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Lv Z, Dong C, Zhang T, Zhang S. Hydrogels in Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:931800. [PMID: 35800332 PMCID: PMC9253563 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.931800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traffic accidents and falling objects are responsible for most spinal cord injuries (SCIs). SCI is characterized by high disability and tends to occur among the young, seriously affecting patients' lives and quality of life. The key aims of repairing SCI include preventing secondary nerve injury, inhibiting glial scarring and inflammatory response, and promoting nerve regeneration. Hydrogels have good biocompatibility and degradability, low immunogenicity, and easy-to-adjust mechanical properties. While providing structural scaffolds for tissues, hydrogels can also be used as slow-release carriers in neural tissue engineering to promote cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as accelerate the repair of damaged tissue. This review discusses the characteristics of hydrogels and their advantages as delivery vehicles, as well as expounds on the progress made in hydrogel therapy (alone or combined with cells and molecules) to repair SCI. In addition, we discuss the prospects of hydrogels in clinical research and provide new ideas for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Lv
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, 1st Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spine Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjiao Zhang
- Medical Insurance Management Department, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- The Department of Spinal Surgery, 1st Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spine Cord Injury, Changchun, China
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Vayas R, Reyes R, Arnau MR, Évora C, Delgado A. Injectable Scaffold for Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 to Repair Cartilage. Cartilage 2021; 12:293-306. [PMID: 30971092 PMCID: PMC8236655 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The limits of the microfracture (MFX) treatment in terms of lesion size and long-term tissue functionality makes it necessary to investigate different alternatives to repair focal cartilage lesions. The present study aims at evaluating the efficacy of a minimally invasive approach against the conventional MFX to repair a chondral defect in rabbits. An injectable scaffold of BMP-2 pre-encapsulated in PLGA microspheres dispersed in a Pluronic F-127 solution is proposed as support of cells and controlled delivery system for the growth factor. DESIGN MFX was compared versus the injectable system seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), both without BMP-2 and under controlled release of BMP-2 at 2 different doses (3 and 12 µg/scaffold). The different treatments were evaluated on a 4-mm diameter chondral defect model using 9 experimental groups of 4 rabbits (8 knees) each, throughout 24 weeks. RESULTS Histologically, all the treated groups, except MFX treated, responded significantly better than the control group (nontreated defect). Although no significant differences were found between the treated groups, only BMP(12), MSC-BMP(12), and MFX-BMP(3) groups showed nonsignificant differences when compared with the normal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS The hydrogel system proposed to control the release rate of the BMP-2 was safe, easily injectable, and also provided good support for cells. Treatments with MSCs or BMP-2 repaired efficiently the chondral lesion created in rabbits, being less invasive than MFX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Vayas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Ntra, Sra. de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology and Genetics, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - María Rosa Arnau
- Servicio de Estabulario y Animalario del Servicio General de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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Beigi MH, Atefi A, Ghanaei HR, Labbaf S, Ejeian F, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Activated platelet-rich plasma improves cartilage regeneration using adipose stem cells encapsulated in a 3D alginate scaffold. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019. [PMID: 29522657 DOI: 10.1002/term.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of superimposing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on different culture mediums in a three-dimensional alginate scaffold encapsulated with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue repair is reported. The three-dimensional alginate scaffolds with co-administration of PRP and/or chondrogenic supplements had a significant effect on the differentiation of adipose mesenchymal stem cells into mature cartilage, as assessed by an evaluation of the expression of cartilage-related markers of Sox9, collagen II, aggrecan and collagen, and glycosaminoglycan assays. For in vivo studies, following induction of osteochondral lesion in a rabbit model, a high degree of tissue regeneration in the alginate plus cell group (treated with PRP plus chondrogenic medium) compared with other groups of cell-free alginate and untreated groups (control) were observed. After 8 weeks, in the alginate plus cell group, functional chondrocytes were observed, which produced immature matrix, and by 16 weeks, the matrix and hyaline-like cartilage became completely homogeneous and integrated with the natural surrounding cartilage in the defect site. Similar effect was also observed in the subchondral bone. The cell-free scaffolds formed fibrocartilage tissue, and the untreated group did not form a continuous cartilage over the defect by 16 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Beigi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atefeh Atefi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Ghanaei
