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Irshad K, Akash MSH, Rehman K, Nadeem A, Shahzad A. Biosynthesis and Multifaceted Characterization of Breynia nivosa-Derived Silver Nanoparticles: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Biomedical Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15383-15400. [PMID: 38585127 PMCID: PMC10993374 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using the methanolic extract of Breynia nivosa. Initial phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. Further characterization through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses identified a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including hydroquinone, stearic acid, neophytadiene, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z), methyl ester, and others. The addition of B. nivosa methanolic extract to an AgNO3 solution resulted in a color change, confirming the green synthesis of Ag-NPs through the reduction of AgNO3, as made evident by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis provided valuable insights into the crystal structure, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis visualized the predominantly spherical shape of the Ag-NPs. However, the zeta (ζ)-potential and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses confirmed the stability and nanoscale dimensions of the synthesized Ag-NPs. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra exhibited peaks indicative of various functional groups, including carboxylic acids, phenols, alkanes, and isocyanates. These functional groups played a crucial role in both the reduction and capping processes of the Ag-NPs. The study further explored the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and α-amylase inhibition activities of the Ag-NPs of the B. nivosa extract, demonstrating their potential for biomedical and therapeutic applications. In conclusion, this environmentally sustainable synthesis of Ag-NPs from the B. nivosa extract, enriched with bioactive secondary metabolites detected through HPLC and GC-MS analysis, holds promise for diverse applications in the burgeoning field of green nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Irshad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government
College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | | | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Shahzad
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kunming
Medical University, Yunnan 650031, China
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Khursheed S, Dutta J, Ahmad I, Rather MA, Badroo IA, Bhat TA, Ahmad I, Amin A, Shah A, Qadri T, Habib H. Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, applications and challenges in food sector with special emphasis on aquaculture. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101051. [PMID: 38144846 PMCID: PMC10740048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture, a rapidly expanding global food sector faces challenges like pathogenic infections, water quality management and sustainability. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as promising tools in aquaculture due to their antimicrobial, antiviral and antifungal properties. AgNPs offer alternatives to traditional antimicrobial agents. Their small size and unique physicochemical properties enhance antimicrobial activity, effectively inhibiting pathogen growth and reducing disease incidence in aquatic organisms. Additionally, AgNPs can improve water quality by catalyzing the removal of pollutants, heavy metals and nutrients, reducing environmental impacts. Despite their potential benefits, several challenges and knowledge gaps exist in the utilization of AgNPs in aquaculture. Addressing challenges related to regulation, sustainability and environmental impact will be crucial for realizing their full potential in the industry. Therefore, the present review aims to provide insight into the role of AgNPs, its challenges in aquaculture and also highlights key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khursheed
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries Ganderbal, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Ishtiyaq Ahmad
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries Ganderbal, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Rather
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries Ganderbal, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Irfan Ashraf Badroo
- Government Degree College Women Sopore, Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir 193201, India
| | - Tashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries Ganderbal, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Adnan Amin
- Division of Aquatic Environmental Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Rangil, Ganderbal, SKUAST-Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Azra Shah
- Division of Fish Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Fisheries Ganderbal, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Tahiya Qadri
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir 190025, India
| | - Huraiya Habib
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Bala R, Pareek B, Umar A, Arora S, Singh D, Chaudhary A, Alkhanjaf AAM, Almadiy AA, Algadi H, Kumar R, Jaswal VS, Baskoutas S. In-vitro cytotoxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles against L-6 cell-lines: MMP, MTT and ROS studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114257. [PMID: 36084676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using Rhododendron arboretum (flower) (RNi), Tinospora cordifolia (stems) (GNi), Corylus jacquemontii (seeds) (CNi), and Nardostachys jatamansi (roots) (NNi) extracts by co-precipitation method. The synthesized NiO NPs were characterized in detail in terms of their morphological, crystalline nature, structural and antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines. Morphological studies confirmed the formation of nanoparticles, while the structural and compositional characterization revealed the well-crystallinity and high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. For biological applications and cytotoxicity examinations of the synthesized NPs, the rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines were subjected to study. By detailed cytotoxic investigations, it was observed that among the four kinds of NiO NPs prepared through different plant extracts, the Tinospora cordifolia (stems) showed strong antiproliferative activity against rat skeletal myoblast (L-6) cell lines and the calculated IC50 was 1.671 mg/mL. The observed antiproliferative activity towards different NiO NPs were in the order of GNi > NNi > RNi > CNi. The present studies demonstrate that simply synthesized NiO can efficiently be used as antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Bala
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, India
| | - Bhawna Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronics Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Ashun Chaudhary
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, India
| | - Abdulrab Ahmed M Alkhanjaf
- Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman A Almadiy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Algadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, India; Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vivek Sheel Jaswal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, India; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, India.
