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Awe AO, David-Olawade AC, Ayodele-Awe I, Feng H, Odetayo A, Afolalu TD, Ladan H, Olawade DB. Predictors and influencing factors of emotional intelligence among nurses in the North East England, United Kingdom. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:236. [PMID: 37727434 PMCID: PMC10506741 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1656_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognising that high levels of emotional intelligence (EI) are required for involvement in the nursing practice, this study was conducted to assess the traits of emotional intelligence, perception of emotional intelligence and factors associated with emotional intelligence among nursing teams in Northeast England. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this descriptive cross-sectional study, a concurrent mixed method was employed (qualitative and quantitative method) using a convenience sampling technique. Data were obtained from one hundred and ten (110) staff nurses practicing with the National Health Service via a validated semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview. Data collected through questionnaires (online- Google form link) were retrieved via Ms excel spreadsheet and then imported to Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 for analyses. Interviews recorded were transcribed word for word as Nvivo software (version 12) was utilised for thematic analysis and rapid analysis was also adopted to validate the responses. RESULTS Majority (77%) of the respondents were females, and about half (46%) have work experience between one to five years. The mean emotional intelligence trait score for each domain was self-awareness (20.20), self-regulation (38.15), self-motivation (20.54), empathy (18.78), and social skills (29.60), as 82% of the nurses had high emotional intelligence trait. There was a statistically significant relationship between empathy, and race of the respondents (P = 0.040). Also, from the qualitative data; cultural differences, personality traits, self-care, family support, and organisational structure are key predictors of emotional intelligence traits among nurses. CONCLUSION Enhancing emotional intelligence traits among nursing teams is significant, as it may serve as an intervention strategy to manage changes and still increase level of morale and productivity among nurses. Hence, creating a more supportive environment, encouragement from team leads or supervisors, and training on stress management strategies can help to reduce burnout, anxiety and stress in nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele O. Awe
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Iyanuoluwa Ayodele-Awe
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Haibo Feng
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Temitope D. Afolalu
- Oncology and Haematology Department, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, NHS Trust, King's Lynn, United Kingdom
| | - Henrietha Ladan
- Critical and Surgical Care Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, NHS Trust, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Olawade
- Department of Allied and Public Health, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
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Louwen C, Reidlinger D, Milne N. Profiling health professionals' personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:120. [PMID: 36803372 PMCID: PMC9938999 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cognitive traits have been theorised to predict characteristics, career choice and outcomes of health professionals and could represent a homogenous group. This study aims to profile and compare personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence of health practitioners across a variety of professions. METHODS Empirical literature was systematically reviewed. A two-concept search strategy was applied to four databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest). Title/abstract and full text articles were screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methodological quality was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Data was synthesised narratively and meta-aggregated where feasible. RESULTS Three hundred twenty-one studies representing 153 assessment tools of personality (n = 83 studies), behaviour (n = 8), and emotional intelligence (n = 62) were included. Most studies (n = 171) explored personality (medicine, nursing, nursing assistants, dentistry, allied health, paramedics), revealing variation in traits across professions. Behaviour styles were least measured with only ten studies exploring these across four health professions (nursing, medicine, occupational therapy, psychology). Emotional intelligence (n = 146 studies) varied amongst professions (medicine, nursing, dentistry, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, radiology) with all exhibiting average to above-average scores. CONCLUSION Personality traits, behaviour styles and emotional intelligence are all key characteristics of health professionals reported in the literature. There is both heterogeneity and homogeneity within and between professional groups. The characterisation and understanding of these non-cognitive traits will aid health professionals to understand their own non-cognitive features and how these might be useful in predicting performance with potential to adapt these to enhance success within their chosen profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Louwen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - D. Reidlinger
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
| | - N. Milne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Robina, Gold Coast, QLD 4226 Australia
