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Kaptchouang Tchatchouang CD, Fri J, Montso PK, Amagliani G, Schiavano GF, Manganyi MC, Baldelli G, Brandi G, Ateba CN. Evidence of Virulent Multi-Drug Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Listeria Species Isolated from Various Sources in South Africa. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080843. [PMID: 36014964 PMCID: PMC9416180 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes species and is known to cause severe complications, particularly in pregnant women, young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Listeria species in food and water using both biochemical and species-specific PCR analysis. L. monocytogenes isolates were further screened for the presence of various antibiotic resistance, virulence, and biofilm-forming determinants profiles using phenotypic and genotypic assays. A total of 207 samples (composed of meat, milk, vegetables, and water) were collected and analyzed for presence of L. monocytogenes using species specific PCR analysis. Out of 267 presumptive isolates, 53 (19.85%) were confirmed as the Listeria species, and these comprised 26 L. monocytogenes, 3 L. innocua, 2 L. welshimeri, and 1 L. thailandensis. The remaining 21 Listeria species were classified as uncultured Listeria, based on 16SrRNA sequence analysis results. A large proportion (76% to 100%) of the L. monocytogenes were resistant to erythromycin (76%), clindamycin (100%), gentamicin (100%), tetracycline (100%), novobiocin (100%), oxacillin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), and kanamycin (100%). The isolates revealed various multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes, with E-DA-GM-T-NO-OX-NA-K being the most predominant MDR phenotypes observed in the L. monocytogenes isolates. The virulence genes prfA, hlyA, actA, and plcB were detected in 100%, 68%, 56%, and 20% of the isolates, respectively. In addition, L. monocytogenes isolates were capable of forming strong biofilm at 4 °C (%) after 24 to 72 h incubation periods, moderate for 8% isolates at 48 h and 20% at 72 h (p < 0.05). Moreover, at 25 °C and 37 °C, small proportions of the isolates displayed moderate (8−20%) biofilm formation after 48 and 72 h incubation periods. Biofilm formation genes flaA and luxS were detected in 72% and 56% of the isolates, respectively. These findings suggest that proper hygiene measures must be enforced along the food chain to ensure food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christ-Donald Kaptchouang Tchatchouang
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Justine Fri
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Giulia Amagliani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Madira Coutlyne Manganyi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa;
| | - Giulia Baldelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Brandi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy; (G.A.); (G.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (C.-D.K.T.); (J.F.); (P.K.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-18-389-2247
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Listeria monocytogenes in Milk: Occurrence and Recent Advances in Methods for Inactivation. BEVERAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages5010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Milk is one of the most important food items consumed by humans worldwide. In addition to its nutritional importance, milk is an excellent culture medium for microorganisms, which may include pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Traditional processing of milk for direct consumption is based on thermal treatments that efficiently eliminate pathogens, including pasteurization or sterilization. However, the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in milk as a consequence of failures in the pasteurization process or postpasteurization contamination is still a matter of concern. In recent years, consumer demand for minimally processed milk has increased due to the perception of better sensory and nutritional qualities of the products. This review deals with the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in milk in the last 10 years, including regulatory aspects, and recent advances in technologies for the inactivation of this pathogen in milk. The results from studies on nonthermal technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, and ultraviolet irradiation, are discussed, considering their potential application in milk processing plants.