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece
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Sundar G, Joseph J, Chellamma P, John A, Abraham A. Marine collagen polymeric sponge impregnated with phyto-silver nanoparticles for burn therapy. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ramzan M, Karobari MI, Heboyan A, Mohamed RN, Mustafa M, Basheer SN, Desai V, Batool S, Ahmed N, Zeshan B. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Extracts of Wild Ginger ( Zingiber zerumbet) with Antibacterial Activity against Selective Multidrug Resistant Oral Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27062007. [PMID: 35335369 PMCID: PMC8949094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance rate is rising worldwide. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are potent for fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR), independently or synergistically. The purpose of this study was to prepare AgNPs using wild ginger extracts and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of these AgNPs against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis. AgNPs were synthesized using wild ginger extracts at room temperature through different parameters for optimization, i.e., pH and variable molar concentration. Synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV/visible spectroscopy and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (EDXA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Disc and agar well diffusion techniques were utilized to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of plant extracts and AgNPs. The surface plasmon resonance peaks in absorption spectra for silver suspension showed the absorption maxima in the range of 400–420 nm. Functional biomolecules such as N–H, C–H, O–H, C–O, and C–O–C were present in Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbet) (aqueous and organic extracts) responsible for the AgNP formation characterized by FTIR. The crystalline structure of ZZAE-AgCl-NPs and ZZEE-AgCl-NPs was displayed in the XRD analysis. SEM analysis revealed the surface morphology. The EDXA analysis also confirmed the element of silver. It was revealed that AgNPs were seemingly spherical in morphology. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited complete antibacterial activity against the tested MDR bacterial strains. This study indicates that AgNPs of wild ginger extracts exhibit potent antibacterial activity against MDR bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ramzan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh 12211, Cambodia
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Str. Koryun 2, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (B.Z.)
| | - Roshan Noor Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Mustafa
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Nahid Basheer
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Vijay Desai
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Al Jurf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Salma Batool
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Basit Zeshan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan; (M.R.); (S.B.)
- Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan Campus, Locked Bag No. 3, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.I.K.); (A.H.); (B.Z.)
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Banna AHE, Youssef FS, Elzorba HY, Soliman AM, Mohamed GG, Ismail SH, Mousa MR, Elbanna HA, Osman AS. Evaluation of the wound healing effect of neomycin-silver nano-composite gel in rats. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221113486. [PMID: 35816452 PMCID: PMC9277443 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221113486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Both nano silver and neomycin have wound healing properties. Silver nanoparticles have been used as main compounds for therapeutic drug delivery systems against various ailments. The present study aimed to prepare a neomycin silver nano-composite gel easily, rapidly, and cheaply method to improve wound healing. Methods: Forty-five Wistar rats (150-200 g) divided into nine groups: wound untreated, wound fusidic acid treated, wound neomycin treated, three groups with wound and neomycin silver nano-composite gel at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 concentrations, respectively, and three groups wound treated silver nano gel at the previous concentrations, respectively. Percentages of wound healing and histopathological examination of the wound area were assessed in all groups. Results: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images demonstrated the spherical shape of neomycin silver nano-composite gel without aggregation but homogenous dispersion in a gel matrix. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed a 4 nm size of nano silver, which agrees with AFM image data analysis but not with TEM image due to the good coating of the gel matrix to silver nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering Zeta potential was -21 mV, illustrating the high bioactivity of the neomycin silver nano-composite. The groups receiving neomycin silver nano-composite gel showed a significantly higher and dose dependent wound healing compared to other treatment groups. Conclusion: The present work confirmed the potential wound healing activity of neomycin silver nano-composite gel compared to either alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hossni El Banna
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fady Sayed Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehad Genidy Mohamed
- Faculty of Nanotechnology for postgraduate studies - Cairo University- Sheikh Zayed Branch Campus, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameh Hamed Ismail
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Refaat Mousa
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Afaf Sayed Osman
- Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Jordan
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Abo El-Maaty HA, El-Khateeb AY, Al-Khalaifah H, El Hamed ESA, Hamed S, El-Said EA, Mahrose KM, Metwally K, Mansour AM. Effects of ecofriendly synthesized calcium nanoparticles with biocompatible Sargassum latifolium algae extract supplementation on egg quality and scanning electron microscopy images of the eggshell of aged laying hens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:675-684. [PMID: 33518121 PMCID: PMC7858089 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 200 Brown commercial egg-type layers (60 wk old) were used to study the effects of different levels of ecofriendly synthesis of calcium (Ca) nanoparticles (0.0, 0.50, 1.0, and 1.5 g/kg diet) with biocompatible Sargassum latifolium algae extract (SL-CaNps) on exterior egg quality traits, electronic microscopic view of eggshells, Ca and phosphorus (P) retention, serum Ca and P concentrations, and the histology of the uterus. Hens fed with dietary SL-CaNps powder had higher egg weight and shell weight % values than those of the control group. All SL-CaNps treatment groups had the greatest values of shell weight per unit surface area and shell thickness. Dietary supplementation of SL-CaNps at graded levels up to 1.5 g/kg diet had higher serum Ca and inorganic P levels than that of the control. Laying hens fed with SL-CaNps-added diets had beneficial effects on shell ultrastructure in terms of well-developed palisade and mammillary layers. The numbers of apical cells along the branched tubular gland were greater in SL-CaNps-treated groups than those of control. Conclusively, supplementing SL-CaNps powder up to 1.5 g/kg to the diet of laying hens improved eggshell thickness, shell weight% and shell weight per unit surface and has no adverse effect on their eggshell quality or electronic microscopic view of their eggshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam A Abo El-Maaty