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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Walter SG, Ossendorff R, Schildberg FA. Articular cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering models: a systematic review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:305-316. [PMID: 30382366 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-3057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cartilage regeneration and restoration is a major topic in orthopedic research as cartilaginous degeneration and damage is associated with osteoarthritis and joint destruction. This systematic review aims to summarize current research strategies in cartilage regeneration research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Pubmed search for models investigating single-site cartilage defects as well as chondrogenesis was conducted and articles were evaluated for content by title and abstract. Finally, only manuscripts were included, which report new models or approaches of cartilage regeneration. RESULTS The search resulted in 2217 studies, 200 of which were eligible for inclusion in this review. The identified manuscripts consisted of a large spectrum of research approaches spanning from cell culture to tissue engineering and transplantation as well as sophisticated computational modeling. CONCLUSIONS In the past three decades, knowledge about articular cartilage and its defects has multiplied in clinical and experimental settings and the respective body of research literature has grown significantly. However, current strategies for articular cartilage repair have not yet succeeded to replicate the structure and function of innate articular cartilage, which makes it even more important to understand the current strategies and their impact. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to globally summarize experimental strategies investigating cartilage regeneration in vitro as well as in vivo. This will allow for better referencing when designing new models or strategies and potentially improve research translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Walter
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Ossendorff
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany.
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Scheinpflug J, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Schwarz F, Textor M, Lang A, Schulze F. Journey into Bone Models: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E247. [PMID: 29748516 PMCID: PMC5977187 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex tissue with a variety of functions, such as providing mechanical stability for locomotion, protection of the inner organs, mineral homeostasis and haematopoiesis. To fulfil these diverse roles in the human body, bone consists of a multitude of different cells and an extracellular matrix that is mechanically stable, yet flexible at the same time. Unlike most tissues, bone is under constant renewal facilitated by a coordinated interaction of bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells. It is thus challenging to recreate bone in its complexity in vitro and most current models rather focus on certain aspects of bone biology that are of relevance for the research question addressed. In addition, animal models are still regarded as the gold-standard in the context of bone biology and pathology, especially for the development of novel treatment strategies. However, species-specific differences impede the translation of findings from animal models to humans. The current review summarizes and discusses the latest developments in bone tissue engineering and organoid culture including suitable cell sources, extracellular matrices and microfluidic bioreactor systems. With available technology in mind, a best possible bone model will be hypothesized. Furthermore, the future need and application of such a complex model will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Scheinpflug
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Moritz Pfeiffenberger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Damerau
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Textor
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Lang
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Frank Schulze
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R),10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Fu HD, Wang HR, Li DH. BMP-7 accelerates the differentiation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells into cartilage through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5424-5428. [PMID: 29285071 PMCID: PMC5740575 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate into adipocytes, chondroblasts or cartilage under different stimulation conditions. Identifying a mechanism that triggers the differentiation of MSCs into cartilage may help the development of novel therapeutic approaches for heterotopic ossification, the pathological formation of lamellar bone in soft tissue outside the skeleton that may lead to debilitating immobility. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), including BMP-7, are the most potent growth factors for enhancing bone formation. The current study aimed to understand the potential involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the BMP-7-induced growth of rabbit MSCs (rMSCs). Different concentrations of BMP-7 were applied to cultured rMSCs, and proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Changes in the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, in addition to the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, β-catenin and runt-related transcription factor 2 were observed by western blot analysis. Following treatment with BMP-7, the phosphorylation of GSK-3β was stimulated and the expression of β-catenin, ALP and Runx2 was increased. Furthermore, inhibiting β-catenin signaling with XAV-939 suppressed the BMP-7-mediated changes. The results indicated that the BMP-7-induced differentiation of rMSCs into cartilage was promoted primarily by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Dan Fu
- Immunization Section, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Rui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, P.R. China
| | - Dai-He Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010030, P.R. China
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Nogami M, Kimura T, Seki S, Matsui Y, Yoshida T, Koike-Soko C, Okabe M, Motomura H, Gejo R, Nikaido T. A Human Amnion-Derived Extracellular Matrix-Coated Cell-Free Scaffold for Cartilage Repair: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:680-8. [PMID: 27019057 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from human amniotic mesenchymal cells (HAMs) has various biological activities. In this study, we developed a novel HAM-derived ECM-coated polylactic-co-glycolic acid (ECM-PLGA) scaffold, examined its property on mesenchymal cells, and investigated its potential as a cell-free scaffold for cartilage repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS ECM-PLGA scaffolds were developed by inoculating HAM on a PLGA. After decellularization by irradiation, accumulated ECM was examined. Exogenous cell growth and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the ECM-PLGA were analyzed in vitro by cell attachment/proliferation assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The cell-free ECM-PLGA scaffolds were implanted into osteochondral defects in the trochlear