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Deng X, Chen S, Li X, Tan C, Li W, Zhong C, Mei R, Ye M. Gender differences in empathy, emotional intelligence and problem-solving ability among nursing students: A cross-sectional study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 120:105649. [PMID: 36435156 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy, emotional intelligence (EI) and problem-solving ability are three important characteristics that influence effective communication in clinical practice. Previous studies have not adequately explored the specific relationships between these three abilities and their gender differences among nursing students. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the current state of emotional intelligence, empathy, and problem-solving ability in nursing students and to identify whether gender differences affect these three characteristics and how gender differences can be used to educate nurses on empathy. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 993 nursing students from two grade A tertiary hospitals in Hunan, China participated in this study. METHODS Data were collected using the Empathy of Clinical Nurse Scale (ENCS), Emotional Intelligence Scale of Clinical Junior Nurses (EIS) and Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPSI). Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the ENCS and SPSI scores between male and female nursing students, but male nursing students had lower EIS scores (P < 0.05). A significant association was found between ENCS, EIS and SPSI on most dimensions among female nursing students, but no significant association was found between ENCS and EIS for total scores among males. We found that problem-solving ability was the most important factor affecting the variation in empathy for both male and female nursing students through hierarchical multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences are reflected not only in the level of emotional intelligence but also in the relationships between emotional intelligence, empathy, and problem-solving ability. Nursing educators should be aware of how gender differences can affect these three traits; this is particularly important for teaching based on students' aptitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiao Deng
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Shihao Chen
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Xuting Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Chuxia Tan
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Chenxi Zhong
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Ranran Mei
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Man Ye
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Xiangya Nursing School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Emotional intelligence of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 36:24-27. [PMID: 35094821 PMCID: PMC8570798 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the emotional intelligence of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted from May to July 2020 in Tehran, Iran. Nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 were requested to fill in Bradbury and Graves's questionnaire online using a questionnaire in electronic format. RESULTS Finally 211 nurses completed the questionnaires. Most of the nurses were working in critical care wards and caring for critical patients (61.6). Nurses' emotional intelligence was reported to be 63.19 (8.22). In general, the nurses' emotional intelligence was moderate. Between the dimensions, self-awareness and self-management had the highest scores. Also, the lowest score was related to self-management. The ward type and complexity of care had no effect on the scores of emotional intelligence. Nurses caring for patients with moderate disease severity had a higher relationship management score than nurses caring for critically ill patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The total score of emotional intelligence was moderate. Due to the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the possibility of mental and physical fatigue of health care workers, improving emotional intelligence can be effective in resilience and stability of the psychological status of employees.
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Adams C, Hooker L, Taft A. The characteristics of Australian Maternal and Child Health home visiting nurses undertaking family violence work: An interpretive description study. J Adv Nurs 2022; 79:1314-1328. [PMID: 35084788 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the family violence practice of home visiting nurses and identify the personal and professional characteristics of nurses undertaking family violence work. DESIGN A qualitative research design using interpretive description. METHODS The family violence nursing practice and characteristics of home visiting nurses in Victoria, Australia, were explored by analysing semi-structured interviews (n = 37) conducted over 4 months in 2019-2020. Twenty-five nurses and 12 nurse managers worked in urban, regional city and rural/remote settings. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS We categorized the characteristics of home visiting nurses into two broad themes with sub-themes: 'Things you can learn'; and 'You just bring yourself'. CONCLUSION By researching the characteristics of home visiting nurses undertaking family violence work, this study has identified the personal characteristics managers should consider when recruiting nurses to this specialist role. Identifying the personal and professional skills required will improve nurses' working experience by reducing the risk of a potential skill/role mismatch. These insights may enhance the effectiveness of home visiting nurses so that the Enhanced Maternal and Child Health program contributes effectively to the support of women experiencing family violence. IMPACT Interviewing home visiting nurses and their managers has enabled a clearer insight into this specialist practitioner's previously unexplored work. Identifying the nurses' personal, professional, and clinical characteristics should inform the development of position roles and identify nurses who are best suited for this role. This knowledge will ensure that the Maternal and Child Health program effectively supports women experiencing family violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catina Adams
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leesa Hooker
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Rural Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Angela Taft
