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Baranoski JF, White AC, Chung CY, Catapano JS, De Oliveira Sillero R, Hui FK, Huisman TA, Lawton MT, Abruzzo T. Mechanical disorders of the cervicocerebral circulation in children and young adults. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:939-946. [PMID: 37696598 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2022-019577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical disorders of the cervicocerebral circulation (MDCC) are conditions in which neurological symptoms result from a disturbance of cerebral blood flow attributable to external mechanical forces exerted on extracranial blood vessels by adjacent musculoskeletal structures during head movement that is presumably within a physiological range. The disease spectrum includes bow hunter's syndrome, carotid-type Eagle syndrome, and various dynamic venous compression syndromes. These conditions have distinct phenotypes in children which differ from those expressed in older adults. In contemporary practice, recognition and diagnostic evaluation is the domain of the neuroendovascular specialist. The diagnostic evaluation of MDCC involves significant technical nuance that can be critical to directing appropriate management, particularly in children. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, anatomical patterns, diagnosis, and treatment for the full spectrum of MDCC that is commonly encountered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew C White
- Radiology, Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charlotte Y Chung
- Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ferdinand K Hui
- Neuroscience Institute, Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - Michael T Lawton
- Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Todd Abruzzo
- Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Radiology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Park YW, Vollmuth P, Foltyn-Dumitru M, Sahm F, Choi KS, Park JE, Ahn SS, Chang JH, Kim SH. The 2021 WHO Classification for Gliomas and Implications on Imaging Diagnosis: Part 3-Summary of Imaging Findings on Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1680-1702. [PMID: 37715567 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors published in 2021 reflects the current transitional state between traditional classification system based on histopathology and the state-of-the-art molecular diagnostics. This Part 3 Review focuses on the molecular diagnostics and imaging findings of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. Histological and molecular features in glioneuronal and neuronal tumors often overlap with pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas and circumscribed astrocytic gliomas (discussed in the Part 2 Review). Due to this overlap, in several tumor types of glioneuronal and neuronal tumors the diagnosis may be inconclusive with histopathology and genetic alterations, and imaging features may be helpful to distinguish difficult cases. Thus, it is crucial for radiologists to understand the underlying molecular diagnostics as well as imaging findings for application on clinical practice. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Philipp Vollmuth
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University College of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martha Foltyn-Dumitru
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University College of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Heidelberg University College of Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kyu Sung Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science and Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tanti M, Smith A, Warren DJ, Idrovo L. Internal carotid artery dissection due to elongated styloid process. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e245908. [PMID: 34479906 PMCID: PMC8420707 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Tanti
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Aubrey Smith
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Daniel J Warren
- Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Luis Idrovo
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Bag AK, Chiang J, Patay Z. Radiohistogenomics of pediatric low-grade neuroepithelial tumors. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:1185-1213. [PMID: 33779771 PMCID: PMC8295117 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-021-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to histology, genetic alteration is now required to classify many central nervous system (CNS) tumors according to the most recent World Health Organization CNS tumor classification scheme. Although that is still not the case for classifying pediatric low-grade neuroepithelial tumors (PLGNTs), genetic and molecular features are increasingly being used for making treatment decisions. This approach has become a standard clinical practice in many specialized pediatric cancer centers and will likely be more widely practiced in the near future. This paradigm shift in the management of PLGNTs necessitates better understanding of how genetic alterations influence histology and imaging characteristics of individual PLGNT phenotypes. METHODS The complex association of genetic alterations with histology, clinical, and imaging of each phenotype of the extremely heterogeneous PLGNT family has been addressed in a holistic approach in this up-to-date review article. A new imaging stratification scheme has been proposed based on tumor morphology, location, histology, and genetics. Imaging characteristics of each PLGNT entity are also depicted in light of histology and genetics. CONCLUSION This article reviews the association of specific genetic alteration with location, histology, imaging, and prognosis of a specific tumor of the PLGNT family and how that information can be used for better imaging of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Bag
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 220, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| | - Jason Chiang
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zoltan Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Mail Stop 220, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
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Benson JC, Summerfield D, Guerin JB, Kun Kim D, Eckel L, Daniels DJ, Morris P. Mixed Solid and Cystic Mass in an Infant. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1792-1795. [PMID: 31582387 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Desmoplastic infantile tumors are rare supratentorial brain tumors that occur in pediatric patients. Desmoplastic infantile tumors are made up of 2 subtypes: desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas and desmoplastic infantile astrocytomas. Desmoplastic infantile tumors are often identifiable on imaging on the basis of multiple characteristics. Nevertheless, pathologic analysis is required to confirm the diagnosis, particularly when the imaging features are atypical. Here, the radiology findings, surgical approach and subsequent management, and pathology of a desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Benson
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., J.B.G., D.K.K., L.E., P.M.)
| | | | - J B Guerin
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., J.B.G., D.K.K., L.E., P.M.)
| | - D Kun Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., J.B.G., D.K.K., L.E., P.M.)
| | - L Eckel
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., J.B.G., D.K.K., L.E., P.M.)
| | - D J Daniels
- Neurosurgery (D.J.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minesotta
| | - P Morris
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.C.B., J.B.G., D.K.K., L.E., P.M.)
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