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Plesniar J, Breit HC, Clauss M, Donners R. Diagnosing periprosthetic hip joint infection with new-generation 0.55T MRI. Eur J Radiol 2024; 176:111524. [PMID: 38851014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of 0.55 T MRI in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with symptomatic total hip arthroplasty (THA). MATERIAL AND METHODS 0.55 T MRI of patients with THA PJI (Group A) and noninfected THA (Group B), including aseptic loosening (Group C, subgroup of B) performed between May 2021 and July 2023 were analysed retrospectively. Two musculoskeletal fellowship-trained radiologists independently identified MRI bone and soft tissue changes including: marrow oedema, periosteal reaction, osteolysis, joint effusion, capsule oedema and thickening, fluid collections, muscle oedema, bursitis, inguinal adenopathy, and muscle tears. The diagnostic performance of MRI discriminators of PJI was evaluated using Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) and interrater reliability was determined. 61 MRI scans from 60 THA patients (34 female, median age 68, range 41-93 years) in Group A (n = 9; female 4; median age 69, range 56-82 years), B (n = 51; 30; 67.5, 41-93 years), and C (10; 6; 67; 41-82 years) were included. RESULTS Capsule oedema (sensitivity 89 %, specificity 92 %,), intramuscular oedema (89 %, 82 %) and joint effusion (89 %, 73 %) were the best performing discriminators for PJI diagnosis (p ≤ 0.001), when viewed individually and had combined 70 % sensitivity and 100 % specificity for PJI diagnosis in parallel testing. For the differentiation between PJI and aseptic loosening, intramuscular oedema (89 %, 80 %) and capsule oedema (89 %, 80 %) were significant discriminators (p ≤ 0.001) with combined 64 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity for PJI. CONCLUSIONS New generation 0.55 T MRI may aid in the detection of PJI in symptomatic patients. Oedema of the joint capsule, adjacent muscles as well as joint effusion were indicative of the presence of PJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plesniar
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Martin Clauss
- Department for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Center For Muskuloskeletal Infections (ZMSI), University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Donners
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Weissman BN, Palestro CJ, Fox MG, Bell AM, Blankenbaker DG, Frick MA, Jawetz ST, Kuo PH, Said N, Stensby JD, Subhas N, Tynus KM, Walker EA, Kransdorf MJ. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Imaging After Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:S413-S432. [PMID: 38040462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews evidence for performing various imaging studies in patients with total hip prostheses. Routine follow-up is generally performed with radiography. Radiographs are also usually the initial imaging modality for patients with symptoms related to the prosthesis. Following acute injury with pain, noncontrast CT may add information to radiographic examination regarding the presence and location of a fracture, component stability, and bone stock. Image-guided joint aspiration, noncontrast MRI, and white blood cell scan and sulfur colloid scan of the hip, are usually appropriate studies for patients suspected of having periprosthetic infection. For evaluation of component loosening, wear, and/or osteolysis, noncontrast CT or MRI are usually appropriate studies. Noncontrast MRI is usually appropriate for identifying adverse reaction to metal debris related to metal-on-metal articulations. For assessing patients after hip arthroplasty, who have trochanteric pain and nondiagnostic radiographs, ultrasound, or MRI are usually appropriate studies. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where peer reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angela M Bell
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; American College of Physicians
| | - Donna G Blankenbaker
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Phillip H Kuo
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Commission on Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
| | - Nicholas Said
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Katherine M Tynus
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois; American College of Physicians
| | - Eric A Walker
- Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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Li H, Niu E, Fu J, Huang Y, Gao Y, Chai W, Chen J. The Clinical Impact of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6521-6533. [PMID: 37809036 PMCID: PMC10557970 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing was introduced into the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in recent years. However, the clinical impact of mNGS remains unknown. Therefore, we performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the clinical impact of mNGS for PJI diagnosis. Materials and Methods Between April 2019 and April 2021, a total of 201 patients with suspected PJI were recruited in a high-volume PJI revision center. All patients underwent joint aspiration before surgeries and the obtained synovial fluids were sent to tests for the diagnosis of PJI. Based on the clinical evaluation of these patients, the patients were categorized into three groups: Group A: the mNGS reports were not acted upon. Group B: mNGS confirmed the standard diagnostic tests of PJI and generated identical clinical impact compared to standard diagnostic tests. Group C: mNGS results guided clinical therapy. Then, the concordance between synovial mNGS and cultures was analyzed. After that, multivariate regressions were performed to explore the "targeted populations" of mNGS tests. Results A total of 107 patients were diagnosed with PJI based on the 2014 MSIS criteria and there were 33, 123, 45 patients in the group A, B, C