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Qu D, Lin Y, Jiang H, Shao Y, Shi Y, Airen S, Gregori G, Wang J. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) integrity and its relations to retinal microvasculature and microcirculation in myopic eyes. EYE AND VISION 2018; 5:25. [PMID: 30349842 PMCID: PMC6190551 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-018-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim was to determine retinal nerve fiber layer function and its relations to retinal microvasculature and microcirculation in patients with myopia. Method Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was used to measure phase retardation per unit depth (PR/UD, proportional to the birefringence) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to measure macular vessel density analyzed using fractal analysis. In addition, a retinal function imager (RFI) was used to measure macular blood flow velocities in arterioles and venules. Twenty-two patients with moderate myopia (MM, refraction > 3 and < 6 diopters), seventeen patients with high myopia (HM, ≥ 6 D) and 29 healthy control subjects (HC, ≤ 3.00 D) were recruited. One eye of each patient was imaged. Results Although the average PR/UD of the RNFL in the HM group did not reach a significant level, the birefringence of the inferior quadrant was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the HM group compared to the HC group. Significant thinning of the average RNFL and focal thinning of RFNL in temporal, superior and inferior quadrants in the HM group were found, compared to the HC group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of retinal blood flow velocities in arterioles and venules among groups (P > 0.05). The macular vessel density in both superficial and deep vascular plexuses was significantly lower in the HM group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05) as well as in the MM group than in the HC group (P < 0.05). The average PR/UD and PR/UD in the inferior quadrant were not related to refraction, axial length, blood flow velocities and macular vessel densities (r ranged from − 0.09 to 0.19, P > 0.05). Conclusions The impairment of the retinal nerve fiber birefringence in the HM group may be one of the independent features in high myopic eyes, which appeared not to relate to macular microvascular density and blood flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Qu
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Ying Lin
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.,2State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Hong Jiang
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.,3Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Yi Shao
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Yingying Shi
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Shriya Airen
- 4College of Arts and Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Giovanni Gregori
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- 1Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA.,5Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, 1638 NW 10th Avenue, McKnight Building - Room 202A, Miami, FL 33136 USA
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Chen M, Hou J, Tan G, Xie P, Freeman WR, Beadle JR, Hostetler KY, Cheng L. A novel lipid prodrug strategy for sustained delivery of hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (HDP-PMEG) on unwanted ocular proliferation. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1703-1712. [PMID: 29115885 PMCID: PMC8241053 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1399303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a blinding eye disease and there is no effective pharmacological measure to prevent PVR development. The difficulty comes from lack of potent antiproliferative agent and lack of sustained delivery to cover high-risk time window for PVR to develop. Lipid prodrug of PMEG, hexadecyloxypropyl 9-[(2-phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (HDP-PMEG), was prepared and was evaluated as a pharmacological adjuvant to surgical management of PVR. A dose-escalation study determined that the highest nontoxic dose for intravitreal use in pigmented rabbits was 3 µg per eye. The genotoxicity of HDP-PMEG was harnessed as a perioperative preventative measure against PVR in a rabbit eye model while the sustained intravitreal pharmacological effect was evaluated on a laser-induced fibrovascular model in rat eye. After intravitreal 3 µg, HDP-PMEG particles in the rabbit vitreous was visible for at least 6 weeks. A single 50-min intravitreal infusion of HDP-PMEG demonstrated significant inhibition of PVR formation when compared with the eyes infused with only BSS (BSS vs. HDP-PMEG: estimate = 1.14, OR = 3.1, p = .027). A single intravitreal 104 ng (equivalent to 3 µg for rabbit eye) of HDP-PMEG significantly inhibit laser-induced fibrovascular proliferation in rat eye by 55% (least square mean pixel, BSS = 4763569.5 vs. HDP-PMEG = 2148129.7, p < .0001, generalized estimating equation [GEE]). Retinal fluorescein angiography showed the odds for BSS intervened eyes to have higher-rated FA leaking grades were 38.5 times compared with HDP-PMEG treated eyes (p < .0001, GEE). Our study results indicate that single intravitreal HDP-PMEG may be a promising ocular drug delivery as a perioperative intervention to prevent PVR reoccurrence following primary surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- a Institute of Ocular Pharmacology , School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Department of Ophthalmology, Dazhou Central Hospital , Dazhou , Sichuan , China
| | - Jiangping Hou
- a Institute of Ocular Pharmacology , School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,c Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan City , Shandong , China
| | - Guilin Tan
- a Institute of Ocular Pharmacology , School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Peng Xie
- a Institute of Ocular Pharmacology , School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - William R Freeman
- d Jacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - James R Beadle
- e Department of Medicine , University of California, San Diego and the San Diego Veterans Medical Research Foundation , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Karl Y Hostetler
- e Department of Medicine , University of California, San Diego and the San Diego Veterans Medical Research Foundation , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- a Institute of Ocular Pharmacology , School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , Zhejiang , China.,d Jacobs Retina Center at Shiley Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Apostolopoulos S, Sznitman R. Efficient OCT Volume Reconstruction From Slitlamp Microscopes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2017; 64:2403-2410. [PMID: 28141513 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2017.2657884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Since its introduction 25 years ago, Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has contributed tremendously to diagnostic and monitoring capabilities of pathologies in the field of ophthalmology. Despite rapid progress in hardware and software technology however, the price of OCT devices has remained high, limiting their use in private practice, and in screening examinations. In this paper, we present a slitlamp-integrated OCT device, built with off-the-shelf components, which can generate high-quality volumetric images of the posterior eye segment. To do so, we present a novel strategy for 3D image reconstruction in this challenging domain that allows us for state-of-the-art OCT volumes to be generated at fast speeds. The result is an OCT device that can match current systems in clinical practice, at a significantly lower cost.
