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Orole OO, Adejumo TO, Link T, Voegele RT. Molecular identification of endophytes from maize roots and their biocontrol potential against toxigenic fungi of Nigerian maize. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231186514. [PMID: 37431272 PMCID: PMC10364792 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231186514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants benefit from plant-associated microorganisms, of which endophytes are of particular interest as they are transmitted from generation to generation. This study characterises endophytes from maize roots and determines their biocontrol potential against toxigenic fungi in Nigerian maize. Maize roots were collected from farms in Lafia, and stored grain samples were collected from the six Northern States of Nigeria, from which endophytes and toxigenic fungal strains were isolated. Molecular identification employing 16SrRNA/internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for isolated fungal endophytes was carried out, and mycotoxins produced by fungi were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Biocontrol activity of the endophytes was determined using the dual culture confrontation test. Aspergillus and Fusarium genera were the prevalent isolated fungal species. Eight fungal endophytes were identified of which Trichoderma harzianum, Dichotomopilus erectus and Burkholderia spp. were the isolates with biocontrol activities, while 12 Aspergillus spp. were found to produce varying amounts of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1, respectively. T. harzianum showed the best inhibition (74%), followed by D. erectus (50%) and Burkholderia spp. (48%). T. harzianum showed poor inhibition of Aspergillus flavus (B7) at 30%. However, results from the Pakdaman Biological Control Index showed that T. harzianum has the best antifungal biocontrol activity of the three endophytes. The study concludes that antifungal biocontrol agents can be sourced from endophytes to obtain indigenous control activities that can check mycotoxin contamination of food and livestock feed, as well as elucidate possible metabolites for agricultural and industrial applications, which will help improve plant performance, increase crop yield and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tobias Link
- Universität Hohenheim, Institut für Phytomedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
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Garcia-Lopez MT, Serrano MS, Camiletti BX, Gordon A, Estudillo C, Trapero A, Diez CM, Moral J. Study of the competition between Colletotrichum godetiae and C. nymphaeae, two pathogenic species in olive. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5344. [PMID: 37005485 PMCID: PMC10067957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive anthracnose, a critical olive fruit disease that adversely impacts oil quality, is caused by Colletotrichum species. A dominant Colletotrichum species and several secondary species have been identified in each olive-growing region. This study surveys the interspecific competition between C. godetiae, dominant in Spain, and C. nymphaeae, prevalent in Portugal, to shed light on the cause of this disparity. When Petri-dishes of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and diluted PDA were co-inoculated with spore mixes produced by both species, C. godetiae displaced C. nymphaeae, even if the percentage of spores in the initial spore mix inoculation was just 5 and 95%, respectively. The C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae species showed similar fruit virulence in separate inoculations in both cultivars, the Portuguese cv. Galega Vulgar and the Spanish cv. Hojiblanca, and no cultivar specialization was observed. However, when olive fruits were co-inoculated, the C. godetiae species showed a higher competitive ability and partially displaced the C. nymphaeae species. Furthermore, both Colletotrichum species showed a similar leaf survival rate. Lastly, C. godetiae was more resistant to metallic copper than C. nymphaeae. The work developed here allows a deeper understanding of the competition between C. godetiae and C. nymphaeae, which could lead to developing strategies for more efficient disease risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Garcia-Lopez
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - M Socorro Serrano
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Boris X Camiletti
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California-Davis, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
| | - Ana Gordon
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Cristina Estudillo
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Trapero
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Diez
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Moral
- Department of Agronomy, Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit, University of Cordoba, Edif. C4, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Cordoba, Spain.
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Nuangmek W, Aiduang W, Kumla J, Lumyong S, Suwannarach N. Evaluation of a Newly Identified Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma phayaoense for Plant Growth Promotion and Biological Control of Gummy Stem Blight and Wilt of Muskmelon. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634772. [PMID: 33746927 PMCID: PMC7973005 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gummy stem blight and wilt are known to cause enormous losses to the global production of muskmelon (Cucumis melo). In this study, the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) was investigated for the inhibition of mycelial growth of Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum and Fusarium equiseti. Twenty-one fungal isolates were obtained. The results indicated that a fungal isolate UP-L1I3 displayed the highest percentage in terms of inhibition of the mycelial growth of F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum at 90.80 and 81.60%, respectively. Consequently, this isolate was selected for its potential ability to promote plant growth and control gummy stem blight and wilt in muskmelon seedlings. Morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolate UP-L1I3 was a new species that has been described herein as Trichoderma phayaoense. Pathogenicity test confirmed that F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum were the cause of gummy stem blight and wilt disease in muskmelon seedlings, respectively. However, no disease symptoms were observed in seedlings inoculated with T. phayaoense. It was found that T. phayaoense could be used preventively in muskmelon seedlings that were inoculated with F. equiseti and S. cucurbitacearum, which could then reduce the impact on the disease severity index. T. phayaoense was also effective in improving plant development by increasing plant height, as well as shoot and root dry weight values. Moreover, T. phayaoense could effectively increase weight, diameter, and the circumference and total soluble solid of fruit without having a negative effect on fruit quality parameters. Additionally, T. phayaoense was able to tolerate a commonly applied fungicide (metalaxyl) in recommended dosages for field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wipornpan Nuangmek
