Burnout among nurses working in the primary health care centers in Saudi Arabia, a multicenter study

Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress among Saudi Nurses at Medical City: A Cross-Sectional Study

Compassion satisfaction, the pleasure gained from assisting others in their recovery from trauma, can help reduce the effects of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. As such, nurses' job satisfaction can be increased by increasing compassion satisfaction and decreasing compassion fatigue. This study examined the incidence of compassion fatigue and other influencing variables, such as compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, among Saudi nurses. This was a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Participants comprised 177 registered nurses from various nursing departments. Data collection included the Professional Quality of Life Scale based on lifestyle, demographic details, and occupation-related questions. The averages of scores for the variables, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress, were recorded (37.1 ± 7.4, 25.7 ± 7.5, and 26.7 ± 6.4). Participants aged 36 or older comprised a negative factor for compassion satisfaction, while years of nursing experience and higher job satisfaction were favorable predictors. Together, these three variables accounted for 30.3% of the overall variation. Low job satisfaction and poor sleep negatively affected burnout, accounting for 39.8% of the total variance. The results offer insights into identifying the risks of compassion fatigue in nurses and help design strategies to address burnout and secondary traumatic stress while enhancing their compassion satisfaction levels.

Predictors of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout Among Nursing Professionals in a Medical City in Saudi Arabia

Purpose

The present study aims to evaluate compassion satisfaction (CS), compassion fatigue (CF), and burnout levels in a population of nurses employed at medical city in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Patients and Methods

A self-report survey was employed to gather data from 300 nurses at the selected medical city in Riyadh. The survey incorporated a demographic inquiry along with the utilization of the Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5 (ProQOL 5). The ProQOL scale is one of the most widely used measures of CS, CF, and burnout. The ProQOL scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences (ie CS, CF, and burnout). This survey was disseminated through email channels, and it garnered participation from 177 nurses, culminating in a response rate of 59%.

Results

The study's findings reveal that nurses displayed average mean levels of CS, CF, and burnout. Interestingly, the participants aged 18-56 reported higher levels of burnout, particularly those in the age groups of 18-25, 26-35, and 36-56. Moreover, those with under 10 years' experience exhibited higher degrees of burnout and less CS compared to their more experienced counterparts. Additionally, nurses with professional qualifications demonstrated better scores on CS, CF, and burnout compared to those without such qualifications.

Conclusion

The experience of CF and CS among nurses appears to be influenced by multiple variables, such as length of experience, age, and professional qualifications. Nurses in certain age groups and with less experience are more prone to experiencing burnout, while having professional qualifications seems to protect against adverse outcomes to some extent.

Is there any relationship between nurses' perceived organizational justice, moral sensitivity, moral courage, moral distress and burnout?

AIM

The present study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between Corley's model variables in mental health nurses.

BACKGROUND

Based on Corley's model, burnout and moral distress in nurses are, in retrospect, the consequences of the interplay of organizational and individual factors such as perceived organizational justice, moral sensitivity, and moral courage. The relationship between two variables or three variables of Corley's moral distress model has been investigated, but the test of Corley's moral distress model with more variables has not been done. Therefore, this research was proposed with the aim of investigating the relationship between the variables of moral courage and moral sensitivity (as characteristics of nurses), perceived organizational justice (as an antecedent), moral distress, and job burnout (as consequences of moral distress).

METHODS

The study was conducted as a descriptive correlational study involving 500 nurses working in the mental health wards of hospitals. Data collection was conducted using perceived organizational justice scale, moral sensitivity scale, moral courage scale, moral distress scale, and burnout inventory.

RESULTS

The results showed a significant relationship between perceived organizational justice, moral sensitivity, moral courage, and moral distress (< 0.05). Moreover, perceived organizational justice and moral distress had an inverse relationship. Moral sensitivity and moral courage had a direct relationship with moral distress (< 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed inadequate model fitness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study adds to the existing knowledge about the experiences of mental health nurses and their interactions with both organizational and individual factors. It highlights that the connections between perceived organizational justice, moral sensitivity, moral courage, moral distress, and burnout are intricate and multifaceted. As we deepen our understanding of these relationships, it opens the door for the development of interventions and strategies to enhance nurses' well-being and the quality of care they deliver in mental health settings. Moreover, future research and ongoing refinement and expansion of Corley's model will be crucial in addressing the complex challenges within the healthcare sector.

The relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life among mental health nurses: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Mental health nursing is a demanding and stressful profession that impacts nurses' professional quality of life. Psychological resilience can be a protective factor. However, the relationship has not been extensively studied. This study aims to examine the relationship between psychological resilience and professional quality of life and identify potential predictors of ProQOL subscales among mental health nurses.

METHODS

The study employed a cross-sectional design to collect data from 179 mental health nurses. Data was collected using two standardized questionnaires: the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the professional quality of life scale. Participants were recruited through convenient sampling during a 3-month period from April to June 2022, and the data were collected using an online survey tool called QuestionPro.

RESULTS

The study found a strong positive correlation between psychological resilience and compassion satisfaction (r = 0.632, P < 0.001). However, there was a negative significant correlation between resilience with burnout (r = -0.470, P < 0.001) and secondary traumatic stress (r = -0.210, P = 0.005). The study also found that higher resilience levels were associated with higher levels of compassion satisfaction and lower levels of secondary traumatic stress. Additionally, higher burnout scores were associated with higher levels of secondary traumatic stress. The study also identified that age and the number of children had weak associations with compassion satisfaction, while workplace was a significant predictor of burnout and secondary traumatic stress.

CONCLUSION

The study emphasizes the importance of resilience, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress in the well-being of healthcare professionals, especially nurses. The findings suggest that assessing nurses' resilience and professional quality of life can raise psychological resilience awareness and help managers create the necessary working conditions to improve nurses' professional quality of life.

An Analysis of Burnout among Female Nurse Educators in Saudi Arabia Using K-Means Clustering

Nurse educators are often burnt out and suffer from depression due to their demanding job settings. Biochemical markers of burnout can provide insights into the physiological changes that lead to burnout and may help us prevent burnout symptoms. Research was conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional survey design and a multi-stage sampling method. The ministry of education website provides a list of Saudi Arabian nursing education programs that offer bachelor of science in nursing programs (BSN). The study consisted of 299 qualified participants. Malsach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure burnout as the dependent variable. The MBI is a 22-item scale that measures depersonalization, accomplishment, and emotional exhaustion during work. Bootstrapping with 5000 replicas was used to address potential non-normality. During this framework, four deep neural networks are created. They all have the same number of layers but differ in the number of neurons they have in the hidden layers. The number of female nurse educators experiencing burnout is moderate (mean = 1.92 ± 0.63). Burnout is also moderately observed in terms of emotional exhaustion (mean = 2.13 ± 0.63), depersonalization (mean = 2.12 ± 0.50), and personal achievement scores (mean = 12 2.38 ± 1.13). It has been shown that stacking the clusters at the end of a column increases their accuracy, which can be considered an important feature when classifying.

Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among nurses in Jeddah: a single-institution cross-sectional study

Background

Health care workers, especially nurses, experience significantly elevated levels of emotional and social stressors in the work environment. Therefore, nurses develop high levels of burnout as the stress persists for prolonged periods. The main purpose of this paper is to measure burnout levels amongst nurses and find a relation between burnout levels and demographic factors.

Methods

This descriptive cross-sectional study was held from the 23rd of May till the 6th of September 2021 in King Abdulaziz Medical City of National Guard Health Affairs (KAMC-JD) in Jeddah. Data had been collected voluntarily from the nurses through electronic surveys that included demographic data and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that measures three dimensions of burnout which are emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). The association between demographic variables and burnout had been studied using the Fisher Exact test and binary logistic regression.

Results

Out of the 1300 nurses working in KAMC-JD, 250 completed the survey. Burnout had been detected in 112 nurses (44.8%). Out of the 250 nurses, 26.4% were found to be at a high risk of burnout, which means they have high or moderate scores of EE and DP, with low ones in PA. The majority of the participants had high burnout levels in each of burnout components, and 99.6% of them scored high in at least one of the three dimensions. Level of burnout was significantly correlated to certain demographic factors which were the nationality (p-value = 0.01) and working unit (p-value = 0.02). On the other hand, there was no significant association between burnout and age, gender, or marital status.

Conclusion

This study proves that a high percentage of nurses fell victims to burnout with a strong association between certain demographic data namely nationality as well as working unit and burnout levels. Taking into consideration the negative impact of burnout on both nurses and patients, conducting more studies about burnout among nurses, its effect on them, and the risk factors behind it is needed. Early treatment and management are also recommended to avoid the undesirable outcomes.

