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Baig MW, Ahmed M, Akhtar N, Okla MK, Nasir B, Haq IU, Al-Ghamdi J, Al-Qahtani WH, AbdElgawad H. Caralluma tuberculata N.E.Br Manifests Extraction Medium Reliant Disparity in Phytochemical and Pharmacological Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247530. [PMID: 34946613 PMCID: PMC8703747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility of phytoconstituents depends on the polarity of the extraction medium used, which might result in the different pharmacological responses of extracts. In line with this, ethnomedicinally important food plant (i.e., Caralluma tuberculata extracts) have been made in fourteen distinct solvent systems that were then analyzed phytochemically via total phenolic amount estimation, total flavonoid amount estimation, and HPLC detection and quantification of the selected polyphenols. Test extracts were then subjected to a battery of in vitro assays i.e., antioxidants (DDPH scavenging, antioxidant capacity, and reducing power estimation), antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and antileishmanial), cytotoxic (brine shrimps, THP-1 human leukemia cell lines and normal lymphocytes), and protein kinase inhibition assays. Maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were computed in distilled water–acetone and acetone extracts (i.e., 16 ± 1 μg/mg extract and 8 ± 0.4/mg extract, respectively). HPLC-DAD quantified rutin (0.58 µg/mg extract) and gallic acid (0.4 µg/mg extract) in methanol–ethyl acetate and methanol extracts, respectively. Water–acetone extract exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging of 36 ± 1%. Total reducing potential of 76.0 ± 1 μg/mg extract was shown by ethanol chloroform while maximum total antioxidant capacity was depicted by the acetone extract (92.21 ± 0.70 μg/mg extract). Maximal antifungal effect against Mucor sp., antileishmanial, brine shrimp cytotoxicity, THP-1 cell line cytotoxicity, and protein kinase inhibitory activities were shown by ethyl acetate-methanol (MIC: 50 µg/disc), n-hexane (IC50: 120.8 ± 3.7 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (LD50: 29.94 ± 1.6 µg/mL), distilled water–acetone (IC50: 118 ± 3.4 µg/mL) and methanol–chloroform (ZOI: 19 ± 1 mm) extracts, respectively. Our findings show the dependency of phytochemicals and bioactivities on the polarity of the extraction solvent and our preliminary screening suggests the C. tuberculata extract formulations to be tested and used in different ailments, however, detailed studies remain necessary for corroboration with our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Madiha Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Ihsan-Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.W.B.); (M.A.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +92-51-90644143
| | - Jihan Al-Ghamdi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.O.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
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Tanprasertsuk J, Tate DE, Shmalberg J. Roles of plant-based ingredients and phytonutrients in canine nutrition and health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:586-613. [PMID: 34495560 PMCID: PMC9291198 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Dogs possess the ability to obtain essential nutrients, established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), from both animal‐ and plant‐based ingredients. There has been a recent increase in the popularity of diets that limit or completely exclude certain plant‐based ingredients. Examples of these diets include ‘ancestral’ or ‘evolutionary’ diets, raw meat‐based diets and grain‐free diets. As compared to animal sources, plant‐derived ingredients (including vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds) provide many non‐essential phytonutrients with some data suggesting they confer health benefits. This review aims to assess the strength of current evidence on the relationship between the consumption of plant‐based foods and phytonutrients (such as plant‐derived carotenoids, polyphenols and phytosterols) and biomarkers of health and diseases (such as body weight/condition, gastrointestinal health, immune health, cardiovascular health, visual function and cognitive function) from clinical trials and epidemiological studies. This review highlights the potential nutritional and health benefits of including plant‐based ingredients as a part of balanced canine diets. We also highlight current research gaps in existing studies and provide future research directions to inform the impact of incorporating plant‐based ingredients in commercial or home‐prepared diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin Shmalberg
- NomNomNow Inc, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Bhagwat VG, Balamurugan E, Rangesh P. Cocktail of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives in the poultry industry: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:364-371. [PMID: 33776301 PMCID: PMC7994118 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.364-371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article delineates the role of chelated minerals and phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) cocktail supplementation in improving the overall health status and production performance of poultry birds and its economic effects in the poultry industry. Organically complexed minerals have many advantages over inorganic sources. It has improved absorption and efficacy, which meets the bird's requirements comfortably with a low-dose level. Hence, inorganic forms can be replaced with lower-dose levels of organic minerals without any adverse effects on production performances in broilers and layers. PFAs possess medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, adaptogenic, and immunomodulatory, therefore, could be recommended as supplements. They are also growth promoters that enhance the overall health status and augment poultry birds' production performance. Furthermore, the tremendous potential of PFAs could be extracted with the recent advances in science and technology. With the advantages of organically complexed minerals and multiple beneficial applications, there is a resurgence to develop PFAs as a cocktail of organic minerals to improve the overall health status of poultry birds and augment their productivity, which, in turn, helps the poultry industry to grow decisively and economically.