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Thailand
| | - Worawoot Aiduang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jaturong Kumla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakarin Suwannarach
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Insight into the Bacterial Endophytic Communities of Peach Cultivars Related to Crown Gall Disease Resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02931-18. [PMID: 30824451 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02931-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens severely impacts the production of peach and other fruit trees. Several peach cultivars are partially resistant to A. tumefaciens, but little is known about the roles of endophytic microbiota in disease resistance. In the present study, the endophytic bacterial communities of resistant and susceptible peach cultivars "Honggengansutao" and "Okinawa" were analyzed using universal 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in parallel with the cultivation and characterization of bacterial isolates. A total of 1,357,088 high-quality sequences representing 3,160 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs; Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes) and 1,200 isolates of 20 genera and 305 distinct ribotypes were collected from peach roots and twigs. It was found that factors including plant developmental stage, cultivar, and A. tumefaciens invasion strongly influenced the peach endophytic communities. The community diversity of endophytic bacteria and the abundance of culturable bacteria were both higher in the roots of the resistant cultivar, particularly after inoculation. Strikingly, the pathogen antagonists Streptomyces and Pseudomonas in roots and Rhizobium in twigs were most frequently detected in resistant plants. Our results suggest that the higher abundance and diversity of endophytic bacteria and increased proportions of antagonistic bacteria might contribute to the natural defense of the resistant cultivar against A. tumefaciens This work reveals the relationships between endophytic bacteria and disease resistance in peach plants and provides important information for microbiome-based biocontrol of crown gall disease in fruit trees.IMPORTANCE Agrobacterium tumefaciens as the causal agent of peach crown gall disease can be controlled by planting resistant cultivars. This study profiles the endophytic bacteria in susceptible and resistant peach cultivars, advancing our understanding of the relationships between endophytic bacterial communities and peach crown gall disease, with potential implications for other complex microbiome-plant-pathogen interactions. The resistant cultivar may defend itself by increasing the diversity and abundance of beneficial endophytic bacteria. The antagonists identified among the genera Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium may have application potential for biocontrol of crown gall disease in fruit trees.
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Su YY, Noireung P, Liu F, Hyde KD, Moslem MA, Bahkali AH, Abd-Elsalam KA, Cai L. Epitypification of Colletotrichum musae, the causative agent of banana anthracnose. MYCOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10267-011-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Churchill ACL. Mycosphaerella fijiensis, the black leaf streak pathogen of banana: progress towards understanding pathogen biology and detection, disease development, and the challenges of control. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2011; 12:307-28. [PMID: 21453427 PMCID: PMC6640443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Banana (Musa spp.) is grown throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The fruits are a key staple food in many developing countries and a source of income for subsistence farmers. Bananas are also a major, multibillion-dollar export commodity for consumption primarily in developed countries, where few banana cultivars are grown. The fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella fijiensis causes black leaf streak disease (BLSD; aka black Sigatoka leaf spot) on the majority of edible banana cultivars grown worldwide. The fact that most of these cultivars are sterile and unsuitable for the breeding of resistant lines necessitates the extensive use of fungicides as the primary means of disease control. BLSD is a significant threat to the food security of resource-poor populations who cannot afford fungicides, and increases the environmental and health hazards where large-acreage monocultures of banana (Cavendish subgroup, AAA genome) are grown for export. TAXONOMY Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. Morelet is a sexual, heterothallic fungus having Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Morelet) Deighton as the anamorph stage. It is a haploid, hemibiotrophic ascomycete within the class Dothideomycetes, order Capnodiales and family Mycosphaerellaceae. Its taxonomic placement is based on DNA phylogeny, morphological analyses and cultural characteristics. DISEASE SYMPTOMS AND HOST RANGE Mycosphaerella fijiensis is a leaf pathogen that causes reddish-brown streaks running parallel to the leaf veins, which aggregate to form larger, dark-brown to black compound streaks. These streaks eventually form fusiform or elliptical lesions that coalesce, form a water-soaked border with a yellow halo and, eventually, merge to cause extensive leaf necrosis. The disease does not kill the plants immediately, but weakens them by decreasing the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, causing a reduction in the quantity and quality of fruit, and inducing the premature ripening of fruit harvested from infected plants. Although Musa spp. are the primary hosts of M. fijiensis, the ornamental plant Heliconia psittacorum has been reported as an alternative host. NEW OPPORTUNITIES Several valuable tools and resources have been developed to overcome some of the challenges of studying this host-pathogen system. These include a DNA-mediated fungal transformation system and the ability to conduct targeted gene disruptions, reliable quantitative plant bioassays, diagnostic probes to detect and differentiate M. fijiensis from related pathogens and to distinguish strains of different mating types, and a genome sequence that has revealed a wealth of gene sequences and molecular markers to be utilized in functional and population biology studies. USEFUL WEBSITES http://bananas.bioversityinternational.org/, http://genome.jgi-psf.org/Mycfi2/Mycfi2.home.html, http://www.isppweb.org/names_banana_pathogen.asp#fun, http://www.promusa.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice C L Churchill
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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