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Zhou H, Liu D, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Ge Y, Liu M, Kong T. Metastasis to the bladder from primary breast cancer: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:249. [PMID: 38638844 PMCID: PMC11024766 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting women and represents the leading cause of female cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although distant organ metastasis accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths, reports on bladder metastasis are limited in the existing literature. The present study describes the case of a patient with bladder metastasis originating from breast cancer. In addition, the present study also provides a review of 54 cases of similar disease that have been documented in the currently available literature. The literature review aims to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for such conditions. The median time from breast cancer diagnosis to bladder metastasis was found to be 5.6 years (range, 0-28 years). The origin of the bladder metastases was predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounting for 52.3% of cases, followed by invasive lobular carcinoma, accounting for 40.9% of cases. The pathology in the primary tumor was the same as the pathology of the bladder metastases in all cases. There was an 88.9% concordance rate for estrogen receptor status, while the progesterone receptor status was 83.3% and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression status was 100%. The primary initial symptoms included urinary system manifestations, such as increased frequency, urgency, dysuria, urinary incontinence, nocturia and gross hematuria. For the cystoscopic examination, the predominant findings were bladder wall thickening or masses, along with ureteral orifice masses. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the occurrence of bladder metastasis often follows the metastasis of other organs, with IDC being the most prevalent subtype. The pathological characteristics between the primary tumor and bladder metastasis exhibit a high degree of concordance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Danna Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Tiandong Kong
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Henan University, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Malinaric R, Balzarini F, Granelli G, Ferrari A, Trani G, Ambrosini F, Mantica G, Panarello D, De Rose AF, Terrone C. From women to women—hematuria during therapy for metastatic breast cancer, what to suspect and when to be alarmed; Bladder metastasis from breast cancer—our experience and a systematic literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:976947. [PMID: 36248976 PMCID: PMC9557997 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.976947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of premature mortality in women worldwide. Around 12% of breast cancer patients will develop metastatic disease, a stage associated with poor prognosis, and only 26% of patients are likely to survive for at least 5 years after being diagnosed. Although the most common sites where breast cancer tends to spread are bones, lungs, brain, and liver, it is important that physicians consider other less frequent organs and viscera, like the bladder, as a target destination. In this article we report our experience with this rare form of metastases and a systematic literature review. We analyzed case reports, case series, and review articles present in PubMED/MEDLINE up to March 2022. We excluded the nonrelevant articles, editorials, letters to the editor, and articles written in other languages. We identified a total of 302 articles, with 200 articles being removed before screening; therefore, the total number of abstracts reviewed was 102. Fifty-five articles were excluded before full text review because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and one article was not retrievable. Therefore, we included a total of 45 articles in this review. The intention of this review is to highlight the importance of the early detection of bladder metastases and to facilitate the diagnostic process for the responsible physician. The most common signs and symptoms and breast cancer subtype associated with bladder metastases, as well as overall survival after their detection, were all assessed. Bladder metastases from metastatic breast cancer are prevalent in the invasive, lobular breast cancer subtype; most patients present with hematuria (39.5%) and the relative 5-year survival rate is 2%. The main limitations of this review are the low number of cases reported in the literature, clinical and pathological differences between the individual cases, and absence of the control group. This study was not funded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malinaric
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rafaela Malinaric,
| | - Federica Balzarini
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Granelli
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Trani
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ambrosini
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Mantica
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Panarello
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Franco De Rose
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, L'Istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Jin X, Tang H, Chen H, Chen G. Case Report: Metastatic Signet-Ring-Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder From Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Detected by Computed Tomography. Front Oncol 2022; 12:835487. [PMID: 35252006 PMCID: PMC8888881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.835487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary bladder tumors are relatively rare among all bladder tumors, while bladder metastases from breast cancer have been rarely reported. Furthermore, signet-ring differentiation may appear in the metastases from a breast invasive lobular carcinoma regardless of whether the primary breast tumor had signet-ring cells, which may cause diagnostic uncertainty. We report a case of a 55-year-old female patient with diffuse bladder thickening as the chief complaint and no specific clinical manifestations. While the cystoscopy showed multiple scattered red protuberances, the biopsy suggested signet-ring-cell carcinoma. The gastroscopy results suggested poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cells. Considering the patient’s history of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, chronic myeloid leukemia, and metastatic endometrial carcinoma from the breast, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis and the results indicated that signet-ring-cell carcinomas of the stomach and bladder originated from the invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. We performed positron emission tomography/computed tomography and the results showed that there were multiple bone metastases already present. This was the first English case report of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast metastasizing to the uterus, stomach, bladder, and bones with multiple signet-ring-cell variations. This study shares our reasons for misdiagnosing and opinions on diagnosing and treating for this kind of cases.