respectively. The predictive factors of mNGS inducing clinical impact compared to standard diagnostic tests were negative culture results (adjusted OR: 5.88), previous history of joint infection (adjusted OR: 5.97), polymicrobial PJI revealed by culture (adjusted OR: 4.39) and PJI identified by MSIS criteria (adjusted OR: 17.06). Conclusion When standard diagnostic tests for PJI were performed, about 22% of synovial fluid mNGS tests can change the treatment protocols built on standard diagnostic tests and affect the clinical practice. Thus, the use of synovial fluid mNGS in some "target" populations is more valuable compared to others such as patients with previous joint infection, polymicrobial PJI, and culture-negative PJI. Evidence Level Level I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erlong Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Tsikopoulos K, Meroni G. Periprosthetic Joint Infection Diagnosis: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1485. [PMID: 37887186 PMCID: PMC10604393 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacement of native joints aims to restore patients' quality of life by relieving pain and improving joint function. While periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) affects a small percentage of patients, with an estimated incidence of 1-9% following primary total joint replacement, this postoperative complication necessitates a lengthy hospitalisation, extended antibiotic treatment and further surgery. It is highlighted that establishing the correct diagnosis of periprosthetic infections is critical in order for clinicians to avoid unnecessary treatments in patients with aseptic failure. Of note, the PJI diagnosis could not purely rely upon clinical manifestations given the fact that heterogeneity in host factors (e.g., age and comorbidities), variability in infection period, difference in anatomical location of the involved joint and discrepancies in pathogenicity/virulence of the causative organisms may confound the clinical picture. Furthermore, intra-operative contamination is considered to be the main culprit that can result in early or delayed infection, with the hematogenous spread being the most prevalent mode. To elaborate, early and hematogenous infections often start suddenly, whereas chronic late infections are induced by less virulent bacteria and tend to manifest in a more quiescent manner. Last but not least, viruses and fungal microorganisms exert a role in PJI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsikopoulos
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gabriele Meroni
- One Health Unit, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Li H, Li R, Erlong N, Chai W, Hao L, Xu C, Fu J, Chen J, Zhu F. It can be unnecessary to combine common synovial fluid analysis and alpha-defensin tests for periprosthetic joint infection diagnosis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:529. [PMID: 37386394 PMCID: PMC10308702 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06594-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty. Despite that alpha-defensin was used as diagnostic test in the 2018 ICM (international consensus meeting) criteria, its position in the PJI diagnostic pipeline was controversial. Therefore, we performed a retrospective pilot study to identify whether synovial fluid alpha-defensin test was necessary when corresponding synovial fluid analysis (WBC count, PMN% and LE tests) was performed. METHODS Between May 2015 and October 2018, a total of 90 suspected PJI patients who underwent revisions after TJA were included in this study. Based on the 2018 ICM criteria, the interobserver agreements between preoperative diagnostic results and postoperative diagnostic results and the interobserver reliability between preoperative diagnostic results and postoperative diagnostic results with or without synovial fluid alpha-defensin tests were calculated. After that, the ROC analysis, and the direct cost-effectiveness of adding alpha-defensin was performed. RESULTS There were 48,16 and 26 patients in the PJI group, inconclusive group and non-PJI group, respectively. Adding the alpha-defensin tests into 2018 ICM criteria can't change the preoperative diagnostic results, postoperative diagnostic results, and the concordance between preoperative and postoperative diagnostic results. Moreover, the Risk-benefit Ratio is over 90 per changed decision and the direct cost-effectiveness of alpha-defensin was more than $8370($93*90) per case. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-defensin assay exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for PJI detection as a standalone test based on the 2018 ICM criteria. However, the additional order of Alpha-defensin can't offer additional evidence for PJI diagnosis when corresponding synovial fluid analysis was performed (synovial fluid WBC count, PMN% and LE strip tests). EVIDENCE LEVEL Level II, Diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niu Erlong
- Department of Orthopedics, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - LiBo Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangzheng Zhu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, PLA Rocket Force Characteristics Medical Center, Beijing, 100088 China