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Wei S, Park BJ, Kim SH, Seo KH, Jin YG, Oh DH. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes using Dynabeads® anti-Listeria combined with real-time PCR in soybean sprouts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ranjbar R, Halaji M. Epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in foods, animals and human origin from Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1057. [PMID: 30139345 PMCID: PMC6108140 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes as the main causative agent of human listeriosis is an intracellular bacterium that has the capability to infect a wide range of cell types. Human listeriosis is a sporadic foodborne disease, which is epidemiologically linked with consumption of contaminated food products. Listeriosis may range from mild and self-limiting diseases in healthy people to severe systemic infections in susceptible populations. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in food resources and human samples from Iran. Methods A systematic search was performed by using electronic databases from papers that were published by Iranian authors Since January of 2000 to the end of April 2017. Then, 47 publications which met our inclusion criteria were selected for data extraction and analysis by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. Results The pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in human origin was 10% (95% CI: 7–12%) ranging from 0 to 28%. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in animals was estimated at 7% (95% CI: 4–10%) ranging from 1 to 18%. Moreover, the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in Iranian food samples was estimated at 4% (95% CI: 3–5%) ranging from 0 to 50%. From those 12 studies which reported the distribution of L. monocytogenes serotypes, it was concluded that 4b, 1/2a, and 1/2b were the most prevalent serotypes. Conclusions The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and prevalent serotypes in Iran are comparable with other parts of the world. Although the overall prevalence of human cross-contamination origin was low, awareness about the source of contamination is very important because of the higher incidence of infections in susceptible groups. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5966-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Halaji
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Taherkhani A, Attar HM, Mirzaee SA, Ahmadmoazzam M, Jaafarzadeh N, Hashemi F, Jalali M. Performance evaluation of waste stabilization ponds on removal of Listeria spp.: a case study of Isfahan, Iran. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:614-621. [PMID: 30067242 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2018.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess performance of waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) on the removal of Listeria spp. in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 104 samples were taken from eight sampling locations from influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Sewage samples were analyzed for the presence of Listeria spp. using selective enrichment protocol. Listeria isolates were also identified by biochemical and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Listeria spp. was enumerated by a three tube most probable number (MPN) for total coliform counts (TC), fecal coliform counts (FC), total suspended solids (TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS). In total, 54/104 (51.92%), 49/104 (47.11%), 36/104 (34.61%), and 27/104 (25.95%) samples were positive for Listeria spp., L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, and L. seeligeri, respectively. The mean MPN/100 mL enumeration of L. monocytogenes for influent, anaerobic, facultative ponds 1, 2, 3, 4 and maturation ponds 1 and 2 were 21.54, 10.61, 8, 5.77, 4, 2.54, 1.38, and 0.46, respectively. The removal percentage of Listeria spp. in the anaerobic, facultative, and maturation ponds were 44.71, 76.5, and 81.4%, respectively. Results showed that the WSPs were able to decrease the Listeria spp. levels significantly, although unable to remove them completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Taherkhani
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Abbas Mirzaee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ahmadmoazzam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Neemat Jaafarzadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Faeze Hashemi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran E-mail:
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Hamidiyan N, Salehi-Abargouei A, Rezaei Z, Dehghani-Tafti R, Akrami-Mohajeri F. The prevalence of Listeria spp. food contamination in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2018; 107:437-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bacterial Diversity in Traditional Doogh in Comparison to Industrial Doogh. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:386-393. [PMID: 29164291 PMCID: PMC5842502 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Forty-four samples of traditional Doogh and yoghurt were collected from 13 regions of 4 provinces in west of Iran (13 area) and analyzed using molecular methods including PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA, and sequencing. Moreover, collected samples as well as samples from industrially Doogh were analyzed with quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences of Doogh samples could be allocated to the presence of Lactobacillus spp. The typical yoghurt starter culture bacteria included four different Lactobacillus species with possible probiotic properties, L. acidophilus, L. helveticus, L. kefiranofaciens, and L. amylovorus. DGGE of traditional Doogh and yoghurt and RT-PCR of traditional Doogh and yoghurt and also industrial Doogh samples demonstrated that traditional Doogh and yoghurt show a higher abundance of total bacteria and lactobacilli and a higher bacterial diversity, respectively. Considering diversity and higher probiotic bacteria content in traditional Doogh, consumers’ healthiness in tribes and villages could be promoted with these indigenous products.