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Benchmarking of Emotional Intelligence in radiography students within KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa. Radiography (Lond) 2021; 28:487-491. [PMID: 34742633 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional Intelligence (EI) is an important skill within the various health care professions, and a higher level of EI is associated with better patient care, communication, empathy and teamwork. Within the Republic of South Africa, there is limited literature on EI within the health care sector, and specifically within radiography. METHODS The Trait EI Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF) was used to record the EI scores of 247 BHSc Radiography students in all four disciplines over the four years of study at the selected University of Technology (UoT) in Kwazulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. The TEIQue-SF yields a Global EI score and the four factors of EI. RESULTS The study benchmarked the TEI scores of the radiography cohort. The male participants scored significantly higher in Global EI (p = 0.020 and 0.029) and the Self-control factor (p = 0.000) of EI compared to the female participants. The younger participants scored significantly higher in three of the five factors of TEI, namely: Global EI (p = 0.003), Well-being (p = 0.003) and Self-control (p = 0.010), which was an unexpected finding and against the norm. Racially (0.010 and 0.009) and culturally (P = 0.022 and 0.026), the Black participants and the Zulu participants scored significantly higher in the Self-control factor of TEI. CONCLUSION This study benchmarked the TEI scores of radiography students within KZN and compared these TEI scores to the demographic variances of the students with interesting results. This study has highlighted the TEI level of the students at a selected UoT, which can be used to ensure that better prepared, well-rounded and employable graduates enter the workplace. This can be achieved by the implementation of the recommendations, which includes the levels of EI to be developed and relevant EI training required. Further research is required within the field of TEI and Radiography in the South African context to strengthen this study's findings. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE This study has highlighted the EI scores of a cohort of radiography students. The results of this study have made the institution more aware of the students' TEI which will allow the institution to ensure students are better prepared and are employable graduates within their chosen profession by including EI training within the health faculty curriculum.
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Mazzella-Ebstein AM, Tan KS, Panageas KS, Arnetz JE, Barton-Burke M. The Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Stress, and Coping Characteristics by Years of Nursing Experiences of Newly Hired Oncology Nurses. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:352-359. [PMID: 34159227 PMCID: PMC8186394 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare and analyze the emotional intelligence, occupational stress, and coping characteristics of three groups of newly hired oncology nurses. METHODS Data for this secondary analysis were collected from a larger study of 114 newly hired nurses at a cancer center in the Northeastern United States. Survey data were collected using the EQi-2.0™, the Nursing Stress Scale, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Dimensions of study measures were analyzed based on new graduates, 1-5 years, and >5 years of nursing experience. Analysis of variance was conducted among the three groups followed by Tukey pairwise comparisons analysis when P = 0.05. RESULTS New graduates scored significantly lower on the self-expression dimension (mean = 96.88; standard deviation [SD] = 13.27) than nurses with >5 years nursing experience (mean = 106.12; SD 15.02) (P = 0.04), and the subdimension, assertiveness (mean = 94.73; SD = 13.87) compared to nurses with >5-year nursing experience (mean = 103.94; SD = 14.86) (P = 0.03). Significantly higher sources of stress for new graduates were death and dying (mean = 16.45; SD = 3.37), and for the associations between the three nursing groups (P = 0.001). New graduate nurses used the problem-focused coping strategy of accepting responsibility (mean = 14.06; SD = 7.28) significantly (P = 0.006) more often than nurses with >5-year experience (mean = 8.54; SD = 4.25), and planful problem solving (mean = 16.76; SD = 5.27) significantly less often (P =.001) than nurses with 1-5-year experiences (mean = 20.12; SD = 7.31). CONCLUSIONS Dimension scores highlight the characteristics of nurses with varying levels of nursing experience onboarding at the same time. Findings may inform model-development for improving nurse-recruitment practices and retention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kay See Tan
- Office of Nursing Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine S. Panageas
- Office of Nursing Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Margaret Barton-Burke
- Office of Nursing Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Engagement in Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091915. [PMID: 30177621 PMCID: PMC6164014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aware that engagement in the healthcare field needs high levels of emotional intelligence, we began this study to determine relationship between engagement and emotional intelligence in nurses. The objective of this study was to determine the explanatory value of the components of emotional intelligence for engagement in a sample of nurses. The final study sample was made up of 2126 working nursing professionals. Data was obtained by distributing, an ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information, and to collect professional and employment information, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Reduced Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Adults were used. The results showed that nurses with higher levels of emotional intelligence also scored more highly in engagement, with the interpersonal factor being the greatest predictor of engagement. This study has significant practical implications for the creation of intervention programs and activities to improve the performance of nurses in the workplace.
