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Li Y, Palomares RA, Liu M, Xu J, Koo C, Granberry F, Locke SR, Habing G, Saif LJ, Wang L, Wang Q. Isolation and Characterization of Contemporary Bovine Coronavirus Strains. Viruses 2024; 16:965. [PMID: 38932257 PMCID: PMC11209117 DOI: 10.3390/v16060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) poses a threat to cattle health worldwide, contributing to both respiratory and enteric diseases. However, few contemporary strains have been isolated. In this study, 71 samples (10 nasal and 61 fecal) were collected from one farm in Ohio in 2021 and three farms in Georgia in 2023. They were screened by BCoV-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR, and 15 BCoV-positive samples were identified. Among them, five BCoV strains from fecal samples were isolated using human rectal tumor-18 (HRT-18) cells. The genomic sequences of five strains were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis illustrated that these new strains clustered with US BCoVs that have been detected since the 1990s. Sequence analyses of the spike proteins of four pairs of BCoVs, with each pair originally collected from the respiratory and enteric sites of one animal, revealed the potential amino acid residue patterns, such as D1180 for all four enteric BCoVs and G1180 for three of four respiratory BCoVs. This project provides new BCoV isolates and sequences and underscores the genetic diversity of BcoVs, the unknown mechanisms of disease types, and the necessity of sustained surveillance and research for BCoVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Roberto A. Palomares
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA; (R.A.P.); (C.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Mingde Liu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Jiayu Xu
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Chohee Koo
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA; (R.A.P.); (C.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesca Granberry
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 2200 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA; (R.A.P.); (C.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Samantha R. Locke
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Greg Habing
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
| | - Leyi Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (J.X.); (L.J.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.R.L.); (G.H.)
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Chung H, Nguyen VG, Kim CU, Do H, Park BK, Park YH, Song D, Kong A, Ryu J, Kang K. Application of nano-graphene oxide as nontoxic disinfectant against alpha and betacoronaviruses. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2434-2439. [PMID: 34313392 PMCID: PMC8604132 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New viruses are continuously emerging and recently there have been many great concerns on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Nanographene oxide (nanoGO) has received much attention and is widely investigated to be utilised in therapy for infectious diseases by viruses. Thus, antiviral activity of nanoGO was evaluated using the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), and SARS-CoV-2, which are all Alpha- and Beta-coronavirus. In a virus inhibition assay, the three viruses were inhibited by nanoGO in a dose-dependent manner, including attempts in the presence of high serum solution which partially mimicked biological fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee‐Chun Chung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology LabCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversityGwanAk‐GuSeoulKorea
| | - Van Giap Nguyen
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesVietnam National University of AgricultureHanoiVietnam
| | - Cheong Ung Kim
- Department of Veterinary MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hai‐Quynh Do
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology LabCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversityGwanAk‐GuSeoulKorea
- Institute of Genome ResearchVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam
| | - Bong Kyun Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Virology LabCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversityGwanAk‐GuSeoulKorea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Sub Song
- Department of PharmacyCollege of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejongRepublic of Korea
| | - Aeri Kong
- Department of Medical ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jae‐Chul Ryu
- Adult StemCell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sun Kang
- Adult StemCell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary ScienceCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Evaluation of Cattle for Naturally Colonized Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Requires Combinatorial Strategies. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6673202. [PMID: 33868404 PMCID: PMC8032530 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6673202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups O157, O26, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O45 are designated as food adulterants by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service. Cattle are the primary reservoir of these human pathogens. In this study, 59 Angus crossbred heifers were tested specifically for these seven STEC serogroups using a combination of standard culture, serological, PCR, and cell cytotoxicity methods to determine if comparable results would be obtained. At the time of fecal sampling, the animals were approximately 2 years old and weighed 1000–1200 lbs. The diet comprised of 37% ground alfalfa hay, 25% ground Sudan hay, and 38% ground corn supplemented with trace minerals and rumensin with ad libitum access to water. Non-O157 STEC were isolated from 25% (15/59) of the animals tested using a combination of EC broth, CHROMagar STECTM, and Rainbow Agar O157. Interestingly, the O157 serogroup was not isolated from any of the animals. Non-O157 STEC isolates were confirmed to be one of the six adulterant serogroups by serology and/or colony PCR in 10/15 animals with the predominant viable, serogroup being O103. PCR using DNA extracted from feces verified most of the colony PCR results but also identified additional virulence and O-antigen genes from samples with no correlating culture results. Shiga toxin- (Stx-) related cytopathic effects on Vero cells with fecal extracts from 55/59 animals could only be associated with the Stx gene profiles obtained by fecal DNA PCR and not culture results. The differences between culture versus fecal DNA PCR and cytotoxicity assay results suggest that the latter two assays reflect the presence of nonviable STEC or infection with STEC not belonging to the seven adulterant serogroups. This study further supports the use of combinatorial culture, serology, and PCR methods to isolate viable STEC that pose a greater food safety threat.
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