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Herreros-Pomares A, Hervás D, Bagan-Debon L, Proaño A, Garcia D, Sandoval J, Bagan J. Oral cancers preceded by proliferative verrucous leukoplakia exhibit distinctive molecular features. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1072-1083. [PMID: 36892444 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) has high rates of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the clinical and evolutionary pattern of OSCC from PVL (PVL-OSCC) is more favorable than that of OSCC not preceded by PVL (OSCC). Here, we aimed to explore the pathophysiologic differences between PVL-OSCC and OSCC through transcriptomic and DNA methylation analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, oral biopsies from 8 PVL-OSCC and 10 OSCC patients were obtained for global sequencing using RNAseq and a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis via the Infinium EPIC Platform (graphical abstract). RESULTS One hundred and thirty-three differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, 94 of them upregulated in OSCC. Most of these genes were previously described in cancer and associated with prognosis. The integrative analysis revealed 26 DEGs, corresponding to 37 CpGs, whose promoters were regulated by DNA methylation. Twenty-nine of the CpGs were found as hypermethylated in PVL-OSCC. Only 5 of the genes that were aberrantly methylated and differentially expressed were upregulated in PVL-OSCC patients, whereas 21 were underexpressed. CONCLUSIONS PVL-OSCC patients presented lower expression of cancer-related genes. Hypermethylation of the promoter region of many genes was also noticed, indicating that DNA methylation could be a regulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Herreros-Pomares
- Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa Aplicadas y Calidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leticia Bagan-Debon
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Proaño
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diana Garcia
- Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Bagan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Medicina Oral Unit, Stomatology Department, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Precancer and oral cancer research group of Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
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Wang JH, Li CR, Hou PL. Feature screening for survival trait with application to TCGA high-dimensional genomic data. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13098. [PMID: 35291482 PMCID: PMC8918142 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In high-dimensional survival genomic data, identifying cancer-related genes is a challenging and important subject in the field of bioinformatics. In recent years, many feature screening approaches for survival outcomes with high-dimensional survival genomic data have been developed; however, few studies have systematically compared these methods. The primary purpose of this article is to conduct a series of simulation studies for systematic comparison; the second purpose of this article is to use these feature screening methods to further establish a more accurate prediction model for patient survival based on the survival genomic datasets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Results Simulation studies prove that network-adjusted feature screening measurement performs well and outperforms existing popular univariate independent feature screening methods. In the application of real data, we show that the proposed network-adjusted feature screening approach leads to more accurate survival prediction than alternative methods that do not account for gene-gene dependency information. We also use TCGA clinical survival genetic data to identify biomarkers associated with clinical survival outcomes in patients with various cancers including esophageal, pancreatic, head and neck squamous cell, lung, and breast invasive carcinomas. Conclusions These applications reveal advantages of the new proposed network-adjusted feature selection method over alternative methods that do not consider gene-gene dependency information. We also identify cancer-related genes that are almost detected in the literature. As a result, the network-based screening method is reliable and credible.
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Kisling SG, Natarajan G, Pothuraju R, Shah A, Batra SK, Kaur S. Implications of prognosis-associated genes in pancreatic tumor metastasis: lessons from global studies in bioinformatics. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:721-738. [PMID: 34591244 PMCID: PMC8556170 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 10%. The occurrence of metastasis, among other hallmarks, is the main contributor to its poor prognosis. Consequently, the elucidation of metastatic genes involved in the aggressive nature of the disease and its poor prognosis will result in the development of new treatment modalities for improved management of PC. There is a deep interest in understanding underlying disease pathology, identifying key prognostic genes, and genes associated with metastasis. Computational approaches, which have become increasingly relevant over the last decade, are commonly used to explore such interests. This review aims to address global studies that have employed global approaches to identify prognostic and metastatic genes, while highlighting their methods and limitations. A panel of 48 prognostic genes were identified across these studies, but only five, including ANLN, ARNTL2, PLAU, TOP2A, and VCAN, were validated in multiple studies and associated with metastasis. Their association with metastasis has been further explored here, and the implications of these genes in the metastatic cascade have been interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Kisling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Ashu Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
