Histological and Analytical Evaluation of Glycosaminoglycan from the Clam Katelysia opima

Abundance of saccharides and scarcity of glycosaminoglycans in the soft tissue of clam, Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus)

We investigated presence and distribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in Meretrix meretrix soft tissue by determining GAG composition in the different parts, namely, mantle edge, foot, gill, adductor muscle, and viscera. The occurrence of glycan ingredients was examined by histochemistry, whereas GAG and general polysaccharide contents in clam tissue were qualified through extraction and determination. Tissue sections stained with alcian blue or periodic acid-Schiff demonstrated the general existence of saccharides and trifling generation of GAGs in clam tissues. GAGs coexisting with glycogens appeared to be primarily produced in the mantle and foot tissues in mucus form by visualization. The GAG content of the polysaccharide extract ranged from 16.8 to 75.8 mg in 10 g of 5 dried tissue materials in comparison with total carbohydrate level in the range of 500-1760 mg, thereby indicating that GAGs were not the major components of polysaccharide extracts. GAG composition only accounted for approximately 4% of total glycan components, which consist of the determinations of amino sugar and uronic acid. The soft tissues of clam contained abundant saccharide compounds but sparse amounts of GAGs. The results will benefit the subsequent development of products made from the polysaccharide components of M. meretrix.