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Tan J, Yang Y, Jiang H, Liu C, Deng Z, Lam BL, Hu L, Oakley J, Wang J. The measurement repeatability using different partition methods of intraretinal tomographic thickness maps in healthy human subjects. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:2403-2415. [PMID: 27942202 PMCID: PMC5136365 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s117494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the repeatability and profiles with different partition methods in intraretinal thickness layers in healthy human subjects, using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A custom-built ultrahigh-resolution OCT was used to acquire three-dimensional volume of the macula in 20 healthy subjects. The dataset was acquired twice using the macular cube 512×128 protocol in an area of 6×6 mm2 centered on the fovea. Commercially available segmentation software (Orion™) was used to segment the dataset into thickness maps of six intraretinal layers. The coefficient of repeatability and intraclass coefficient of correlation (ICC) were analyzed using hemispheric zoning and sectors defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Results All datasets were successfully segmented to create six thickness maps of individual intraretinal layers. Coefficients of repeatabilities of these layers in hemispheric zones ranged from 0.9 to 6.6 µm, with an average of 3.6 µm (standard deviation [SD] 1.4), which was not significantly different compared to ETDRS sectors (P>0.05). ICCs of these layers in hemispheric zones ranged from 0.68 to 0.99, with an average of 0.91 (SD 0.07). There were no significant differences in ICCs between two zoning methods (P>0.05). Significant variations of tomographic intraretinal thicknesses were found between the inner and outer annuli and among the quadrantal sectors within the inner and outer annuli (P<0.05). Significant variations of the quadrantal sectors including both inner and outer annuli were evident in intraretinal layers (P<0.05) except for the outer plexiform layer. Conclusion The measurement repeatabilities of tomographic thicknesses of intraretinal layers are comparable using both hemispheric and ETDRS partitions in volumetric data combined with the commercially available segmentation software. In keeping with known, normal anatomical variation, significant differences in tomographic thickness in various intraretinal layers were apparent in both hemispheric and ETDRS sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Che Liu
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Liang Hu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Repeatability and reproducibility of eight macular intra-retinal layer thicknesses determined by an automated segmentation algorithm using two SD-OCT instruments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87996. [PMID: 24505345 PMCID: PMC3914879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of thickness profile measurements of eight intra-retinal layers determined by an automated algorithm applied to optical coherence tomography (OCT) images from two different instruments. Methods Twenty normal subjects (12 males, 8 females; 24 to 32 years old) were enrolled. Imaging was performed with a custom built ultra-high resolution OCT instrument (UHR-OCT, ∼3 µm resolution) and a commercial RTVue100 OCT (∼5 µm resolution) instrument. An automated algorithm was developed to segment the macular retina into eight layers and quantitate the thickness of each layer. The right eye of each subject was imaged two times by the first examiner using each instrument to assess intra-observer repeatability and once by the second examiner to assess inter-observer reproducibility. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficients of repeatability and reproducibility (COR) were analyzed to evaluate the reliability. Results The ICCs for the intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer reproducibility of both SD-OCT instruments were greater than 0.945 for the total retina and all intra-retinal layers, except the photoreceptor inner segments, which ranged from 0.051 to 0.643, and the outer segments, which ranged from 0.709 to 0.959. The CORs were less than 6.73% for the total retina and all intra-retinal layers. The total retinal thickness measured by the UHR-OCT was significantly thinner than that measured by the RTVue100. However, the ICC for agreement of the thickness profiles between UHR-OCT and RTVue OCT were greater than 0.80 except for the inner segment and outer segment layers. Conclusions Thickness measurements of the intra-retinal layers determined by the automated algorithm are reliable when applied to images acquired by the UHR-OCT and RTVue100 instruments.