groove of rat knees. After 4, 12, or 24 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the harvested tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS The ECM-PLGA contained ECM that mimicked natural amniotic stroma that contains type I collagen, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfates. The ECM-PLGA showed excellent properties of cell attachment and proliferation. MSCs inoculated on the ECM-PLGA scaffold showed accelerated type II collagen mRNA expression after 3 weeks in culture. The ECM-PLGA implanted into an osteochondral defect in rat knees induced gradual tissue regeneration and resulted in hyaline cartilage repair, which was better than that in the empty control group. CONCLUSION These in vitro and in vivo experiments show that the cell-free scaffold composed of HAM-derived ECM and PLGA provides a favorable growth environment for MSCs and facilitates the cartilage repair process. The ECM-PLGA may become a "ready-made" biomaterial for cartilage repair therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Nogami
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoatsu Kimura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Shoji Seki
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshito Matsui
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiko Yoshida
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Chika Koike-Soko
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Motonori Okabe
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiraku Motomura
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Gejo
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshio Nikaido
- 2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
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Fekrazad R, Eslaminejad MB, Shayan AM, Kalhori KA, Abbas FM, Taghiyar L, Sepehr Pedram M, Ghuchani MS. Effects of Photobiomodulation and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Articular Cartilage Defects in a Rabbit Model. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:543-549. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman M. Shayan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Mashhadi Abbas
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Sepehr Pedram
- Department of Surgery & Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Sadeghi Ghuchani
- Department of Orthodontics, Gorgan Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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Bhardwaj N, Devi D, Mandal BB. Tissue-engineered cartilage: the crossroads of biomaterials, cells and stimulating factors. Macromol Biosci 2014; 15:153-82. [PMID: 25283763 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Damage to cartilage represents one of the most challenging tasks of musculoskeletal therapeutics due to its limited propensity for healing and regenerative capabilities. Lack of current treatments to restore cartilage tissue function has prompted research in this rapidly emerging field of tissue regeneration of functional cartilage tissue substitutes. The development of cartilaginous tissue largely depends on the combination of appropriate biomaterials, cell source, and stimulating factors. Over the years, various biomaterials have been utilized for cartilage repair, but outcomes are far from achieving native cartilage architecture and function. This highlights the need for exploration of suitable biomaterials and stimulating factors for cartilage regeneration. With these perspectives, we aim to present an overview of cartilage tissue engineering with recent progress, development, and major steps taken toward the generation of functional cartilage tissue. In this review, we have discussed the advances and problems in tissue engineering of cartilage with strong emphasis on the utilization of natural polymeric biomaterials, various cell sources, and stimulating factors such as biophysical stimuli, mechanical stimuli, dynamic culture, and growth factors used so far in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we have focused on clinical trials, recent innovations, and future prospects related to cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana Bhardwaj
- Seri-Biotechnology Unit, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, India
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Jagielski M, Wolf J, Marzahn U, Völker A, Lemke M, Meier C, Ertel W, Godkin O, Arens S, Schulze-Tanzil G. The influence of IL-10 and TNFα on chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells in three-dimensional cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:15821-44. [PMID: 25207597 PMCID: PMC4200793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150915821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenic differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for chondrogenic MSC differentiation in comparison to primary chondrocytes and to assess the effect of Interleukin (IL)-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)α on chondrogenesis by MSCs in 3D high-density (H-D) culture. MSCs were isolated from femur spongiosa, characterized using a set of typical markers and introduced in scaffold-free H-D cultures or non-woven polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds for chondrogenic differentiation. H-D cultures were stimulated with recombinant IL-10, TNFα, TNFα + IL-10 or remained untreated. Gene and protein expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, sox9 and TNFα were examined. MSCs expressed typical cell surface markers and revealed multipotency. Chondrogenic differentiated cells expressed cartilage-specific markers in both culture systems but to a lower extent when compared with articular chondrocytes. Chondrogenesis was more pronounced in PGA compared with H-D culture. IL-10 and/or TNFα did not impair the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Moreover, in most of the investigated samples, despite not reaching significance level, IL-10 had a stimulatory effect on the type II collagen, aggrecan and TNFα expression when compared with the respective controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jagielski
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Marzahn
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Anna Völker
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Marion Lemke
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Carola Meier
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Ertel
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Owen Godkin
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Stephan Arens
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department for Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 14195 Berlin, Garystrasse 5, Germany.