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture College, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ayman Y El-Khateeb
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - El-Sayed A El Hamed
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries in Hurghada, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Sahar Hamed
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Damietta University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Said
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture College, Damietta University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Mahrose
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Khaled Metwally
- Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amira M Mansour
- Poultry Production Department, Agriculture College, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Al-Dahmash ND, Al-Ansari MM, Al-Otibi FO, Singh AR. Frankincense, an aromatic medicinal exudate of Boswellia carterii used to mediate silver nanoparticle synthesis: Evaluation of bacterial molecular inhibition and its pathway. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ijaz M, Zafar M, Iqbal T. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using various extracts: a review. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1808680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ijaz
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Maria Zafar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Hameed S, Ali Shah S, Iqbal J, Numan M, Muhammad W, Junaid M, Shah S, Khurshid R, Umer F. Cannabis sativa-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their biomedical properties. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safia Hameed
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ali Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wali Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Shah
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Razia Khurshid
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Umer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Pakistan
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Youssef FS, El-Banna HA, Elzorba HY, Galal AM. Application of some nanoparticles in the field of veterinary medicine. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019; 7:78-93. [PMID: 32010725 PMCID: PMC6968591 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2019.1691379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a fast-growing technology that plays an important great impact on various fields of therapeutic applications. It is capable for solving several problems related to animal health and production. There are different nano-systems such as liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, polymeric nanospheres, functionalized fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, polymer-coated nanocrystals and nanoshells. In this review, we mentioned different methods for the preparation and characterization of nanoparticles. This review is concerned mainly on nanoparticle systems for antibiotic delivery which suffer from poor bioavailability and many side effects. Nanoparticles are characterized by many features include their minimal size, colossal surface zone to mass extent. The development of antimicrobials in nanoparticle systems is considered an excellent alternative delivery system for antimicrobials for the treatment of microbial diseases by increasing therapeutic effect and overcoming the side effects. In this paper, we reviewed some antimicrobial nanoparticle preparations and we focused on florfenicol and neomycin nanoparticle preparations as well as chitosan and silver nanoparticles preparations to prepare, characterize and compare their different pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Sayed Youssef
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossny Awad El-Banna
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Mohamed Galal
- Pharmacology department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Nazer S, Andleeb S, Ali S, Gulzar N, Iqbal T, Khan MAR, Raza A. Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Biogenic Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Ajuga bractosa with Standard Antibiotics: A Study Against Bacterial Pathogens. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:206-218. [PMID: 31573882 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191001123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is a major concern of today. Green synthesis technology is being used to cure infectious diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of the current research was to analyze the antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Ajuga bracteosa. METHODS Extract of A. bracteosa was prepared by maceration technique. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using A. bracteosa extract and were confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial, anti-biofilm, cell proliferation inhibition, TLC-Bioautography, TLC-Spot screening, antioxidant, and phytochemical screening were also investigated. RESULTS UV-Vis spectrum and Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of green nanoparticles at 400 nm with tube-like structures. FTIR spectrum showed that functional groups of nanoparticles have a role in capping and stability of AgNP. Agar well diffusion assay represented the maximum antibacterial effect of ABAgNPs against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 0.10 g/mL concentration compared to ABaqu. Two types of interactions among nanoparticles, aqueous extract, and antibiotics (Synergistic and additive) were recorded against tested pathogens. Crystal violet, MTT, TLC-bio-autography, and spot screening supported the findings of the antibacterial assay. Highest antioxidant potential effect in ABaqu was 14.62% (DPPH) and 13.64% (ABTS) while 4.85% (DPPH) and 4.86% (ABTS) was recorded in ABAgNPs. Presence of phytochemical constituents showed pharmacological importance. CONCLUSION It was concluded that green synthesis is an innovative technology in which natural products are conjugated with metallic particles and are used against infectious pathogens. The current research showed the significant use of green nanoparticles against etiological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nazer
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Gulzar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A R Khan