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Guo N, Liang J, Gao X, Yang X, Fan X, Zhao Y. Overexpressed HGF promotes metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through the PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4527-4543. [PMID: 34435890 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of HGF in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is not clear. Methods: Reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, gelatin zymography, immunohistochemistry, actin polymerization, chemotaxis and migration assays were used in the authors' study. Results: HGF expression level was upregulated in SCCHN cells, which was associated with clinical stage; tumor, node, metastasis classification; and lymphatic invasion. SCCHN cells with high Met expression were sensitive to cell invasion, which was blocked by inhibiting PI3K/Akt and JNK. HGF induced MMP9 expression and enhanced its activity. Akt induced the activation of JNK through the PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways. Conclusion: HGF upregulates MMP9 through the activation of the PI3K/Akt and JNK signaling pathways in SCCHN cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Guo
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwang Liang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Fan
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejiao Zhao
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu N, Zhong L, Ni G, Lin J, Xie L, Li T, Dan H, Chen Q. High Matrix Metalloproteinase 28 Expression is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4391-4406. [PMID: 34408436 PMCID: PMC8364391 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s309576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a devastating disease with high mortality and morbidity. Matrix metalloproteinase 28 (MMP28) has been associated with carcinogenesis of many human cancers. However, little is known about the potential prognostic value and underlying regulatory mechanisms of MMP28 in PAAD. Methods The relationship between MMP28 expression level and various clinicopathological parameters was analyzed in TCGA-PAAD cohorts. MMP28-correlated genes in the TCGA-PAAD cohort were identified and enrichment analysis according to the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes was conducted using LinkedOmics. Protein–protein interaction and transcription factors-miRNA co-regulatory networks were constructed with the use of NetworkAnalyst. Then, the distribution of immune cells related to MMP28 expression in blood was analyzed using the Human Protein Atlas, and the tumor microenvironment of PAAD was analyzed by the TIMER 2.0 database. To investigate the biological function of MMP28 in PAAD, siRNA was constructed to knock down the MMP28 gene in vitro. Results High MMP28 expression is associated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival in PAAD patients. The expression of MMP28 in PAAD is most significantly correlated with KRT19, IL1RN, and ANXA2 genes. Network analysis revealed that MIR-181 family, TAFs, and CDC6 are potential regulators of MMP28. Furthermore, naive CD4+ T cell, naive CD8+ T cell, and mucosal-associated invariant T cell enrichment in blood were correlated with MMP28 expression. Furthermore, high MMP28 expression was correlated with a decrease in B cell, naive CD4+ T cell, naive CD8+ T cell, and endothelial cell presence in the tumor microenvironment in PAAD. Finally, genetic knockdown of MMP28 could restrain the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PAAD cells. Conclusion Our findings indicate that high MMP28 expression in PAAD is associated with cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, MMP28 might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and a prospective therapeutic target for PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Taiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Carron J, Della Coletta R, Lourenço GJ. Pseudogene Transcripts in Head and Neck Cancer: Literature Review and In Silico Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081254. [PMID: 34440428 PMCID: PMC8391979 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered nonfunctional, pseudogene transcripts are now known to provide valuable information for cancer susceptibility, including head and neck cancer (HNC), a serious health problem worldwide, with about 50% unimproved overall survival over the last decades. The present review focuses on the role of pseudogene transcripts involved in HNC risk and prognosis. We combined current literature and in silico analyses from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify the most deregulated pseudogene transcripts in HNC and their genetic variations. We then built a co-expression network and performed gene ontology enrichment analysis to better understand the pseudogenes’ interactions and pathways in HNC. In the literature, few pseudogenes have been studied in HNC. Our in silico analysis identified 370 pseudogene transcripts associated with HNC, where SPATA31D5P, HERC2P3, SPATA31C2, MAGEB6P1, SLC25A51P1, BAGE2, DNM1P47, SPATA31C1, ZNF733P and OR2W5 were found to be the most deregulated and presented several genetic alterations. NBPF25P, HSP90AB2P, ZNF658B and DPY19L2P3 pseudogenes were predicted to interact with 12 genes known to participate in HNC, DNM1P47 was predicted to interact with the TP53 gene, and HLA-H pseudogene was predicted to interact with HLA-A and HLA-B genes. The identified pseudogenes were associated with cancer biology pathways involving cell communication, response to stress, cell death, regulation of the immune system, regulation of gene expression, and Wnt signaling. Finally, we assessed the prognostic values of the pseudogenes with the Kaplan–Meier Plotter database, and found that expression of SPATA31D5P, SPATA31C2, BAGE2, SPATA31C1, ZNF733P and OR2W5 pseudogenes were associated with patients’ survival. Due to pseudogene transcripts’ potential for cancer diagnosis, progression, and as therapeutic targets, our study can guide new research to HNC understanding and development of new target therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carron
