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HAROUNA M, IBRAHIM MAMADOU AK, HAMADOU M, OUSMANE S, ISSA ABDOU K, ALI I, ZAKARI SIDI O. [PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF HUMAN SCABIES IN PRISONS IN DOSSO, NIGER]. MEDECINE TROPICALE ET SANTE INTERNATIONALE 2023; 3:mtsi.v3i3.2023.398. [PMID: 38094487 PMCID: PMC10714598 DOI: 10.48327/mtsi.v3i3.2023.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Scabies is a contagious, pruritic, cosmopolitan dermatosis, widespread especially in human communities, due to parasitism by a mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis A lack of hygiene and overcrowding inside the houses are favourable factors. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of human scabies in the prison environment in Dosso (Niger). Materials and methods Prospective descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in November 2022 in the civil prison of Dosso on authorization of the prison administration. The collected data were sociodemographic characteristics, personal history of pruritus and its characteristics, risk factors related to hygiene and conditions of incarceration, examination performed by a dermatologist to look for clinical signs of scabies. The diagnosis was retained in any inmate presenting one or more elements at the interrogation and at the physical examination. Results Out of a total of 352 inmates, 43 (38 males and 5 females) had scabies, a prevalence of 12%. The average age was 33 with extremes of 18 and 62 years. Of the scabies patients, 9% reported a history of intense, sleepless pruritus prior to incarceration. Most of the inmates, 86%, were in cells with more than 20 inmates. Among those with scabies, 42% showered twice a day, 81% changed clothes after showering and 74% used soap regularly for washing. The topography of the lesions was external genitalia (37%), buttocks (21%), inner thighs (16%), interdigital spaces (9%), elbows (9%) and wrists (7%). The inmates were informed about the disease, treatment information was explained to them, and they attended a session on hygiene promotion. All cases of scabies detected were prescribed a local treatment based on benzyl benzoate lotion 25%. Discussion/conclusion Human scabies is common in the prison environment in Dosso. Too often, scabies goes undetected and is confused with other pruritic dermatoses, such as eczema or atopic dermatitis. Prison medical staff should be trained in scabies in order to prevent scabies outbreaks. The authorities in the region should make the improvement of hygiene and detention conditions in prisons their priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa HAROUNA
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Centre hospitalier régional de Dosso, Niger
| | | | - Mazou HAMADOU
- Service de pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier régional de Maradi, Niger
| | - Saraye OUSMANE
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Hôpital national de Niamey, Niger
| | | | - Inouss ALI
- Service de dermatologie-vénéréologie, Hôpital national Amirou Boubacar Diallo de Niamey, Niger
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Nasirian H, Zahirnia A. Detailed Infestation Spectrums About Biological Stages of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:770-796. [PMID: 33743132 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis review which deals with the degrees and trends of human infestation by biological stages of ticks, the degrees and trends of human infestation by biological stages of ticks in rural and urban areas, the infestation scale of tick attachment sites in body parts of humans, and the degrees of tick infestation in human age groups is critical. Therefore, this systematic meta-analysis review summarizes the above-detailed human infestation spectrums about biological stages of hard ticks. METHODS After a preliminary review from 605 papers representing areas of the study objectives, 96 were selected for detailed human infestation spectrums of biological stages of hard ticks. RESULTS In general, the results suggest that the adult ticks, and mostly females attack humans more than larval and nymphalid ones, and adult males, respectively. Unlike the trends of human infestation by larval and nymphalid stages of ticks, and the adult, male and female ticks which exhibited approximately a sharply decreasing trend, the global trend of human infestation by hard ticks exhibited approximately a sharply increasing trend over time. Ticks attack humans more in rural area than urban area. Also, the trends of human tick infestation in rural and urban areas exhibit, respectively, a sharp increase and decrease trends over time. CONCLUSIONS The majority of ticks mostly attach to human body trunk and extremity than head and neck, and genital area. Ticks attack human age groups of 0-9, 20-39, and 40-59 years more than those aged between 10 and 19 or older than 60 years.