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Smith MJ, Wilson J, George DL, Laster K, Filippo C, Spies A. Emotional intelligence scores among three cohorts of pharmacy students before and after completing the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy's Leadership Degree Option Program. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:911-917. [PMID: 30236428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Report change in Emotional Intelligence Appraisal scores among three cohorts of student pharmacists before and after completing the Leadership Degree Option (LDO) Program within the University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING The first three cohorts of student pharmacists who elected to enroll in the College's LDO completed the self-administered Emotional Intelligence Appraisal, Me Edition, at the start of the LDO program and again three years later at the end of the program. Paired samples t-test compared differences between mean pre- and post-scores stratified by gender. FINDINGS A total of 36 students from Cohorts 1, 2, and 3 completed and voluntarily reported their scores of the Emotional Intelligence Appraisal. There was a statistically significant increase in mean overall Emotional Intelligence Appraisal score between the start and end of the LDO (pre = 76.39, post = 81.03, p < 0.0001). Statistical significance remained when stratified by gender. There also were statistically significant differences on various sub-domain scores. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS We observed a before and after increase in Emotional Intelligence Appraisal scores among three cohorts of pharmacy students who completed a three-year LDO Program in parallel with completing the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree Program. Emotional recognizance and management in oneself and others has potential to build leadership capacity that can be applied in the health-care delivery setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael James Smith
- The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States.
| | - Jane Wilson
- The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States.
| | - David Lee George
- The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, 1110 N. Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States.
| | - Kathleen Laster
- Impact Consulting, 100 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, United States.
| | - Cristina Filippo
- Impact Consulting, 100 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, United States.
| | - Alan Spies
- Kennedy Pharmacy Innovation Center, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, 715 Sumter St, Suite 416, Columbia, SC 20208, United States.
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Geyer NM, Coetzee SK, Ellis SM, Uys LR. Relationship of nurses’ intrapersonal characteristics with work performance and caring behaviors: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Health Sci 2018; 20:370-379. [DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Siedine K. Coetzee
- School of Nursing Science; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Suria M. Ellis
- Unit for Business, Mathematics and Informatics; North-West University; Potchefstroom South Africa
| | - Leana R. Uys
- School of Nursing and Public Health; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
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Nightingale S, Spiby H, Sheen K, Slade P. The impact of emotional intelligence in health care professionals on caring behaviour towards patients in clinical and long-term care settings: Findings from an integrative review. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 80:106-117. [PMID: 29407344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent years there has been criticism within the United Kingdom's health service regarding a lack of care and compassion, resulting in adverse outcomes for patients. The impact of emotional intelligence in staff on patient health care outcomes has been recently highlighted. Many recruiters now assess emotional intelligence as part of their selection process for health care staff. However, it has been argued that the importance of emotional intelligence in health care has been overestimated. OBJECTIVES To explore relationships between emotional intelligence in health care professionals, and caring behaviour. To further explore any additional factors related to emotional intelligence that may impact upon caring behaviour. DESIGN An integrative review design was used. DATA SOURCES Psychinfo, Medline, CINAHL Plus, Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, and Scopus were searched for studies from 1995 to April 2017. REVIEW METHODS Studies providing quantitative or qualitative exploration of how any healthcare professionals' emotional intelligence is linked to caring in healthcare settings were selected. RESULTS Twenty two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three main types of health care professional were identified: nurses, nurse leaders, and physicians. Results indicated that the emotional intelligence of nurses was related to both physical and emotional caring, but emotional intelligence may be less relevant for nurse leaders and physicians. Age, experience, burnout, and job satisfaction may also be relevant factors for both caring and emotional intelligence. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence that developing emotional intelligence in nurses may positively impact upon certain caring behaviours, and that there may be differences within groups that warrant further investigation. Understanding more about which aspects of emotional intelligence are most relevant for intervention is important, and directions for further large scale research have been identified.