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Tao A, Shao Y, Zhong J, Jiang H, Shen M, Wang J. Versatile optical coherence tomography for imaging the human eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1031-44. [PMID: 23847729 PMCID: PMC3704085 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the feasibility of a CMOS-based spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) for versatile ophthalmic applications of imaging the corneal epithelium, limbus, ocular surface, contact lens, crystalline lens, retina, and full eye in vivo. The system was based on a single spectrometer and an alternating reference arm with four mirrors. A galvanometer scanner was used to switch the reference beam among the four mirrors, depending on the imaging application. An axial resolution of 7.7 μm in air, a scan depth of up to 37.7 mm in air, and a scan speed of up to 70,000 A-lines per second were achieved. The approach has the capability to provide high-resolution imaging of the corneal epithelium, contact lens, ocular surface, and tear meniscus. Using two reference mirrors, the zero delay lines were alternatively placed on the front cornea or on the back lens. The entire ocular anterior segment was imaged by registering and overlapping the two images. The full eye through the pupil was measured when the reference arm was switched among the four reference mirrors. After mounting a 60 D lens in the sample arm, this SD-OCT was used to image the retina, including the macula and optical nerve head. This system demonstrates versatility and simplicity for multi-purpose ophthalmic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhu Tao
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yilei Shao
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianguang Zhong
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Ye Y, Jiang H, Shen M, Lam BL, DeBuc DC, Ge L, Sehi M, Wang J. Retinal oximetry using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:2085-92. [PMID: 23271891 PMCID: PMC3526916 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s37774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the repeatability of retinal oximetry using slit-lamp adapted ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (SL-UHR-OCT). METHODS SL-UHR-OCT was developed and fringe patterns were obtained for a major retinal artery and a major retinal vein. A-scans at the central wavelengths of 805 nm and 855 nm were analyzed for calculating optical density ratios (ODRs), from which the percentage oxygen saturation was calculated. Measurements were made on two occasions for each person. Repeatability and coefficients of repeatability were calculated. RESULTS The mean ODRs of the artery were 0.79 ± 0.86 and 0.88 ± 0.97 in sessions 1 and 2, respectively. The mean ODRs of the vein were -0.08 ± 0.69 and 0.14 ± 0.77 between the two sessions, and were significantly lower than that of the artery (P < 0.05). The coefficients of repeatability were 1.44 and 1.81 for the artery and vein, respectively. The mean oxygen saturation of the major retinal artery was 94% ± 45% and 98% ± 51% in sessions 1 and 2, respectively, and the mean oxygen saturation of the major retinal vein was 48% ± 36% and 60% ± 40% between sessions. CONCLUSION Optical coherence tomographic oximetry for evaluating retinal oxygen saturation was subject to variation, although the averaged measurements in repeated sessions were matched. Further work on reducing variation will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ye
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Byron L Lam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Lili Ge
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mitra Sehi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Shen M, Lam BL, DeBuc DC, Ye Y, Li M, Tao A, Shao Y, Wang J. Quantitative analysis of the intraretinal layers and optic nerve head using ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:066013. [PMID: 22734769 PMCID: PMC3381522 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.6.066013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study is designed to test the repeatability of the quantitative analysis of intraretinal layer thickness and cup-disc ratio of the optic nerve head using ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT). Group A, containing 23 eyes of 12 healthy subjects, was imaged twice and group B, containing eight eyes of four subjects, was imaged three times. Intraretinal layers were segmented manually and the cup-to-disc ratio of the optic nerve head was analyzed. Custom-built automatic segmentation software was also used to segment a set of images for comparison. A total of nine intraretinal layers were visualized and extracted manually. With group A, the central foveal thickness was 186.4 ± 15.9 μm (mean ± SD). The average retinal thickness was 296.4 ± 21.3 μm. The best repeatability, obtained when two repeated scans were taken, was obtained for the outer nuclear layer followed by the ganglion cell layer, the inner nuclear layer, the retinal nerve fiber layer and the worst was obtained for the outer segment. The intraclass correlation ranged from 0.824 to 0.997. The coefficients of repeatability ranged from 3.24 to 18.3 μm, corresponding to 1.47% to 26.20%. With group B, high interclass correlations were found and the automatic segmentation results were compatible with the manual results. Our results indicated that more retinal features might be imageable using UHR-OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Hong Jiang
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
- University of Miami, Neurology, Miami, Florida
| | - Meixiao Shen
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Byron L. Lam
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Yufeng Ye
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
- Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Aizhu Tao
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Yilei Shao
- Wenzhou Medical College, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Jianhua Wang
- University of Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, Florida
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