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Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of marbofloxacin in combination with methyl gallate against Salmonella Typhimurium in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234211. [PMID: 32497083 PMCID: PMC7272065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium is becoming a major concern. Hence, an intervention to limit the growth in resistance is inevitable. One way to combat this challenge is through combination therapy. The combination of antibiotics with phytochemicals has become an ideal means of preventing antimicrobial resistance. Recently, in an in vitro study, the combination of methyl gallate (MG) with marbofloxacin (MAR) has shown to prevent Salmonella Typhimurium invasion. It is also worth to study the effects of plant extracts on the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of MG on the pharmacokinetics of MAR and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics integration of MG and MAR. The micro-broth dilution method was used to obtain the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) of MAR and MG. Whereas, the pharmacokinetic was conducted in rats by administering either MAR alone or combined with MG through oral and/or intravenous routes. The results indicated that the MIC of MAR and MG against standard strain Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) was 0.031 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The FICindex of the combination of MAR and MG was 0.5. For orally administered drugs, the Cmax and AUC24h of MAR were 1.04 and 0.78 μg/mL and 5.98 and 6.11 h.μg/mL when MAR was given alone and in combination with MG, respectively. The intravenous administration of MAR showed a half-life of 3.8 and 3.9 h; a clearance rate of 1.1 and 0.73 L/h/kg and a volume of distribution of 5.98 and 4.13 L/kg for MAR alone and in combination with MG, respectively. The AUC24/MIC for MAR alone and in combination with MG was 192.8 and 381.9 h, respectively. In conclusion, MG has shown to increase the antimicrobial activity of MAR in vitro and ex vivo experiments without affecting the pharmacokinetics of MAR in rats.
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Anand U, Jacobo-Herrera N, Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N. A Comprehensive Review on Medicinal Plants as Antimicrobial Therapeutics: Potential Avenues of Biocompatible Drug Discovery. Metabolites 2019; 9:E258. [PMID: 31683833 PMCID: PMC6918160 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The war on multidrug resistance (MDR) has resulted in the greatest loss to the world's economy. Antibiotics, the bedrock, and wonder drug of the 20th century have played a central role in treating infectious diseases. However, the inappropriate, irregular, and irrational uses of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. This has resulted in an increased interest in medicinal plants since 30-50% of current pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals are plant-derived. The question we address in this review is whether plants, which produce a rich diversity of secondary metabolites, may provide novel antibiotics to tackle MDR microbes and novel chemosensitizers to reclaim currently used antibiotics that have been rendered ineffective by the MDR microbes. Plants synthesize secondary metabolites and phytochemicals and have great potential to act as therapeutics. The main focus of this mini-review is to highlight the potential benefits of plant derived multiple compounds and the importance of phytochemicals for the development of biocompatible therapeutics. In addition, this review focuses on the diverse effects and efficacy of herbal compounds in controlling the development of MDR in microbes and hopes to inspire research into unexplored plants with a view to identify novel antibiotics for global health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering (MCE), Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering (JIBB), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
| | - Nadia Jacobo-Herrera
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Av. Vasco de Quiroga 15. Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI. C.P. Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Ammar Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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Brnawi WI, Hettiarachchy NS, Horax R, Kumar‐Phillips G, Ricke S. Antimicrobial activity of leaf and bark cinnamon essential oils against
Listeria monocytogenes
and
Salmonella typhimurium
in broth system and on celery. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa I. Brnawi
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | | | - Ronny Horax
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
| | | | - Steven Ricke
- Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas
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TP R, RS R, A K, TR A, GVPPS RK, K K, YS M, K D, RK S. PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF Arcobacter butzleri AND Arcobacter skirrowii ISOLATES AND THEIR DETECTION FROM CONTAMINATED VEGETABLES BY MULTIPLEX PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18006/2018.6(2).307.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu H, Wang Y, Chen H, Tang M. Influence of Rhizoglomus irregulare on nutraceutical quality and regeneration of Lycium barbarum leaves under salt stress. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:365-374. [PMID: 28177791 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi augment the nutraceutical quality of crops under salt stress is critical as a potential agronomic practice in salinized farmland. To evaluate the effect of Rhizoglomus irregulare on the nutraceutical quality of Lycium barbarum leaves under salt stress, we analyzed growth parameters and the rutin, polysaccharide, acidic polysaccharide, and amino acids contents of 2 harvests. Inoculation of R. irregulare significantly increased the regenerated bud number (partial eta squared (PES) = 0.577, P < 0.0001) and rutin concentration (PES = 0.544, P < 0.001) of L. barbarum leaves, with and without salt stress. The biomass of the 2nd harvest (PES = 0.355, P = 0.0091) and acidic polysaccharide (PES = 0.518, P = 0.001) of L. barbarum leaves were notably enhanced by R. irregulare under 200 mmol/L salt level. Rhizoglomus irregulare had insignificant effect on polysaccharide (PES = 0.092, P = 0.221) and amino acids levels (PES = 0.263, P = 0.130) in the leaves of L. barbarum. However, inoculation by R. irregulare decreased proline level (PES = 0.761, P = 0.001) in the leaves of L. barbarum when subjected to salt stress. Taken together, these results indicate that R. irregulare significantly improved the nutraceutical quality and facilitated the sustainable production of L. barbarum leaves exposed to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.,b College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- c National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Chen
- d College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Tang
- d College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Germinated and Ungerminated Seeds Extract from Two Lupinus Species: Biological Compounds Characterization and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:7638542. [PMID: 28090213 PMCID: PMC5206418 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7638542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nutraceuticals attracted a great amount of attention in the biomedical research due to their significant contribution as natural agents for prevention of various health issues. Ethanolic extracts from the ungerminated and germinated seeds of Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus angustifolius L. were analyzed for the content in isoflavones (genistein) and cinnamic acid derivatives. Additionally, the extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, using in vitro and in vivo tests. Germination proved to be a method of choice in increasing the amount of genistein and cinnamic acid derivatives in both Lupinus albus L. and Lupinus angustifolius L. seeds. Biological evaluation of all vegetal extracts revealed a weak therapeutic potential for both ungerminated and germinated seeds.
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Iheshiulo EMA, Abbey L, Asiedu SK. Response of Kale to Single-Dose Application of K Humate, Dry Vermicasts, and Volcanic Minerals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19315260.2016.1219437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hac ME, Dhama K. Nutritional and Healthical Aspects of Spirulina (Arthrospira) for Poultry, Animals and Human. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.36.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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El-Hack MEA, Mahgoub SA, Alagawany M, Dhama K. Influences of Dietary Supplementation of Antimicrobial Cold Pressed Oils Mixture on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microflora of Growing Japanese Quails. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.689.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhama K, Saminathan M, Jacob SS, Singh M, Karthik K, . A, Tiwari R, Sunkara LT, Malik YS, Singh RK. Effect of Immunomodulation and Immunomodulatory Agents on Health with some Bioactive Principles, Modes of Action and Potent Biomedical Applications. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.253.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Mani S, Samad HA, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Khan RU, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Alam GM, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Multiple Beneficial Applications and Modes of Action of Herbs in Poultry Health and Production-A Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.152.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alagawany MM, Farag MR, Dhama K, El-Hack MEA, Tiwari R, Alam GM. Mechanisms and Beneficial Applications of Resveratrol as Feed Additive in Animal and Poultry Nutrition: A Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.213.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhama K, Kesavan M, Karthik K, . A, Tiwari R, Sunkara LT, Singh R. Neuroimmunomodulation Countering Various Diseases, Disorders, Infections, Stress and Aging. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.76.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Khan RU, Naz S, Dhama K, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Jeon GJ, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Modes of Action and Beneficial Applications of Chromium in Poultry Nutrition, Production and Health: A Review. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.357.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ullah Khan R, Naz S, Dhama K. Chromium: Pharmacological Applications in Heat-Stressed Poultry. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.213.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kumar Verm A, Dhama K, Chakrabort S, Kumar A, Tiwari R, Rahal A, . M, Vir Singh S. Strategies for Combating and Eradicating Important Infectious Diseases of Animals with Particular Reference to India: Present and Future Perspectives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2014.77.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakrabort S, Saminathan M, Kumar A, Karthik K, Wani MY, . A, Singh SV, Rahal A. Evidence Based Antibacterial Potentials of Medicinal Plants and Herbs Countering Bacterial Pathogens Especially in the Era of Emerging Drug Resistance: An Integrated Update. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saminathan M, Rai RB, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Chakrabort S, . A, Ranganath GJ, Kannan K. Systematic Review on Anticancer Potential and other Health Beneficial Pharmacological Activities of Novel Medicinal Plant Morinda citrifolia (Noni). INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.462.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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