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Li H, Fu J, Erlong N, Li R, Xu C, Hao L, Chen J, Chai W. Characterization of periprosthetic environment microbiome in patients after total joint arthroplasty and its potential correlation with inflammation. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:423. [PMID: 37349686 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most serious complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) but the characterization of the periprosthetic environment microbiome after TJA remains unknown. Here, we performed a prospective study based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing to explore the periprosthetic microbiota in patients with suspected PJI. METHODS We recruited 28 patients with culture-positive PJI, 14 patients with culture-negative PJI, and 35 patients without PJI, which was followed by joint aspiration, untargeted metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and bioinformatics analysis. Our results showed that the periprosthetic environment microbiome was significantly different between the PJI group and the non-PJI group. Then, we built a "typing system" for the periprosthetic microbiota based on the RandomForest Model. After that, the 'typing system' was verified externally. RESULTS We found the periprosthetic microbiota can be classified into four types generally: "Staphylococcus type," "Pseudomonas type," "Escherichia type," and "Cutibacterium type." Importantly, these four types of microbiotas had different clinical signatures, and the patients with the former two microbiota types showed obvious inflammatory responses compared to the latter ones. Based on the 2014 Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, clinical PJI was more likely to be confirmed when the former two types were encountered. In addition, the Staphylococcus spp. with compositional changes were correlated with C-reactive protein levels, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the synovial fluid white blood cell count and granulocyte percentage. CONCLUSIONS Our study shed light on the characterization of the periprosthetic environment microbiome in patients after TJA. Based on the RandomForest model, we established a basic "typing system" for the microbiota in the periprosthetic environment. This work can provide a reference for future studies about the characterization of periprosthetic microbiota in periprosthetic joint infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Erlong
- Department of Orthopedics, 305 Hospital of PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Labmayr V, Eckhart FJ, Smolle M, Klim S, Fischerauer SF, Bernhardt G, Seibert FJ. [Sterile puncture of large joints]. OPERATIVE ORTHOPADIE UND TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 35:65-80. [PMID: 36648491 PMCID: PMC9894986 DOI: 10.1007/s00064-022-00786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Puncture of large joints is performed for diagnostic purposes on the one hand and for the treatment of joint pathologies on the other. Puncture can be used for rapid pain relief by relieving effusions or intra-articular hematomas. The obtained puncture specimen allows immediate visual assessment and subsequent microscopic-cytological and microbiological evaluation in the laboratory. INDICATIONS The indication for puncture of a large joint is for diagnosis and/or therapy of inflammatory, traumatic or postoperative joint problems. Diagnostic punctures are used to obtain punctate, to differentiate the location of pain or (rarely) to apply contrast medium for magnetic resonance arthrography. Therapeutic punctures allow the injection of drugs or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as well as the relief or drainage of effusions. CONTRAINDICATIONS If there are inflammatory skin alterations-especially purulent inflammation-joint punctures through these lesions are absolutely contraindicated. Special attention is necessary if the patients are on anticoagulants. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Absolute sterile handling is mandatory. Unnecessary pain can be avoided by a sterile skin wheal of local anesthesia, safe puncture points, and careful handling of the cannulas. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT Joint aspiration material has to be handled according to the local, intrahospital rules in a timely manner. Puncture sites are covered with sterile dressings, and if intra-articular medication is administered, the joints have to be passively moved through the range of motion to distribute the medication. Thereafter, compression therapy from distally to proximally while also covering the puncture site avoids recurrence of swelling or hematoma. FACTS If sterile conditions are guaranteed, infections rarely occur (0.04-0.08%, 4-8/10,000 cases). The risk of false-positive detection of microorganisms is extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Labmayr
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
| | | | - Maria Smolle
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
| | - Sebastian Klim
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
| | - Stefan Franz Fischerauer
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
| | - Gerwin Bernhardt
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
| | - Franz Josef Seibert
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Traumatologie, Medizinische Universität Graz, LKH-Univ. Klinikum Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Österreich
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Lewis G. Antibiotic-free antimicrobial poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cements: A state-of-the-art review. World J Orthop 2022; 13:339-353. [PMID: 35582158 PMCID: PMC9048499 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i4.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is the most serious complication following total joint arthroplasty, this being because it is associated with, among other things, high morbidity and low quality of life, is difficult to prevent, and is very challenging to treat/manage. The many shortcomings of antibiotic-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement (ALBC) as an agent for preventing and treating/ managing PJI are well-known. One is that microorganisms responsible for most PJI cases, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus, have developed or are developing resistance to gentamicin sulfate, which is the antibiotic in the vast majority of approved ALBC brands. This has led to many research efforts to develop cements that do not contain gentamicin (or, for that matter, any antibiotic) but demonstrate excellent antimicrobial efficacy. There is a sizeable body of literature on these so-called “antibiotic-free antimicrobial” PMMA bone cements (AFAMBCs). The present work is a comprehensive and critical review of this body. In addition to summaries of key trends in results of characterization studies of AFAMBCs, the attractive features and shortcomings of the literature are highlighted. Shortcomings provide motivation for future work, with some ideas being formulation of a new generation of AFAMBCs by, example, adding a nanostructured material and/or an extract from a natural product to the powder and/or liquid of the basis cement, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladius Lewis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, United States