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Kassiri H, Nasirian H. New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:17000-17028. [PMID: 33641105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There are many studies that provide information regarding ticks infesting humans. However, there is no a meta-analysis about the global ranks of tick infestation rates and records, global monthly tick bites and annually and periodically trends of tick infestation rates, and the global tick infestation rates among years, mounts, regions, and countries. The study provides new insights about the above objectives in a global context and therefore performed. After a preliminary review of the 610 papers representing objective areas, 241 were selected for detailed meta-analysis. In general, the global ranks of tick species were, respectively, between 0.01-85.4% and 1-53 for human infestation rates and records. Twenty-six and sixteen tick species have more than 10% and 10 records of human tick infestation rates and records, respectively. It seems these tick species tend to be more blood-feeding on humans and as a result can be more dangerous to humans. The outcome of study demonstrated that there is no difference between seasonal human tick infestation patterns in the northern and southern hemispheres. The most global monthly mean tick bites in humans were observed in June then followed in July, August, May, and September. The global annually and periodically trends of tick infestation rates in humans exhibited decreasing trends over the past decades suggesting the preventive measure to prohibit human tick infestation have been successful. It seems that the ranks of tick infestation rates and records in humans may be as two indexes to illustrate the degree of importance of tick infesting humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Kassiri
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Norouzi R. Sarcoptes Scabiei Infestation in Iran: A Brief Review Report. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.14.2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Nasirian H. New aspects about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases and associated fatality trends: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101429. [PMID: 32062190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most popular tick-borne disease causing by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). There are several valuable reviews considering some fields of the CCHF aspects. While there is no a systematic review about means and trends of CCHF cases and fatality rate, means and trends of CCHF cases and fatality rates of human occupations involved in CCHF. Therefore, this meta-analysis review performed to highlight and provide a global detailed of the above CCHF aspects. Among 398 collected papers, 173 papers were become this meta-analysis review. The study results confirm that an apparent increasing CCHF cases occurred through the past decades. The trends of annually and periodically CCHF cases and fatality rates were also increased. The means of annually and periodically CCHF cases and fatality rates were 57 and 432 cases, and 10 cases and 32.2 % and 49 cases and 28.8 %, respectively. The means of annually and periodically CCHF fatality rates are about one-tenth of CCHF human cases. The mean of CCHF fatality rates in Africa (22.0 %) is lower than Asia (33.5 %) and Europe (33.8 %). Among occupations involved in CCHF, agricultural (28.9 %), health-care (19.2 %) and slaughterhouse (16.7 %) workers, and farmers (13.9 %) had the maximum CCHF fatality rates in order. Based on literature review of CCHFV S-segment aspects, several clades and genotypes are reported to distribute in Africa, Asia and Europe regions. There are very wide fields to investigate the epidemiology characteristics of CCHFV clades, genotypes and their distribution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Nasirian H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) seroprevalence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2019; 196:102-120. [PMID: 31108083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is the most widespread, tick-borne viral disease affecting humans and therefore this paper performed a meta-analysis to highlight seroprevalence features of CCHF in a global context. After a preliminary review of the 396 papers representing areas throughout the world, 206 were selected for detailed meta-analysis. In general the total means of CCHF seroprevalence were, respectively 4.7 and 24.6% for humans and animals; and 17.1, 18.9, 24.3, 29.3 and 27.1% for camels, cattle, goats, sheep and livestock. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in seroprevalence between humans and camels (P = 0.043), cattle (P = 0.010), goats (P = 0.015), sheep (P = 0.005) and livestock (P = 0.017). Regionally, there also was a difference between humans, and goats (P = 0.0001), sheep (P = 0.007) and livestock (P = 0.002). Globally, CCHF seroprevalence in at-risk professionals was 7.5 fold greater than in normal humans, while CCHF seroprevalence was 5 fold greater in animals, camels, cattle, goats, sheep and livestock than normal humans. Animal contact, animal husbandry, farming, tick bite history and secretion exposure were the most frequently reported CCHF seropositivity risk factors. This study serves as an important resource for epidemiological discussions related to CCHF and CCHF seroprevalence features, providing specific information in understanding human and animal mean and trend CCHF seroprevalence for different regions of the world and on an aggregate global scale; seroprevalence in at-risk professionals; and total mean and trend CCHF seropositivity involving risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enqelab Square, Zip code 1346689151, Tehran, Iran.