Nursing in Primary Health Care: association between leadership, psychological capital, and burnout implications

OBJECTIVES

to verify the association between authentic leadership and burnout syndrome in Primary Health Care nursing professionals and analyze the relationship between positive psychological capital and burnout syndrome in subordinate nursing professionals.

METHODS

a field, descriptive-exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, developed with the nursing team, in Basic Health Units in the city of São Paulo, with the application of the sociodemographic questionnaires, Burnout Characterization Scale [Escala de Caracterização do Burnout], Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Questionnaire.

RESULTS

in leaders' perception, there was no evidence of significant associations between burnout and authentic leadership scales. There was a significant negative association of the burnout scale dimensions with the leadership dimensions regarding the subordinates. There was evidence of significant negative associations in the burnout scores with the scores of the psychological questionnaire dimensions.

CONCLUSIONS

in nursing, burnout is associated with authentic leadership and psychological capital.

Enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde: associação entre liderança, capital psicológico e implicações no burnout

RESUMO Objetivos: verificar a associação entre liderança autêntica e síndrome de burnout em profissionais de enfermagem da Atenção Primária à Saúde e analisar a relação entre capital psicológico positivo e síndrome de burnout em profissionais de enfermagem liderados. Métodos: estudo de campo, descritivo-exploratório, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com a equipe de enfermagem, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de São Paulo, com aplicação dos questionários sociodemográfico, Escala de Caracterização do Burnout, Authentic Leadership Questionnaire e Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Resultados: na percepção dos líderes, não houve evidências de associações significantes entre as escalas de burnout e liderança autêntica. Com relação aos liderados, observou-se associação negativa significante das dimensões da escala de burnout com as dimensões de liderança. Nas associações dos escores de burnout com escores do questionário de capital psicológico, observaram se evidências de associações negativas significantes. Conclusões: na enfermagem, o burnout está associado com liderança autêntica e capital psicológico.

Work-related potential traumatic events and job burnout among operating room nurses: Independent effect, cumulative risk, and latent class approaches

AIMS

The objective of this study is to explore and compare the strength of associations between work-related potential traumatic events and burnout among operating room nurses based on three different approaches.

DESIGN

The study followed a multisite cross-sectional design.

METHODS

A stratified sampling method was conducted. Cities in the Shandong Province were divided into four groups, and two tertiary hospitals were randomly selected from all tertiary hospitals in cities of each group. A total of 361 eligible operating room nurses provided valid questionnaires between June and November 2019. Work-related potential traumatic events questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were conducted. Associations between individual, cumulative potential traumatic events, as well as latent class analysis-derived patterns of potential traumatic experiences with burnout were examined using logistic regression analysis.

RESULTS

Specific traumatic events (e.g., patients' sudden death, bullying and ostracism from colleagues) were independently associated with an increased risk of burnout. Work-related potential traumatic events had a cumulative effect on burnout, whereby operating room nurses exposed to cumulative potential traumatic events carried a higher risk for burnout than others. The "multiple work-related potential traumatic events" pattern derived by latent class analysis was related to an increased risk of high depersonalization.

CONCLUSION

Operating room nurses who reported specific or multiple work-related potential traumatic events were at high risk for burnout. It is of great significance to provide qualified and timely counselling or support.

IMPACT

This study is the first to focus on work-related potential traumatic events among operating room nurses and examine their relationship with burnout based on three perspectives. The findings could help identify those operating room nurses who are at high risk of burnout in clinical practice. Hospital managers should develop targeted interventions to prevent or mitigate the harmful impact of potential traumatic events on occupational health.

Prevalence and associated factors of stress among primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia, a multi-center study

Background:

Nursing practice has been identified as one of the most stressful professions within the healthcare systems. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of stress and its associated factors among primary healthcare nurses.

Materials and Methods:

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 Saudi nurses in the government primary health care centers in Medina city, Saudi Arabia. Stress was measured by the stress subscale of the 21-Item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Sources of stress were assessed by 15 items.

Results:

The majority were females (68.0%) and aged less than 40 years (72.5%). Thirty percent had severe or very severe stress. Stress was associated significantly with the presence of chronic diseases (P = 0.037) and with working in night shifts (P = 0.042). All sources of stress in the workplace were associated significantly and positively with stress (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

About one-third of the participants had stress. Improving work conditions and minimizing stress in the workplace should be a priority in the primary health care setting.