Conversion of resection arthroplasty to total hip replacement

Analysis of perioperative outcomes in hip resection arthroplasty

BACKGROUND

Hip resection arthroplasty (HRA) is a salvage surgical technique for the management of complex hip conditions wherein arthroplasty may be contraindicated. The purpose of this study was to review modern-day indications for HRA and compare outcomes between patients undergoing HRA and revision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA).

METHODS

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) was used to identify patients undergoing HRA or RTHA between 2012 and 2017. Patient demographics, risk factors, and perioperative complications were analyzed. Multivariate regression was used to determine predictors of early postoperative complications. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare relative risks (RR) of complications in HRA compared to RTHA.

RESULTS

290 patients underwent HRA between 2012 and 2017. Infection was the most common indication for HRA (39.8%), followed by femoral neck fracture or malunion/nonunion (26%) and prosthetic instability (12.2%). Increased body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.012) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p = 0.007) were associated with increased risk of complication in HRA. There were no significant differences in short-term complication risks between RTHA and HRA.

CONCLUSIONS

HRA was associated with short-term complication rates comparable to RTHA. These findings may help in surgical decision-making and appropriate indications in the present day.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

III.

Salvage Procedures for Management of Prosthetic Joint Infection After Hip and Knee Replacements

Background:

The increasing load placed by joint replacement surgery on health care systems makes infection, even with the lowest rates, a serious concern that needs to be thoroughly studied and addressed using all possible measures.

Methods:

A comprehensive review of the current literature on salvage procedures for recurrent PJIs using PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL has been conducted.

Results:

Prolonged suppressive antibiotic therapy (PSAT), resection arthroplasty and arthrodesis were the most common procedures performed. Suppressive antibiotic therapy is based on the use of well tolerated long term antibiotics in controlling sensitive organisms. Resection arthroplasty which should be reserved as a last resort provided more predictable outcomes in the hip whereas arthrodesis was associated with better outcomes in the knee. Various methods for arthrodesis including internal and external fixation have been described.

Conclusion:

Despite good union and infection control rates, all methods were associated with complications occasionally requiring further surgical interventions.

Conversion arthroplasty of the hip: mid-term results are good

The historical mid-term results of conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) are acceptable; however, the complication rates are high. In total, 39 patients (45 hips) from 2 institutions underwent conversion THA from 1993-2006 and were retrospectively evaluated. The mean age was 48.3 years, the mean follow-up time was 8.7 years, and the mean duration arthrodesis prior to conversion THA was 18.2 years. The outcomes included operative time, blood loss, leg-length discrepancy (LLD), thigh circumference, Harris Hip Score (HHS), complications, and radiographic evaluation. A total of 34 THAs were cemented, and 11 were uncemented. The mean operative time was 102 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 1019 ml. The mean HHS improved from 32.4 to 82.5 (p<0.01). The mean LLD decreased from 4.2 to 1.1 cm, while the thigh circumference increased by a mean of 1.6 cm. Complications included: a positive Trendelenburg gait (6), early haematoma that required surgical evacuation (5), dislocation (2), deep infection (1), and early aseptic loosening of the components (2). In conclusion, the functional results of the conversion THA using predominantly cemented components are good at mid-term follow-up; although the complication rates remain higher than a standard primary THA, aseptic loosening rates of the cemented components is low at mid-term follow-up.

Total hip arthroplasty after excision arthroplasty: indications and limits

We reviewed performed a retrospective review of our series of excision arthroplasty patients and identified 16 patients who had undergone the procedure for sepsis, and who we had subsequently subjected to revision to a total hip arthroplasty (THA). Mean follow-up was 96 +/- 15 months. There was a significant reduction in limb length discrepancy and a marked improvement in walking capability. Range of movement improved most in patients under 65 years of age. Patient selection is critical, because THA after excision arthroplasty is complex, and may have less satisfactory results primary surgery.

Ilizarov distraction before revision hip arthroplasty after resection arthroplasty with profound limb shortening

We report the results of Ilizarov gradual distraction to regain 6.7 cm of leg length in a severely contracted hip 11 months after a resection arthroplasty. Restoration of leg length allowed revision hip arthroplasty. At 24 months after the revision arthroplasty, the patient is ambulating independently and pain free. The use of Ilizarov gradual distraction restored leg length and facilitated postoperative function.