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Nasirian H, Salehzadeh A. Control of Cockroaches (Blattaria) in Sewers: A Practical Approach Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:181-191. [PMID: 30462285 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae), the American cockroach, is the most important invasive urban pest of sewer environments colonizing there with high significance of human public health and household allergens need to be controlled. Therefore this practical approach systematic review perform internationally to highlight and provide a detailed P. americana control in sewers. Of the 474 papers, 129 papers were selected to become this practical approach systematic review study of cockroach control in sewers. To control the American cockroaches, many studies have been conducted in various fields describing from an angle. The results were classified and discussed in getting cockroaches from sewers into buildings and their elimination, insecticide susceptibility, application of dust, bait and Inesfly paint insecticide formulations, biocontrol, and futuristic action categories. A recommending manner to achieve a successful P. americana cockroach control in sewers is using a combination of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies resulted in significant reductions of cockroach infestations and asthma health outcomes. Use of P. americana breeding thelytoky, push-pull strategies and an automated sewer robot, and integrating health into the future buildings may be new approaches of P. americana control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nasirian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aref Salehzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Firooziyan S, Sadaghianifar A, Taghilou B, Galavani H, Ghaffari E, Gholizadeh S. Identification of Novel Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Mutations in Human Head and Body Lice (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1337-1343. [PMID: 28549171 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the increase of head louse infestation in Iran (7.4%) and especially in West-Azerbaijan Province (248%) has raised the hypothesis of insecticide resistance development. There are different mechanisms of resistance to various groups of insecticides, and knockdown resistance (kdr) is a prominent mechanism of resistance to pyrethroids, an insecticide group which is used conventionally for pediculosis control. For detection of kdr-type well-known amino acid substitutions (M815I-T917I-L920F) and additional sodium channel mutations potentially associated with kdr resistance in head and body lice, louse populations were collected from West-Azerbaijan and Zanjan Provinces of Iran. Six novel mutations were found to be located in the IIS1-2 extracellular loop (H813P) and IIS5 (I927F, L928A, R929V, L930M, and L932M) of the α-subunit. Genotyping results showed that all specimens (100%) have at least one of these or the well-known mutations. Therefore, the presence of kdr-related and novel mutations in the sodium channel is likely to be the reason for the frequent use of pyrethroid insecticides due to treatment failure against lice. Further studies are now required to evaluate the prevalence of the kdr-like mutant allele for monitoring of insecticide resistance and the management of head and body lice in other provinces of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Firooziyan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115111, Iran
- Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115198, Iran
| | - Ali Sadaghianifar
- Urmia Health Center, Disease Control Unit, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5713759185, Iran
| | - Behrooz Taghilou
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4515613191, Iran
| | - Hossein Galavani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115111, Iran
| | - Eslam Ghaffari
- Urmia Health Center, Environmental Health Unit, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5713759185, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115111, Iran
- Medical Entomology Department, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5756115198, Iran
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Kouotou EA, Nansseu JRN, Kouawa MK, Zoung-Kanyi Bissek AC. Prevalence and drivers of human scabies among children and adolescents living and studying in Cameroonian boarding schools. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:400. [PMID: 27430556 PMCID: PMC4950090 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dire lack of information concerning the epidemiology of human scabies in Cameroon, especially in school milieus brought us to undertake the present study which aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of scabies in Cameroonian boarding schools. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2015 in four boarding schools in Yaoundé and Buea (Cameroon). Participants were students currently residing in one of the study sites, volunteering to participate in the study and whose parents or guardians had given their consent in this respect. The diagnosis was based on clinical assessment independently performed by two dermatologists. Results A total of 1,902 students were recruited (50.5 % boys), with a mean age of 14.3 ± 2.5 years. Overall, 338 participants (17.8 %) were diagnosed with scabies. Age ≤ 15 years, male sex, number of students in the school > 500, no access to the school infirmary, sleeping with others, sharing beddings, clothes or toilet stuffs, pruritus in the close entourage and complaining of pruritus were significantly associated with the presence of mites in univariable logistic regression analyses. On the other hand, at least two baths per day, usage of soap for baths and finger nails always cut short appeared as protective factors. After multivariable analysis, male sex (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.06, 95 % CI: 1.40–3.01, P < 0.0001), first cycle level of education (aOR 1.67, 95 % CI: 1.02–2.71, P = 0.040), number of students per dormitory ≤ 10 (aOR 6.99, 95 % CI: 3.34–14.71, P < 0.0001), no access to the school infirmary (aOR 1.62, 95 % CI: 1.12–2.32, P = 0.009) and complaining of pruritus (aOR 93.37, 95 % CI: 60.04–145.19, P < 0.0001) were the independent factors associated with scabies. Conclusions The prevalence of scabies was 17.8 %. The male sex, first cycle level of education, a number of students per dormitory ≤ 10, no access to the school infirmary and complaining of pruritus were the independent factors significantly impacting the occurrence of scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Armand Kouotou
- Biyem-Assi District Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Yaoundé General Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Jobert Richie N Nansseu
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. .,Sickle Cell Disease Unit, Mother and Child Centre, Chantal Biya Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Michèle K Kouawa
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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A retrospective study of ectoparasitosis in patients referred to Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:104018. [PMID: 24860806 PMCID: PMC4016936 DOI: 10.1155/2014/104018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients suspected to be suffering from ectoparasites who were referred to the parasitology laboratory of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad during 15 years (April 1995 to April 2010). All patients' data were collected from the questionnaires and then analyzed statistically. From 1814 suspected patients to be suffering from ectoparasites, 375 patients had scabies and, 99 suffer from pediculosis. The mean age of patients was 26/18 ± 17/68. The most common age of scabies was 10–19 (27/7%) and pediculosis 0–9(9/6%) (P value = 0.00). The highest incidence of pediculosis was in women (3.6%) and scabies in men (13.7%) (P value = 0.00). Pediculosis is more common in children (9/9%) and scabies in workers (32%)(P value = 0.00). Scabies and pediculosis were more prevalent in patients from Razavi Khorasan Province with 18.7% and 5%, respectively (P value = 0.08).
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