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Ahuja G, Arauz YLA, van Heuvelen MJG, Kortholt A, Oroszi T, van der Zee EA. The effects of whole-body vibration therapy on immune and brain functioning: current insights in the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1422152. [PMID: 39144715 PMCID: PMC11323691 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1422152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy is a way of passive exercise in which subjects are exposed to mild and well-controlled mechanical vibrations through a vibrating platform. For a long time, studies have focused on the effects and applications of WBV to enhance musculoskeletal performance in athletes and patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. Recent evidence points toward the positive effect of WBV on the brain and its therapeutic potential in brain disorders. Research being done in the field gradually reveals cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying WBV affecting the body and brain. Particularly, the influence of WBV on immune and brain function is a growing field that warrants an up-to-date and integrated review. Immune function is closely intertwined with brain functioning and plays a significant role in various brain disorders. Dysregulation of the immune response is linked to conditions such as neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and mood disorders, highlighting the crucial connection between the immune system and the brain. This review aims to explore the impact of WBV on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in immune and brain functions. Understanding the effects of WBV at a cellular and molecular level will aid in optimizing WBV protocols to improve its therapeutic potential for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Ahuja
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Y. Laurisa Arenales Arauz
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Marieke J. G. van Heuvelen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arjan Kortholt
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tamás Oroszi
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy A. van der Zee
- Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Tsai CL, Chen ZR, Chia PS, Pan CY, Tseng YT, Chen WC. Acute resistance exercise combined with whole body vibration and blood flow restriction: Molecular and neurocognitive effects in late-middle-aged and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112450. [PMID: 38710456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Limited research exists regarding the effects of resistance exercise (RE) combined with whole body vibration (WBV), blood flow restriction (BFR), or both on the neuropsychological performance of working memory (WM) in late-middle-aged and older adults and regarding the physiological mechanisms underlying this effect. This study thus explored the acute molecular and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying WM performance following RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned into a WBV, BFR, or WBV + BFR group. Before and after the participants engaged in a single bout of isometric RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both, this study gathered data on several neurocognitive measures of WM performance, namely, accuracy rate (AR), reaction time (RT), and brain event-related potential (specifically P3 latency and amplitude), and data on biochemical indices, such as the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), norepinephrine (NE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Although none of the RE modalities significantly affected RTs and P3 latencies, ARs and P3 amplitudes significantly improved in the WBV and WBV + BFR groups. The WBV + BFR group exhibited greater improvements than the WBV group did. Following acute RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both, IGF-1 and NE levels significantly increased in all groups, whereas BDNF levels did not change. Crucially, only the changes in NE levels were significantly correlated with improvements in ARs in the WBV + BFR and WBV groups. The findings suggest that combining acute RE with WBV, BFR, or both could distinctively mitigate neurocognitive decline in late-middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Shan Chia
- Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
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Woodham TJ, Haas JW, Fortner MO, Oakley PA, Harrison DE. Resolution of Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine by Correcting a Cervical Spine Kyphosis Utilizing the Chiropractic BioPhysics® (CBP®) Technique: A Case Report With Long-Term Follow-Up. Cureus 2024; 16:e63774. [PMID: 38974394 PMCID: PMC11227427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A 19-year-old male suffered from sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM) for several years and experienced significant pain and disability with sensory and motor disturbances during the migraine headaches. Weakness, abnormal vision, abnormal sensation, one-sided disabling motor weakness, and other signs of SHM were diagnosed. The patient had received previous physical therapy, chiropractic and over-the-counter medications, as well as migraine-specific prescriptions without lasting improvements. Chiropractic BioPhysics® (CBP®) spinal structural rehabilitation protocols were used to increase cervical lordosis and improve cervical muscular strength, mobility, and posture. These protocols include spine-specific prescriptions for Mirror Image® postural exercises, traction, and spinal manipulative therapy. After 24 treatments over eight weeks, all subjective and objective outcomes improved dramatically with a near resolution of all initial symptoms of SHM. There were a significant increase in cervical lordosis and a reduction in forward head posture. The neck disability index improved from 26% to 6%, and all pain scores for all regions improved following treatment. A 10-month follow-up exam showed the outcomes were maintained. SHM is rare and debilitating, is part of the global burden of disease, and is a major cause of disability in the world. Reports of successful conservative and non-conservative long-term treatments for SHM are rare, and there are no clinical trials showing successful treatments for SHM. This successful case demonstrates preliminary evidence that CBP spinal structural rehabilitation may serve as a treatment option for SHM. Future studies are needed to replicate the findings from this case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason W Haas
- Research, Chiropractic BioPhysics (CBP) NonProfit, Windsor, USA
| | | | | | - Deed E Harrison
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chiropractic BioPhysics (CBP) NonProfit, Eagle, USA