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Shi J, Zhang X, Zhu J, Pi Y, Hu X, Zhou C, Ao Y. Nanoparticle delivery of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 gene to adipose-derived stem cells promotes articular cartilage repair in vitro and in vivo. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:2001-2011.e2. [PMID: 24286799 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles delivering pDC316-BMP4-EGFP plasmid into rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in vitro and chondrogenesis of the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4)--transfected ADSCs seeded onto poly(L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLLGA) scaffold in a rabbit model. METHODS Cell viability and transfection efficiency of PLGA nanoparticles were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (Dojindo, Kumamoto, Japan) and flow cytometry. The BMP-4 and chondrogenesis markers were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thirty rabbits (60 knees) with full-thickness cylinder articular cartilage defects (diameter, 4.5 mm; depth, 0.8 mm) on the femoral trochlea were divided into a group in which the BMP-4--transfected ADSCs were seeded onto PLLGA scaffold and implanted into the defects (group ABNP), a group with untransfected ADSCs seeded onto scaffold (group ABP), and a group with a scaffold without cells (group P). Outcomes were evaluated by histology, Rudert score, Pineda score, and scanning electronic microscopy by 2 blinded observers at weeks 6 and 12 postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed with analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The statistical significance level was set at P < .05. RESULTS The expression of chondrogenesis-related genes and proteins was significantly increased in BMP-4--transfected ADSCs in vitro (P < .05). The cell viability was 79.86% ± 5.04% after 24 hours. The transfection efficiency was 25.86% ± 4.27% after 72 hours. Defects in group ABNP showed the best in vivo cartilage regeneration. At week 12, the Rudert scores in group ABNP (7.00 ± 1.75) were better than those in group ABP (6.00 ± 2.00) or group P (5.00 ± 1.75) (P < .05), as were the Pineda scores (2.50 ± 3.00, 5.00 ± 2.00, and 6.00 ± 1.75, respectively; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS BMP-4 plasmid can be successfully delivered into ADSCs by PLGA nanoparticles and promoted in vitro chondrogenesis. When compared with the control cells, BMP-4--transfected ADSCs seeded onto PLLGA scaffold significantly improve in vivo chondrogenesis in a rabbit articular defect model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PLGA nanoparticles and BMP-4 have potential for gene therapy in the treatment of chondral defects of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hui JHP, Goyal D, Nakamura N, Ochi M. Cartilage repair: 2013 Asian update. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:1992-2000. [PMID: 24286798 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite financial and regulatory hurdles, Asian scientists and clinicians have made important contributions in the area of cartilage repair. Because it is impossible to include observations on all the published articles in one review, our attempt is to highlight Asian progress in this area during recent years (2005 to the present), reviewing research development and clinical studies. In the former, our discussion of in vitro studies focuses on (1) potential sources of stem cells--such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from marrow, cord blood, synovium, and mobilized peripheral blood--which are capable of enhancing cartilage repair and (2) the use of growth factors and scaffolds with and without cells. Our discussion of animal studies attempts to summarize activities in evaluating surgical procedures and determining the route of cell administration, as well as studies on matrices and scaffolds. It ranges from the use of small animals such as rats and rabbits to larger animals like pigs and dogs. The local adherent technique, enhancement of microfracture with poly(l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold, adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenic protein (BMP) genes, and MSCs--whether they are magnetically labeled, suspended in hyaluronic acid, or immobilized with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)--have all been able to engineer a repair of the osteochondral defect. Although published Asian reports of clinical studies on cartilage repair are few, the findings of relevant trials are summarized in our discussion of these investigations. There has been a long history of use of laboratory-derived MSCs for cartilage repair. Recent progress has suggested the potential utility of cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood in this area, as well as more injectable bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells. Finally, we make a few suggestions on the direction of research and development activities and the need for collaborative approaches by regulatory agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H P Hui