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute for Lasers and Optronics (NILOP), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Eco-Friendly Biosynthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Okra Plant Extract and Investigation of Their Photocatalytic, Magnetic, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties. J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Ejaz K, Sadia H, Zia G, Nazir S, Raza A, Ali S, Iqbal T, Andleeb S. Biofilm reduction, cell proliferation, anthelmintic and cytotoxicity effect of green synthesised silver nanoparticle using Artemisia vulgaris extract. IET Nanobiotechnol 2017; 12:71-77. [PMCID: PMC8676192 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2017.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by etiological agents. Nanotechnology has been used to minimise the effect of clinical pathogens which have resistance to antibiotics. In current research synthesis, characterisation and biological activities of green synthesised nanoparticles using Artemisia vulgaris extract have been done. The characterisation of AgNPs was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy. Anti‐biofilm, cell viability, antibacterial, brine shrimp lethality, and deoxyribonucleic acid protection effects have been screened. UV‐Vis spectra showed the absorption peak of synthesised nanoparticles at 400 nm. FT‐IR indicated the involvement of the functional group in the preparation of AgNPs. SEM showed the spherical shape of AgNPs with 30 nm diameter. Biological screening results revealed the antibacterial effect against clinical bacterial pathogens. Biofilm reduction and cell viability assay also supported the antibacterial effect. Cytotoxicity effect was recorded as 100% at 200 μg/ml through brine shrimp lethality assay. Protein kinase inhibition zones recorded for AgNPs (16 mm bald) compared with A. vulgaris extract (11 mm bald). It has been concluded that green synthesised AgNPs are more effective against infectious pathogens and could be used as a potential source for therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Ejaz
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Ghazna Zia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Nazir
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Abida Raza
- National Institute for Lasers and Optronics (NILOP)Pakistan Atomic Energy CommissionIslamabadPakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Microbial Biotechnology and Medical Toxicology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of Azad Jammu and KashmirMuzaffarabad13100Pakistan
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15
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Mutluq Alkammash N. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Artemisia sieberiand Calotropis procera Medical Plant Extracts and their Characterization using SEM Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The synthesis, characterization and application of biologically synthesized nanomaterials have become important research areas in nanotechnology, and the green synthesis of nanoparticles using plants is being increasingly studied largely because this approach is considered to lack the problems associated with conventional synthesis. Here we report the synthesis and characterization (using a scanning electron microscope) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained using extracts of leaves of the medicinal plants, Artemisia sieberi and Calotropis procera. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed the characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles which were confirmed by analyzing the excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) using UV–vis spectrophotometer at 482 nm. SEM analysis of the synthesized Ag NPs clearly showed that the particles were predominantly spherical in shape, mostly aggregated and having a size around 8–20 nm. Finally, we consider that the nanoparticles synthesized in this study have potential for wide application in nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Mutluq Alkammash
- 1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Abalkhil TA, Alharbi SA, Salmen SH, Wainwright M. Bactericidal activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against human pathogenic bacteria. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1267594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tarad Abdulaziz Abalkhil
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Hussein Salmen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Milton Wainwright
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Mangrove Helps: Sonneratia alba-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Magnify Guppy Fish Predation Against Aedes aegypti Young Instars and Down-Regulate the Expression of Envelope (E) Gene in Dengue Virus (Serotype DEN-2). J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Arokiyaraj S, Vincent S, Saravanan M, Lee Y, Oh YK, Kim KH. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rheum palmatum root extract and their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:372-379. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1160403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Institute of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Savariar Vincent
- Centre for Environmental Research and Development, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Yoonseok Lee
- Institute of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Oh
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Institute of Green Bioscience and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
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19
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Biogenic synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Indoneesiella echioides: in vitro assessment on antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity potential. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Salar RK, Sharma P, Kumar N. Enhanced antibacterial activity of streptomycin against some human pathogens using green synthesized silver nanoparticles. RESOURCE-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reffit.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Kagithoju S, Godishala V, Nanna RS. Eco-friendly and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Strychnos potatorum Linn.F. and their bactericidal activities. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:709-714. [PMID: 28324525 PMCID: PMC4569634 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is evolving as an important branch of nanotechnology. Traditionally these are manufactured by wet chemical methods which require toxic and flammable chemicals. We report for the first time an economic and eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Strychnos potatorum aqueous leaf extract from 3 mM silver nitrate solution. Nanoparticles thus formed are confirmed and characterized by using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, SEM and XRD measurements. The XRD and SEM analysis showed the average particle size of nanoparticles as 28 nm as well as revealed their (mixed, i.e., cubic and hexagonal) structure. Further, these green synthesized nanoparticles showed bactericidal activity against multidrug-resistant human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Kagithoju
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506 009, India
| | - Vikram Godishala
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506 009, India
| | - Rama Swamy Nanna
- Department of Biotechnology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, 506 009, India.