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Duck H, Tanner S, Zillmer D, Osmon D, Perry K. Value of ultrasound-guided aspiration of hip arthroplasties performed in an orthopedic clinic by orthopedic surgeons. J Bone Jt Infect 2021; 6:393-403. [PMID: 34804774 PMCID: PMC8600464 DOI: 10.5194/jbji-6-393-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Total joint arthroplasties continue to increase as do periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Ultrasound-guided aspiration can yield useful synovial fluid for analysis while avoiding radiation exposure. This study presents a high-yield, ultrasound-guided technique with analysis of aspiration results. Methods: All consecutive ultrasound-guided aspirations of hip arthroplasties performed from May 2016 through to April 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographic information, component specifics, presence of draining sinus, and inflammatory markers were recorded. Results of aspiration including volume, appearance, lavage use, synovial fluid differential leukocyte count, synovial neutrophil percent, and culture results were recorded. Surgical results, specimen cultures, and surgeon description of purulence were recorded. Aspiration results were compared to the surgical specimen results in all patients who underwent reoperations. Results: Review of 349 hip aspirations demonstrated accuracy of 87 %, sensitivity of 83 %, specificity of 89 %, positive predictive value of 79 %, and negative predictive value 91 %. Surgical and aspiration cultures matched in 81 % of cases. Bloody aspirates and aspirates obtained after lavage had less accuracy at 69 % and 60 %, respectively. Specificity was 100 % for cultures obtained with lavage and 91 % for bloody aspirates. Synovial leukocyte count and neutrophil percentage was obtained in 85 % of aspirations, and cultures were obtained in 98 % of aspirates. Contamination rate was 2 %. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided aspirations aid in the diagnosis of PJI. The use of lavage to obtain fluid is helpful when aspiration cultures are positive. Bloody aspirates are less accurate but have high specificity. A low contamination rate and 88 % accuracy results with this meticulous technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Duck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Suzanne Tanner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Debra Zillmer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Douglas Osmon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
| | - Kevin Perry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, USA
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Li H, Xu C, Hao L, Chai W, Jun F, Chen J. The concordance between preoperative aspiration and intraoperative synovial fluid culture results: intraoperative synovial fluid re-cultures are necessary whether the preoperative aspiration culture is positive or not. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1018. [PMID: 34587890 PMCID: PMC8480038 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative cultures play pivotal roles in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) diagnosis and pathogen identification. But the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative synovial fluid culture remains unknown. We aim to determine (1) the discordance between preoperative and intraoperative synovial fluid (SF) culture and. (2) compared to intraoperative synovial fluid cultures, the sensitivity of preoperative aspiration fluid culture. Then the following question is tried to be answered: Are intraoperative synovial fluid re-cultures necessary if the preoperative aspiration culture is positive? Materials and methods Between 2015 and 2019, 187 PJI patients managed with surgeries were included in this study. Compared to intraoperative synovial fluid culture, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of preoperative aspiration culture were calculated. Then, the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative SF culture was analyzed. Results The sensitivity of preoperative aspiration culture was 81.29% compared to intraoperative synovial fluid cultures. Concordance was identified in 147 PJI (78.61%) patients and culture discordance occurred in 40 patients (21.39%). In these discordant PJI patients, 24 patients (60%) were polymicrobial and no intraoperative synovial fluid culture growth was found in 16 PJI cases (40%). Preoperative monomicrobial staphylococcus results had a sensitivity of and a specificity of 80.43% and 83.16%, respectively. Preoperative polymicrobial results had the lowest sensitivity. Conclusions The intraoperative synovial fluid re-cultures are necessary if the preoperative aspiration culture is positive and the discordance between preoperative aspiration culture and intraoperative synovial fluid culture should be noted especially when Streptococcus spp. and more than one pathogen was revealed by preoperative aspiration culture. Level of evidence: Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - LiBo Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Jun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiying Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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