- Cartilage Repair Program, Therapeutic Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Patrascu JM, Krüger JP, Böss HG, Ketzmar AK, Freymann U, Sittinger M, Notter M, Endres M, Kaps C. Polyglycolic acid-hyaluronan scaffolds loaded with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells show chondrogenic differentiationin vitroand cartilage repair in the rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2013; 101:1310-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenel M. Patrascu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; V. Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | | | - Hademar G. Böss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; V. Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Timisoara Romania
| | | | - Undine Freymann
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Sittinger
- Department of Rheumatology; Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin
| | - Michael Notter
- Department of Hematology and Oncology; Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin Germany
| | - Michaela Endres
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Department of Rheumatology; Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Kaps
- TransTissue Technologies GmbH; Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
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16
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Ye K, Felimban R, Moulton SE, Wallace GG, Bella CD, Traianedes K, Choong PFM, Myers DE. Bioengineering of articular cartilage: past, present and future. Regen Med 2013; 8:333-49. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of cartilage defects poses a clinical challenge owing to the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity of cartilage. The use of tissue engineering techniques to bioengineer articular cartilage is promising and may hold the key to the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue. Natural and synthetic biomaterials have been used to recreate the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through multilayered biomimetic scaffolds. Acellular scaffolds preserve the microarchitecture of articular cartilage through a process of decellularization of biological tissue. Although promising, this technique often results in poor biomechanical strength of the graft. However, biomechanical strength could be improved if biomaterials could be incorporated back into the decellularized tissue to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | - Raed Felimban
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Simon E Moulton
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2552, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), Squires Way, North Wollongong, New South Wales 2552, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Kathy Traianedes
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Peter FM Choong
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Damian E Myers
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
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MacFarlane RJ, Graham SM, Davies PSE, Korres N, Tsouchnica H, Heliotis M, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Anti-inflammatory role and immunomodulation of mesenchymal stem cells in systemic joint diseases: potential for treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:243-54. [PMID: 23293906 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.746954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells characterized by their ability to differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes and a number of other lineages. Investigation into their use has increased in recent years as characterization of their immunomodulatory properties has developed, and their role in the pathophysiology of joint disease has been suggested. AREAS COVERED MSCs demonstrate immunosuppressive functionality by suppressing T- and B-cell responses following activation by cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1α. They also can be induced to exert pro-inflammatory effects in the presence of acute inflammatory environment due to the actions of TNF-α and IFN-γ. In inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, MSCs in bone marrow migrate to joints by a TNF-α-dependent mechanism and may be in part responsible for the disease process. MSCs have also been demonstrated in increased numbers in periarticular tissues in osteoarthritis, which may reflect an attempt at joint regeneration. EXPERT OPINION Clinical applications for MSCs have shown promise in a number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Future work is likely to further reveal the immunosuppressive characteristics of MSCs, their role in the pathophysiology of joint diseases and provide the basis for new avenues for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J MacFarlane
- The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Prescot Street, Liverpool, Merseyside L7 8XP, UK
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A new era of cartilage repair using cell therapy and tissue engineering: turning current clinical limitations into new ideas. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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