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Hu Y, Fang B, Tian X, Wang H, Tian X, Yu F, Li T, Yang Z, Shi R. Passive exercise is an effective alternative to HRT for restoring OVX induced mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1356312. [PMID: 38356957 PMCID: PMC10864566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1356312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal women are more prone to develop muscle weakness, which is strongly associated with impairment of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to examine the impact of a passive exercise modality, whole-body vibration training (WBVT), on muscle mitochondrial function in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, in comparison with 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement. Methods Female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups: sham operation control group (Sham), ovariectomized group (OVX), OVX with E2 supplement group (OVX+E), and OVX with WBVT group (OVX+W). The estrous cycle, body weight, body composition, and muscle strength of the mice were monitored after the operation. Serum E2 level was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ATP levels were determined using a luciferase-catalyzed bioluminescence assay. The activity of mitochondrial respiration chain complexes was evaluated using high-resolution respirometry (O2K). Expression levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were detected using western blotting. Results We observed decreased muscle strength and impaired mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle of OVX mice. The vibration training alleviated these impairments as much as the E2 supplement. In addition, the vibration training was superior to the ovariectomy and the estradiol replacement regarding the protein expression of PGC-1α and TFAM. Conclusion WBVT improves the OVX-induced decline in muscle strength and impairment of mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. This passive exercise strategy may be useful as an alternative to E2 replacement for preventing menopausal muscular weakness. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of WBVT on various physiological systems, and precautions should be taken when implementing it in patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Rengfei Shi
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Oakley PA, Haas JW, Woodham T, Fortner M, Harrison DE. Subjective and Objective Improvement in a 39-Year-Old Male Suffering From Severe Chronic Pain and Disability Using Chiropractic BioPhysics® Protocols Following Rear-Impact Motor Vehicle Crash With a 10-Month Long-Term Follow-Up. Cureus 2023; 15:e50849. [PMID: 38125689 PMCID: PMC10732608 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a patient receiving structural rehabilitation following a rear-impact motor vehicle collision (MVC). Medications did not alleviate the symptoms of the crash injuries. Resolution of injury-caused pain and disability was found following postural and structural rehabilitation treatment. A 39-year-old male was injured in a rear-impact collision between two very large vehicles. Severe migraine headaches, neck pain, and radiculopathy, as well as lower back pain, were the result of the crash. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) demonstrated that the symptoms were causing severe disability and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures. Radiographs found spine alignment abnormalities consistent with rear impact MVC. Chiropractic Biophysics® (CBP®) structural rehabilitation was performed. Following a treatment regimen involving strengthening weakened and damaged muscles, postural and spinal traction, postural spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), and home therapies resulted in the resolution of the symptoms. All outcome measures demonstrated improvement, including Short-Form 36 question health questionnaire (SF-36), quadruple visual analog scale (QVAS), headache disability index (HDI), neck disability index (NDI), revised Oswestry disability index (RODI), as well as significant measured improvements found on radiographs. Spine pain and altered alignment are frequent results of MVCs. If left uncorrected, these abnormalities increase the likelihood of chronic pain and disability. Combined low back pain (LBP), neck pain (NP), headache (HA), and radiculopathy, as found in our subject, significantly pre-dispose the individual to poor HRQoL, years lived with disability (YLDs) and increased the global burden of disease (GBD). Physicians who treat injured patients should have a repeatable, reliable, valid, and efficacious method to reduce pain, increase range of motion (ROM), improve spine alignment, and improve the performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). Further, larger studies of injured patients are necessary to determine if the CBP® protocol reduces GBD caused by MVC injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Oakley
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, York University, Toronto, CAN
| | - Jason W Haas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CBP NonProfit, Windsor, USA
| | - Thomas Woodham
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western Plains Chiropractic, Gillette, USA
| | - Miles Fortner
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Western Plains Chiropractic, Gillette, USA
| | - Deed E Harrison
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, CBP NonProfit, Eagle, USA
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Muanjai P, Haas C, Sies W, Mittag U, Zange J, Schönau E, Duran I, Kamandulis S, Rittweger J. Effect of Whole-body Vibration frequency on muscle tensile state during graded plantar flexor isometric contractions. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:405-415. [PMID: 37965131 PMCID: PMC10641229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute physiological and biomechanical alterations have been reported following whole-body vibration (WBV). Stiffening of muscles has only been anecdotally reported in response to WBV. Accordingly, this study investigated active plantar flexor muscle stiffness in response to a single WBV bout at four mechanical vibration frequencies. Methods Thirteen healthy adults (37.1 ± 14.4 years old) randomly received WBV in 4 different frequencies (6, 12, 24, and 0 Hz control) for 5 min. Shear wave speed (SWS) in longitudinal and transverse projections, architecture, and electric muscle activity were recorded in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SOL) muscle during graded plantar flexor contraction. Subjective rating of perceived muscle stiffness was assessed via Likert-scale. Results SWS of the MG at rest was enhanced in response to 5 min of 24 Hz WBV (p = 0.025), while a small reduction in SOL SWS was found during contraction (p = 0.005) in the longitudinal view. Subjective stiffness rating was increased following 12 Hz intervention. After 24 Hz WBV, pennation angle for MG was decreased (p = 0.011) during contraction. As a secondary finding, plantar flexor strength was significantly increased with each visit, which, however, did not affect the study's main outcome because of balanced sequence allocation. Conclusion SWS effects were solely limited to 24 Hz mechanical vibration and in the longitudinal projection. The observed effects are compatible with an interpretation by post-activation potentiation, warm-up, and force-distribution within the triceps surae muscles following 5 min WBV. The outcome may suggest SWS as a useful tool for assessing acute changes in muscle stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornpimol Muanjai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Allied Health Sciences Faculty, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Chris Haas
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Wolfram Sies
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Mittag
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Zange
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Cologne University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Duran
- Center of Prevention and Rehabilitation, Cologne University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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