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Zimmermann JSM, Linxweiler J, Radosa JC, Linxweiler M, Zimmermann R. The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein Sec62 as potential therapeutic target in SEC62 overexpressing tumors. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1014271. [PMID: 36262254 PMCID: PMC9574383 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1014271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human SEC62 gene is located on chromosome 3q, was characterized as a tumor driver gene and is found to be overexpressed in an ever-growing number of tumors, particularly those with 3q26 amplification. Where analyzed, SEC62 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. Sec62 protein is a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and has functions in endoplasmic reticulum protein import, endoplasmic reticulum-phagy and -in cooperation with the cytosolic protein calmodulin- the maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis. Various human tumors show SEC62 overexpression in immunohistochemistry and corresponding cell lines confirm this phenomenon in western blots and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, these tumor cells are characterized by increased stress tolerance and migratory as well as invasive potential, three hallmarks of cancer cells. Strikingly, plasmid-driven overexpression of SEC62 in non-SEC62 overexpressing cells introduces the same three hallmarks of cancer into the transfected cells. Depletion of Sec62 from either type of SEC62 overexpressing tumor cells by treatment with SEC62-targeting siRNAs leads to reduced stress tolerance and reduced migratory as well as invasive potential. Where tested, treatment of SEC62 overexpressing tumor cells with the small molecule/calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) phenocopied the effect of SEC62-targeting siRNAs. Recently, first phase II clinical trials with the prodrug mipsagargin/G202, which targets cellular calcium homeostasis in prostate cells as well as neovascular tissue in various tumors were started. According to experiments with tumor cell lines, however, SEC62 overexpressing tumor cells may be less responsive or resistant against such treatment. Therefore, murine tumor models for tumor growth or metastasis were evaluated with respect to their responsiveness to treatment with a mipsagargin analog (thapsigargin), or trifluoperazine, which had previously been in clinical use for the treatment of schizophrenia, or with the combination of both drugs. So far, no additive effect of the two drugs was observed but trifluoperazine had an inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastatic potential in the models. Here, we review the state of affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. M. Zimmermann
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Linxweiler
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Julia C. Radosa
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Linxweiler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Competence Center for Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Aune Westergaard Hansen G, Ludvigsen M, Jacobsen C, Cangemi C, Melholt Rasmussen L, Vorum H, Honoré B. Fibulin-1C, C1 Esterase Inhibitor and Glucose Regulated Protein 75 Interact with the CREC Proteins, Calumenin and Reticulocalbin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132283. [PMID: 26161649 PMCID: PMC4498735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity purification, immunoprecipitation, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify fibulin-1C, C1 esterase inhibitor and glucose regulated protein 75, grp75, as binding partners of the CREC proteins, calumenin and reticulocalbin. Surface plasmon resonance was used to verify the interaction of all three proteins with each of the CREC proteins. Fibulin-1C interacts with calumenin and reticulocalbin with an estimated dissociation constant around 50-60 nM. The interaction, at least for reticulocalbin, was not dependent upon the presence of Ca2+. C1 esterase inhibitor interacted with both proteins with an estimated dissociation constant at 1 μM for reticulocalbin and 150 nM for calumenin. The interaction, at least for calumenin, was dependent upon the presence of Ca2+ with strong interaction at 3.5 mM while no detectable interaction could be found at 0.1 mM. Grp75 binds with an affinity of approximately 3-7 nM with reticulocalbin as well as with calumenin. These interactions suggest functional participation of the CREC proteins in chaperone activity, cell proliferation and transformation, cellular aging, haemostasis and thrombosis as well as modulation of the complement system in fighting bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1182, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christian Jacobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1182, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Claudia Cangemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18–22, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Ole Worms Allé 3, Building 1182, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Ding Y, Caberoy NB, Guo F, LeBlanc ME, Zhang C, Wang W, Wang F, Chen R, Li W. Reticulocalbin-1 facilitates microglial phagocytosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126993. [PMID: 25992960 PMCID: PMC4436338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is critical to the clearance of apoptotic cells, cellular debris and deleterious metabolic products for tissue homeostasis. Phagocytosis ligands directly recognizing deleterious cargos are the key to defining the functional roles of phagocytes, but are traditionally identified on a case-by-case basis with technical challenges. As a result, extrinsic regulation of phagocytosis is poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that microglial phagocytosis ligands can be systematically identified by a new approach of functional screening. One of the identified