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Haghi F, Zeighami H, Naderi G, Samei A, Roudashti S, Bahari S, Shirmast P. Detection of major food-borne pathogens in raw milk samples from dairy bovine and ovine herds in Iran. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Garedew L, Taddese A, Biru T, Nigatu S, Kebede E, Ejo M, Fikru A, Birhanu T. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of listeria species from ready-to-eat foods of animal origin in Gondar Town, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:100. [PMID: 25963134 PMCID: PMC4427937 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeriosis, mostly caused by Listeria monocytogenes species, has become a major concern to public health authorities due to its clinical severity and high mortality rate, particularly in high risk groups. Currently, there is limited information regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of listeria species in ready-to-eat foods of animal origin in Gondar town, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Listeria species isolated from ready-to-eat food of animal origin from public dinning places in Gondar town, Ethiopia. A cross sectional study on ready-toeat foods of animal origin sampled from major supermarkets, butcher shops, pastry shops, restaurants and hotels was carried out. Culture, biochemical and sugar tests were conducted for listeria species identification and disc diffusion test was performed to study the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates. Results Out of 384 food samples examined, 96 (25%) were positive for Listeria species. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in 24 (6.25%) of the samples. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from cake, raw meat, ice cream, minced beef, fish, unpasteurized milk and pizza in that order from higher to lower rate. Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility profile of L. monocytogenes revealed the presence of four multi-drug resistant isolates. The higher resistance rate was recorded for penicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, in decreasing order. All L. monocytogenes identified in the current study were sensitive to amoxicillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and vancomycin. Conclusions The presence of L. monocytogenes including drug resistant and multidrug resistant isolates in some ready-to-eat food items is an indicator of the presence of public health hazards to the consumer, particularly to the high-risk groups. Hence awareness creation on food safety and implementation of regulations about the use of drugs in humans and animals is strongly recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-015-0434-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legesse Garedew
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Department of Microbiology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Ayele Taddese
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department III-Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Tigist Biru
- University of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Seleshe Nigatu
- University of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Elias Kebede
- University of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Mebrat Ejo
- University of Gondar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Abraham Fikru
- Hawassa University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Awassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tamiru Birhanu
- University of Montreal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Montreal, Canada.
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Cetinkaya F, Elal Mus T, Yibar A, Guclu N, Tavsanli H, Cibik R. Prevalence, Serotype Identification by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of L
isteria Monocytogenes
Isolated from Retail Foods. J Food Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Figen Cetinkaya
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Tulay Elal Mus
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Artun Yibar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Nedret Guclu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Hakan Tavsanli
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
| | - Recep Cibik
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Uludag; Gorukle Campus Bursa 16059 Turkey
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Jamali H, Radmehr B, Thong KL. Prevalence, characterisation, and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes isolates from raw milk in farm bulk tanks. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ning P, Guo K, Cheng L, Xu L, Zhang C, Cui H, Cheng Y, Xu R, Liu W, Lv Q, Cao W, Zhang Y. Pilot survey of raw whole milk in China for Listeria monocytogenes using PCR. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Weiler C, Ifland A, Naumann A, Kleta S, Noll M. Incorporation of Listeria monocytogenes strains in raw milk biofilms. Int J Food Microbiol 2012; 161:61-8. [PMID: 23279814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms develop successively on devices of milk production without sufficient cleaning and originate from the microbial community of raw milk. The established biofilm matrices enable incorporation of pathogens like Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause a continuous contamination of food processing plants. L. monocytogenes is frequently found in raw milk and non-pasteurized raw milk products and as part of a biofilm community in milk meters and bulk milk tanks. The aim of this study was to analyze whether different L. monocytogenes strains are interacting with the microbial community of raw milk in terms of biofilm formation in the same manner, and to identify at which stage of biofilm formation a selected L. monocytogenes strain settles best. Bacterial community structure and composition of biofilms were analyzed by a cloning and sequencing approach and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (T-RFLP) based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The chemical composition of biofilms was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while settled L. monocytogenes cells were quantified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Addition of individual L. monocytogenes strains to raw milk caused significant shifts in the biofilm biomass, in the chemical as well as in the bacterial community composition. Biofilm formation and attachment of L. monocytogenes cells were not serotype but strain specific. However, the added L. monocytogenes strains were not abundant since mainly members of the genera Citrobacter and Lactococcus dominated the bacterial biofilm community. Overall, added L. monocytogenes strains led to a highly competitive interaction with the raw milk community and triggered alterations in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Weiler
- BfR, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Osaili TM, Al-Nabulsi AA, Taha MH, Al-Holy MA, Alaboudi AR, Al-Rousan WM, Shaker RR. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility ofListeria monocytogenesIsolated from Brined White Cheese in Jordan. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M528-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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