business School, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Susheel Kumar
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India
| | - P S Chauhan
- Microbiology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; AcSIR (Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research), Ghaziabad, 2001002, India.
| | - S K Raj
- Plant Molecular Virology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, U.P., India; B-1/66, Sector-G, Janki Puram, Lucknow, 226 021, U. P., India.
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Magyar-Tábori K, Mendler-Drienyovszki N, Hanász A, Zsombik L, Dobránszki J. Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040670. [PMID: 33807286 PMCID: PMC8066107 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Magyar-Tábori
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandra Hanász
- Kerpely Kálmán Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Zsombik
- Research Institute of Nyíregyháza, Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm (IAREF), University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (N.M.-D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Judit Dobránszki
- Centre for Agricultural Genomics and Biotechnology, Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Science and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 12, H-4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
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Kaur C, Raj R, Kumar S, Purshottam DK, Agrawal L, Chauhan PS, Raj SK. Elimination of Bean yellow mosaic virus from infected cormels of three cultivars of gladiolus using thermo-, electro- and chemotherapy. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:154. [PMID: 30944801 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is a prevalent virus and major threat to gladiolus cultivation the world over. In the gladiolus repository at CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, several plants (82-88%) of three economically important cultivars were found infected by BYMV showing severe mosaic and stripe symptoms. Affected plants exhibit diminished quality and quantity of florets and corms, thus reducing their value. Attempts were made to eliminate BYMV from the infected gladiolus cormel explants in vitro through thermotherapy (37 °C for 30 days), chemotherapy (30 mg/L ribavirin for 30 days), and electrotherapy (30 mA for 20 min), either alone and in different combinations. The in vitro regenerated plants were free from BYMV infection when checked by RT-PCR using BYMV-specific primers. The combination of electro- and chemotherapies has given the best response as compared to other treatments. Among the individual therapies, electrotherapy (30 mA/20 min) was found to be the best for and production of BYMV-free gladiolus plants (44-46%) with moderate regeneration efficiency (54-58%) followed by chemotherapy and thermotherapy. However, the cormels obtained from a combination of electro- and chemotherapy treatment (30 mA/20 min + 30 mg/L) has given highest virus free (46-52%) and highest therapy efficiency indices (56%) as compared to other treatments. Further, these cormels showed better developed root systems and produced more cormels which were larger in size as compared to the other treatments and control when grown in tissue culture media.
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Wang MR, Cui ZH, Li JW, Hao XY, Zhao L, Wang QC. In vitro thermotherapy-based methods for plant virus eradication. PLANT METHODS 2018; 14:87. [PMID: 30323856 PMCID: PMC6173849 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-018-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Production of virus-free plants is necessary to control viral diseases, import novel cultivars from other countries, exchange breeding materials between countries or regions and preserve plant germplasm. In vitro techniques represent the most successful approaches for virus eradication. In vitro thermotherapy-based methods, including combining thermotherapy with shoot tip culture, chemotherapy, micrografting or shoot tip cryotherapy, have been successfully established for efficient eradication of various viruses from almost all of the most economically important crops. The present study reviewed recent advances in in vitro thermotherapy-based methods for virus eradication since the twenty-first century. Mechanisms as to why thermotherapy-based methods could efficiently eradicate viruses were discussed. Finally, future prospects were proposed to direct further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhen-Hua Cui
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
| | - Jing-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xin-Yi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qiao-Chun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, 266109 Shandong China
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Elena Vîjan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Topală
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
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Mycoviruses infecting the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungus Tolypocladium cylindrosporum. Virus Res 2011; 160:409-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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