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Mashwani ZUR, Khan T, Khan MA, Nadhman A. Synthesis in plants and plant extracts of silver nanoparticles with potent antimicrobial properties: current status and future prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9923-34. [PMID: 26392135 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6987-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extracts of Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum and Study of Its Antibacterial Effect against Common Nosocomial Pathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1155/2015/928204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bionanotechnology has emerged up as integration between biotechnology and nanotechnology for developing biosynthetic and environmental friendly technology for synthesis of nanomaterials. Silver has been known to have effective bactericidal properties for centuries. Nowadays, silver based topical dressings have been widely used as a treatment for infection in burns, open wounds, and chronic ulcer. As the pathogenic organisms are getting evolved day by day due to mutation and gaining antibiotic resistance, an important industrial sector of nanoscience deals with the preparation and study of nanoparticles in antibacterial clothing, burn ointments, and coating for medical device. The size of nanomaterials is much smaller than that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful in both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research application. The purpose of the study is to synthesize and characterize the plant mediated silver nanoparticles using Clitoria ternatea and Solanum nigrum. Further investigation of the shape and size of nanoparticle was done by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic studies. A silver nanoparticle at different concentration was assessed for its antibacterial effect, against various nosocomial pathogens.
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Biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from fruit extract of Syzygium alternifolium (Wt.) Walp. an endemic, endangered medicinal tree taxon. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-015-0428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from stem bark of Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston: an important medicinal plant and evaluation of their antimicrobial efficacy. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-014-0380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Park Y. New paradigm shift for the green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles utilizing plant extracts. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:169-78. [PMID: 25343010 PMCID: PMC4206743 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review covers general information regarding the green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Owing to their antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles are widely used in many areas, especially biomedical applications. In green synthesis practices, the chemical reducing agents are eliminated, and biological entities are utilized to convert silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Among the various biological entities, natural plant extracts have emerged as green reducing agents, providing eco-friendly routes for the preparation of silver nanomaterials. The most obvious merits of green synthesis are the increased biocompatibility of the resulting silver nanoparticles and the ease with which the reaction can be carried out. This review summarizes some of the plant extracts that are used to produce antibacterial silver nanoparticles. Additionally, background information regarding the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is provided. Finally, the toxicological aspects of silver nanoparticles are briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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27
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Abstract
In this work, silver nanoparticles have been successfully prepared with a simple, cost-effective and reproducible aqueous room temperature green synthesis method. Honey was chosen as the eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent replacing most reported reducing agents such as hydrazine, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and dimethyl formamide (DMF) which are highly reactive chemicals but also pose a biological risk to the society and environment. The size and shape of silver nanoparticles were modulated by varying the honey concentration and pH of the aqueous solution that contain silver nitrate as the silver precursor, sodium hydroxide as the pH regulator and ethylene glycol as the solvent. The silver nanoparticles obtained are characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From SEM analysis, it was found that by increasing the concentration of honey, the size of silver nanoparticles produced decreased, from the range of 18.98 nm - 26.05 nm for 10 g of honey to 15.63 nm - 17.86 nm for 40 g of honey. Similarly, the particle size decreased as the pH of the aqueous solution increased. UV-Vis spectra revealed large anisotropic and polydispersed Ag nanoparticle were produced.
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K. Verma A, Singh V, Vikas P. Application of Nanotechnology as a Tool in Animal Products Processing and Marketing: An Overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajft.2012.445.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Yadav S, Kumari A, Kumar V. Nanotechnology: A Tool to Enhance Therapeutic Values of Natural Plant Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/tmr.2012.34.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Singh Sekh B. Nanoprobes and Their Applications in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjnn.2012.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Prasad Raj BD, Mallikarju K, Dillip G, Narasimha G, Sushma NJ. Phytofabrication and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Piper betle Broth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/rjnn.2012.17.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Kannan N, Subbalaxmi S. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Bacillus subtillus IA751 and its Antimicrobial Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/rjnn.2011.87.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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