Ocular and orbital tumors in childhood

Pediatric tumors of the eye and orbit can be benign or malignant as well as congenital or acquired and are usually distinctively different than those seen in adults. Although most of these neoplasms are benign (eg, dermoid cyst, chalazion, molluscum), their location near and within a vital organ can result in serious dermatologic and ophthalmologic sequelae. Lesions discussed include vascular lesions, retinoblastomas (the most common primary pediatric intraocular malignancy), rhabdomyosarcoma (the most common primary pediatric orbital malignancy), Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and metastatic lesions to the orbit (neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma). Although cysts and ocular melanoma can occur within the pediatric population, these conditions are covered in other contributions in this issue of Clinics in Dermatology.

Intraocular Tumors: Angiographic Patterns

Intraocular tumors are primarily diagnosed clinically. However, ancillary tests such as fluorescein angiogram provides excellent visualization of retinal tumors while indocyanine green angiography reveals intrinsic vascular patterns of choroidal tumors. In this review, we contrast angiographic patterns of a variety of retinal, choroidal, and iris tumors.

Multimodal imaging in pediatric arterial macroaneurysm: A case report

Our aim is to report a case of asymptomatic retinal arterial macroaneurysm in a 9-year-old female patient. She was referred to our Ophthalmology clinic for a routine ophthalmologic examination and, after the detection of a juxtafoveal saccular vascular enlargement in indirect ophthalmoscopy, underwent a multimodal imaging assessment. Optical coherence tomography-angiography and fluorescein angiography were important to determine the nature of the lesion, identified as a congenital retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Retinal vascular abnormalities represent a rare finding in pediatric patients and must be carefully explored to establish the correct diagnosis. A multimodal imaging approach was very useful to thoroughly reach this target. Vascular abnormalities represent a rare finding in pediatric patients and must be carefully explored to establish the correct diagnosis. A multimodal imaging approach is very useful to study in deep the reported arterial macroaneurysm in a non-invasive way.