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Leading nurses: emotional intelligence and leadership development effectiveness. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl) 2017; 30:217-232. [DOI: 10.1108/lhs-12-2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of an emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership development education program involving 20 nurse leaders at nursing homes. Also, it investigates the relationship between EI and transformational leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
Three research questions are posed. Correlation analysis and t-tests were conducted to answer the questions posed.
Findings
The findings of this paper indicate that the EI educational development was effective, while the personal leadership development was not. The data also showed a positive significant relationship between EI and transformational leadership.
Research limitations/implications
This paper is limited by the small sample size; thus, a causal relationship between EI and leadership could not be investigated. Additionally, the sample was not randomly selected because of the commitment needed from the participants. Furthermore, the paper was focused on nurse leaders in nursing homes, so it may not be generalizable to other populations.
Practical implications
With the increasing need for nursing home facilities and the limited training generally provided to nurses who move into managerial roles in these facilities, it is critical for organizations to understand the effectiveness of educational programs that exist. Moreover, the findings of this paper may provide information that would be useful to others who wish to develop EI and/or leadership education for nurses.
Originality/value
While much research exists on EI and transformational leadership, little of this research focuses on nurses in nursing home facilities. Thus, this paper fills a gap in the literature.
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Jones-Schenk J. Getting to the Root of Disparities: Social Cognition and the Affective Domain. J Contin Educ Nurs 2017; 47:443-445. [PMID: 27699431 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20160920-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bias, prejudice, cultural insensitivity, and eroding levels of empathy all affect the health and well being of patients and families and manifest or accelerate social disparities of health. For caregivers, educational offerings and activities targeting the affective domain can positively influence the development of greater empathy and improved social cognition. As difficult as it is to develop effective teaching methods for this domain, new strides in virtual reality technology and new research on implicit bias can provide the professional development educator with options in designing educational offerings that can help. J Contin Educ Nurs. 2016;47(10):443-445.
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Emotional intelligence and coping styles: An intervention in geriatric nurses. Appl Nurs Res 2017; 35:94-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chao M, Shih CT, Hsu SF. Nurse occupational burnout and patient-rated quality of care: The boundary conditions of emotional intelligence and demographic profiles. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2015; 13:156-65. [DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minston Chao
- Department of Health Care Management; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Shih
- Department of Business Administration; National Pingtung University; Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Hsu
- Nursing Department; Taipei Veterans General Hospital; Taoyuan Taiwan
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Hall CM, Enright SM, White SJ, Allen SJ. A quantitative study of the emotional intelligence of participants in the ASHP Foundation’s Pharmacy Leadership Academy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2015; 72:1890-5. [PMID: 26490824 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Foster K, McCloughen A, Delgado C, Kefalas C, Harkness E. Emotional intelligence education in pre-registration nursing programmes: an integrative review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2015; 35:510-7. [PMID: 25499529 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the state of knowledge on emotional intelligence (EI) education in pre-registration nursing programmes. DESIGN Integrative literature review. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, ERIC, and Web of Knowledge electronic databases were searched for abstracts published in English between 1992-2014. REVIEW METHODS Data extraction and constant comparative analysis of 17 articles. RESULTS Three categories were identified: Constructs of emotional intelligence; emotional intelligence curricula components; and strategies for emotional intelligence education. CONCLUSIONS A wide range of emotional intelligence constructs were found, with a predominance of trait-based constructs. A variety of strategies to enhance students' emotional intelligence skills were identified, but limited curricula components and frameworks reported in the literature. An ability-based model for curricula and learning and teaching approaches is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Foster
- Faculty of Health, Disciplines of Nursing & Midwifery, PO Locked Bag 1, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Andrea McCloughen
- Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, 88 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Cynthia Delgado
- Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, 88 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, P.O. Box M50, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Claudia Kefalas
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, P.O. Box M50, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Emily Harkness