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Della Coletta
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Gustavo Jacob Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-888, São Paulo, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-9120
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Sniegowski T, Korac K, Bhutia YD, Ganapathy V. SLC6A14 and SLC38A5 Drive the Glutaminolysis and Serine-Glycine-One-Carbon Pathways in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030216. [PMID: 33806675 PMCID: PMC8000594 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The glutaminolysis and serine–glycine–one-carbon pathways represent metabolic reactions that are reprogramed and upregulated in cancer; these pathways are involved in supporting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Glutaminolysis participates in the production of lactate, an oncometabolite, and also in anabolic reactions leading to the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol. The serine–glycine–one-carbon pathway is involved in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines and the control of the epigenetic signature (DNA methylation, histone methylation) in cancer cells. Methionine is obligatory for most of the methyl-transfer reactions in the form of S-adenosylmethionine; here, too, the serine–glycine–one-carbon pathway is necessary for the resynthesis of methionine following the methyl-transfer reaction. Glutamine, serine, glycine, and methionine are obligatory to fuel these metabolic pathways. The first three amino acids can be synthesized endogenously to some extent, but the need for these amino acids in cancer cells is so high that they also have to be acquired from extracellular sources. Methionine is an essential amino acid, thus making it necessary for cancer cells to acquire this amino acid solely from the extracellular milieu. Cancer cells upregulate specific amino acid transporters to meet this increased demand for these four amino acids. SLC6A14 and SLC38A5 are the two transporters that are upregulated in a variety of cancers to mediate the influx of glutamine, serine, glycine, and methionine into cancer cells. SLC6A14 is a Na+/Cl− -coupled transporter for multiple amino acids, including these four amino acids. In contrast, SLC38A5 is a Na+-coupled transporter with rather restricted specificity towards glutamine, serine, glycine, and methionine. Both transporters exhibit unique functional features that are ideal for the rapid proliferation of cancer cells. As such, these two amino acid transporters play a critical role in promoting the survival and growth of cancer cells and hence represent novel, hitherto largely unexplored, targets for cancer therapy.
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Garnett S, de Bruyns A, Provencher-Tom V, Dutchak K, Shu R, Dankort D. Metabolic Regulator IAPP (Amylin) Is Required for BRAF and RAS Oncogene-Induced Senescence. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:874-885. [PMID: 33500359 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by a prolonged and predominantly irreversible cell-cycle arrest state, which is linked to loss of tissue function and aging in mammals. Moreover, in response to aberrant oncogenic signals such as those from oncogenic RAS or BRAF, senescence functions as an intrinsic tumor suppressor mechanism restraining tumor progression. In addition to this durable proliferative block, senescent cells adopt altered morphologies, transcriptional profiles, and metabolism, while often possessing unusual heterochromatin formation termed senescence-associated heterochromatic foci. To uncover genes that are required to permit proliferation in the face of sustained oncogene signaling, we conducted an shRNA-based genetic screen in primary cells expressing inducible BRAF. Here we show that depletion of a known glycolysis regulator, islet amylin polypeptide (IAPP also known as amylin), prevents RAS and BRAF oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) in human cells. Importantly, depletion of IAPP resulted in changes of the cells' metabolome and this metabolic reprogramming was associated with widespread alterations in chromatin modifications compared with senescent cells. Conversely, exogenous treatment of IAPP-depleted cells with amylin restored OIS. Together, our results demonstrate that the metabolic regulator IAPP is important regulator of OIS. Moreover, they suggest that IAPP analog treatment or activation of IAPP signaling in RAS/BRAF mutant tumors may have therapeutic potential through senescence induction. IMPLICATIONS: These findings demonstrate that IAPP is a novel metabolic regulator of oncogene-induced senescence and use of IAPP analogs may be therapeutically effective to restore growth arrest to BRAF and/or RAS mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Garnett
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - Ran Shu
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal QC, Canada. .,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Montréal QC, Canada
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