ligands is reticulocalbin-1 (Rcn1), which was originally reported as a Ca2+-binding protein with a strict expression in the endoplasmic reticulum. Our results showed that Rcn1 can be secreted from healthy cells and that secreted Rcn1 selectively bound to the surface of apoptotic neurons, but not healthy neurons. Independent characterization revealed that Rcn1 stimulated microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic but not healthy neurons. Ingested apoptotic cells were targeted to phagosomes and co-localized with phagosome marker Rab7. These data suggest that Rcn1 is a genuine phagocytosis ligand. The new approach described in this study will enable systematic identification of microglial phagocytosis ligands with broad applicability to many other phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Nora B. Caberoy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, United States of America
| | - Feiye Guo
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. LeBlanc
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
- Jinan 2 People’s Hospital, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
| | - Feng Wang
- Dept. of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Rui Chen
- Dept. of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vasiljevic M, Heisler FF, Hausrat TJ, Fehr S, Milenkovic I, Kneussel M, Sieghart W. Spatio-temporal expression analysis of the calcium-binding protein calumenin in the rodent brain. Neuroscience 2011; 202:29-41. [PMID: 22178608 PMCID: PMC3270221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Calumenin is a Ca2+-binding protein that belongs to the CREC superfamily. It contains six EF-hand domains that exhibit a low affinity for Ca2+ as well as an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal. Calumenin exhibits a broad and relatively high expression in various brain regions during development as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. Signal intensity of calumenin is highest during the early development and then declines over time to reach a relatively low expression in adult animals. Immunohistochemistry indicates that at the P0 stage, calumenin expression is most abundant in migrating neurons in the zones around the lateral ventricle. In the brain of adult animals, it is expressed in various glial and neuronal cell types, including immature neurons in subgranular zone of hippocampal dentate gyrus. At the subcellular level, calumenin is identified in punctuate and diffuse distribution mostly in somatic regions where it co-localizes with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and partially Golgi apparatus. Upon subcellular fractionation, calumenin is enriched in fractions containing membranes and is only weakly present in soluble fractions. This study points to a possible important role of calumenin in migration and differentiation of neurons, and/or in Ca2+ signaling between glial cells and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vasiljevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zahedi RP, Völzing C, Schmitt A, Frien M, Jung M, Dudek J, Wortelkamp S, Sickmann A, Zimmermann R. Analysis of the membrane proteome of canine pancreatic rough microsomes identifies a novel Hsp40, termed ERj7. Proteomics 2009; 9:3463-73. [PMID: 19579229 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The rough ER (rER) plays a central role in the biogenesis of most extracellular and many organellar proteins in eukaryotic cells. Cells that are specialized in protein secretion, such as pancreatic cells, are particularly rich in rER. In the process of cell homogenization, the rER is converted into ribosome-studded vesicles, the so-called rough microsomes. Here we report on a membrane proteomic analysis of canine pancreatic rough microsomes. Special emphasis was placed on components involved in the various aspects of protein biogenesis, such as protein transport, protein folding, protein modification, and protein degradation. Our results indicate that the Hsp70-chaperone network that is present in the pancreatic ER is even more complex than previously thought, and suggest that the pancreatic rER has a significant capacity for protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René P Zahedi
- Department of Bioanalytics, Institute for Analytical Sciences (ISAS), Dortmund, Germany
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Honoré B. The rapidly expanding CREC protein family: members, localization, function, and role in disease. Bioessays 2009; 31:262-77. [PMID: 19260022 DOI: 10.1002/bies.200800186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although many aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms remain unknown, recent advances in our knowledge suggest that the CREC proteins are promising disease biomarkers or targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases. The CREC family of low affinity, Ca2+-binding, multiple EF-hand proteins are encoded by five genes, RCN1, RCN2, RCN3, SDF4, and CALU, resulting in reticulocalbin, ER Ca2+-binding protein of 55 kDa (ERC-55), reticulocalbin-3, Ca2+-binding protein of 45 kDa (Cab45), and calumenin. Alternative splicing increases the number of gene products. The proteins are localized in the cytosol, in various parts of the secretory pathway, secreted to the extracellular space or localized on the cell surface. The emerging functions appear to be highly diverse. The proteins interact with several different ligands. Rather well-described functions are attached to calumenin with the inhibition of several proteins in the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, the vitamin K(1) 2,3-epoxide reductase, the gamma-carboxylase, the ryanodine receptor, and the Ca2+-transporting ATPase. Other functions concern participation in the secretory process, chaperone activity, signal transduction as well as participation in a large variety of disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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