1
|
Alonaizan R. Molecular regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation during parasitic infection. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231918. [PMID: 38623843 PMCID: PMC11096646 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a serious global health concern, causing many common and severe infections, including Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. The NLRP3 inflammasome belongs to the NLR (nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich-repeat-containing proteins) family, which are cytosolic proteins playing key roles in the detection of pathogens. NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated in immune responses to Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma gondii, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma cruzi, and other parasites. The role of NLRP3 is not fully understood, but it is a crucial component of the innate immune response to parasitic infections and its functions as a sensor triggering the inflammatory response to the invasive parasites. However, while this response can limit the parasites' growth, it can also result in potentially catastrophic host pathology. This makes it essential to understand how NLRP3 interacts with parasites to initiate the inflammatory response. Plasmodium hemozoin, Leishmania glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin can stimulate NLRP3 activation, while the dense granule protein 9 (GRA9) of T. gondii has been shown to suppress it. Several other parasitic products also have diverse effects on NLRP3 activation. Understanding the mechanism of NLRP3 interaction with these products will help to develop advanced therapeutic approaches to treat parasitic diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge of the NLRP3 inflammasome's action on the immune response to parasitic infections and aims to determine the mechanisms through which parasitic molecules either activate or inhibit its action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Alonaizan
- Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uribe-Querol E, Rosales C. Immune Response to the Enteric Parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 35:244-260. [PMID: 32490746 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00038.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan parasite responsible for amoebiasis, a disease with a high prevalence in developing countries. Establishing an amoebic infection involves interplay between pathogenic factors for invasion and tissue damage, and immune responses for protecting the host. Here, we review the pathogenicity of E. histolytica and summarize the latest knowledge on immune response and immune evasion mechanisms during amoebiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Uribe-Querol
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moraes LCA, França EL, Pessoa RS, Fagundes DLG, Hernandes MG, Ribeiro VP, Gomes MA, Honorio-França AC. The effect of IFN-γ and TGF-β in the functional activity of mononuclear cells in the presence of Entamoeba histolytica. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:413. [PMID: 26249205 PMCID: PMC4528781 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) causes amoebiasis, which is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Phagocytic cells and cytokines appear to be important in amoebiasis, but very little is known about the influence of these cells and cytokines in protozoan infections. The aim of this study was to analyse the supernatant of cultures of mononuclear (MN) cells with E. histolytica to determine: 1) the levels of the cytokines IFN-γ and TGF-β, and 2) the amoebicidal activity of MN cells after incubation with cytokines. Methods Blood samples were collected from 30 volunteer donors. The cytokine concentrations in MN cells culture supernatants, superoxide release, leukophagocytosis, amoebicide activity, intracellular calcium release and apoptosis were analysed. Results The IFN-γ concentrations were 6.22 ± 0.36 and TGF-β concentrations were 17.01 ± 2.21 in cells–trophozoite culture supernatants. MN cells, independently of cytokines, in the presence of amoeba increase the superoxide release. In the absence of cytokines, the ingestion of MN cells by amoebae was higher. In the presence of IFN- γ or TGF- β, a lower ingestion of MN cells was observed by amoebae. MN cells treated with cytokines exhibited higher amoebicide and apoptosis indexes. The incubation of cytokines increased the intracellular calcium release by MN cells. Conclusions These results suggest that cytokines play a beneficial role for the host by activating MN cells against E. histolytica. The increased death of amoebae during the leukophagocytosis suggests that both cytokines (IFN-γ and TGF-β) can modulate the functional activity of MN cells and that these cytokines probably are important in the control of amoebic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Campelo Albuquerque Moraes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Souza Pessoa
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Mara Gil Hernandes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Victor Pena Ribeiro
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| | - Maria Aparecida Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França
- Institute of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Rodovia BR070, Km 5 s/no, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He GZ, Chen YX, Tian WY, Feng Y, Wang AN, Wei Y, He Q, An C. Entamoeba histolytica Infections in a King Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rex): A First Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2011.1026.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|