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Fujino Y, Tanaka M, Yonemitsu Y, Kawamoto R. The relationship between characteristics of nursing performance and years of experience in nurses with high emotional intelligence. Int J Nurs Pract 2014; 21:876-81. [DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Tanaka
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Yonemitsu
- R&D Laboratory for Innovative Biotherapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Jones-Schenk J, Harper MG. Emotional intelligence: an admission criterion alternative to cumulative grade point averages for prelicensure students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2014; 34:413-420. [PMID: 23660239 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting potential student success is of great interest to nursing educators and academic administrators alike. Cumulative grade point average (CGPA) has traditionally been used to screen nursing program candidates, but CGPA itself has shown to have no statistically significant predictive value and may in fact screen out individuals who possess social intelligence attributes that are essential for success in nursing practice. The purpose of this study is to determine if students whose emotional intelligence characteristics meet or exceed those of successful staff nurses are more likely to be successful in a baccalaureate nursing program. METHODS A descriptive, correlational design was used to compare the emotional intelligence attributes of 116 potential nursing students and 42 successful staff nurses using the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). RESULTS Nursing students who remained in the nursing program were found to have significantly higher levels of total emotional intelligence, interpersonal capacity, and stress tolerance. Students who dropped from the nursing program were not significantly different from successful staff nurses in terms of emotional intelligence. CONCLUSION Emotional intelligence presents a compelling adjunct to current selection criteria for nursing students. However, the lack of research prevents widespread adoption of this criterion. This study suggests that students with higher levels of emotional intelligence, particularly intrapersonal capacity and stress tolerance, are more likely to be successful in a baccalaureate nursing program than students with lower levels. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness of EI as a predictor of student success in nursing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Jones-Schenk
- College of Health Professions, Western Governors University, 4001 S. 700 E., Suite 700, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, United States.
| | - Mary G Harper
- College of Health Professions, Western Governors University, 4001 S. 700 E., Suite 700, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, United States.
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Towell A, Nel E, Müller A. The emotional intelligence of a group of critical-care nurses in South Africa. Health SA 2013. [DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v18i1.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-care nurses often look after three or more critically-ill patients during a shift. The workload and emotional stress can lead to disharmony between the nurse’s body, mind and spirit. Nurses with a high emotional intelligence have less emotional exhaustion and psychosomatic symptoms; they enjoy better emotional health; gain more satisfaction from their actions (both at work and at home); and have improved relationships with colleagues at work. The question arises: what is the emotional intelligence of critical-care nurses? A quantitative survey was conducted. The target population was registered nurses working in critical-care units who attended the Critical Care Congress 2009 (N = 380). Data were collected with the use of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Short Form and analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. The sample (n = 220) was mainly a mature, female and professionally-experienced group of registered nurses. They held a variety of job descriptions within various critical-care units. Statistics indicated that the standard deviations were small and no aberrant aspects such as demographics skewed the findings. The conclusion was made that registered nurses who are older and that have more experience in critical care appear to have a higher range of emotional intelligence.Kritiekesorg-verpleegkundiges verpleeg dikwels drie of meer pasiënte wat kritiek siek is, tydens een skof. Die werkslading kan tot emosionele spanning ly wat ’n wanbalans tussen die liggaam, siel en gees van die verpleegkundiges laat ontstaan. Verpleekundiges met ’n hoë emosionele intelligensie ondervind minder emosionele uitbranding en psigosomatiese symptome. Hulle toon ’n beter emosionele gesondheid, ervaar meer werks- en tuisbevrediging en het beter verhoudings met hulle kollegas. The vraag wat ontstaan is ‘wat is die emosionel intelligensie van kritieksorg-verpleegkundiges?’ Die toeganglike populasie (N = 380) was geregistreerde verpleegkundiges wat tans in die kritiek sorgeenhede werksaam was en die Critical Care Congress in 2009 bygewoon het. Die data is deur die gebruikmaking van die ‘Trait Emotional Intelligence Short Form’ vraelys ingesamel. Die data is statisties met behulp van die SPSS ontleed. Die populasie (n = 220) was hoofsaaklik n groepe volwasse, vroulike en professioneel ervare verpleegkundiges. Hulle het ’n verskeidenheid van posbeskrywing in die kritieke-sorgeenhede beklee. Die statistieke het ’n minimale standaardafwyking aangetoon. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat geregistreede verpleegkundiges wat ouer en meer ervaring in kritieke sorgverpleging het, ’n hoër vlak van emosionele intelligensie het.
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