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Jaouani L, Zaimi A, Al Jarroudi O, Brahmi SA, Afqir S. Unusual Metastasis From Breast Cancer: Case Report. Cureus 2021; 13:e18737. [PMID: 34796050 PMCID: PMC8589340 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer among young women represents a serious public health issue. The most frequent sites of dissemination are bone, liver, lung, lymph nodes and brain. Bladder location is extremely unusual. We present the case of a 33-year-old female who was receiving palliative chemotherapy for bilateral metastatic invasive lobular cancer. Following episodes of macroscopic hematuria, a CT scan was performed, which revealed a suspicious thickening of the bladder wall. After an endoscopic resection with immunohistological analysis, the diagnosis was confirmed. Voiding symptoms in a woman with a history of breast cancer should be evaluated to rule out a secondary urinary tract lesion. As soon as the diagnosis is determined, appropriate therapy should be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Jaouani
- Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, MAR
| | - Adil Zaimi
- Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, MAR
| | | | | | - Said Afqir
- Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, MAR
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Khan NAJ, Abdallah M, Tirona MT. Hormone Receptor Positive/HER2 Negative Breast Cancer With Isolated Bladder Metastasis: A Rare Case. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2021; 9:23247096211022186. [PMID: 34096366 PMCID: PMC8188964 DOI: 10.1177/23247096211022186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in North America. Hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 negative (HER2-) breast cancers account for at least 60% to 70% of all breast cancer cases. They usually metastasize to lymph nodes, bones, liver, lungs, and brain. Urinary bladder is a very unusual site for metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer and occurs in only 2% of all metastatic disease. In this article, we present a case of a 63-year-old female with locally advanced breast cancer who underwent mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. She was in remission for almost 17 years and subsequently presented with hematuria and lower abdominal pain. Cystoscopy was performed, which showed evidence of bladder wall thickening. Histopathology showed metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer consistent with her history of breast primary. Imaging studies did not show any other evidence of metastatic disease. She was started on cyclin D kinase 4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in combination with an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole. This is an exceedingly rare case of HR+ and HER2- breast cancer with metastasis to the urinary bladder. The late onset of recurrence with bladder metastasis makes this case very unique and to our knowledge only few similar cases have been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Abdallah
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Maria Tria Tirona
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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6
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Metastatic breast carcinoma to the urinary bladder-a report of 11 cases including a tumor to tumor metastasis. Virchows Arch 2019; 474:333-339. [PMID: 30607556 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-02515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast carcinoma to the urinary bladder is rare. Eleven cases of metastatic breast carcinoma to the bladder are described in this report, including one case with a tumor to tumor metastasis. The patients ranged from 51 to 83 years of age. The time intervals between the diagnosis of primary breast cancer and the occurrence of bladder metastases ranged from 41 to 336 months. There were seven cases of invasive ductal carcinoma and four cases of invasive lobular carcinoma. In one case, a lobular carcinoma of the breast metastasized to a concurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder. The immunophenotypic status of estrogen receptor and Her2 expression of the metastatic carcinomas were all concordant with the primary tumors. In nine patients with follow-up available, seven patients died of the disease ranging from 1 to 23 months after the diagnosis of the bladder metastasis and two patients were alive at 5 months of follow-up. To date, this report is the largest single series of patients with breast carcinoma metastatic to the bladder. It is the first reported instance of lobular carcinoma of the breast metastasizing to a squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.
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Jordan LA, Green L. Late breast cancer metastasis to the urinary bladder presenting with bilateral hydronephrosis. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:1238-1241. [PMID: 30258514 PMCID: PMC6149194 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since breast cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in women and the second most common cause of cancer death in women, it is important to understand potential sites of metastasis, including rare sites that have not frequently been reported in the literature. As our cancer interventions improve, patients will live longer and we will potentially see unusual patterns of metastatic disease more frequently, as in our case of a woman with breast cancer metastasis to her urinary bladder. Case presentation We report a case of a 77-year-old female with history of breast cancer, metastatic to bone, and recently diagnosed bilateral hydronephrosis, secondary to a new urinary bladder mass. This mass presented 30 years after her initial cancer diagnosis and biopsy confirmed that the origin was most likely metastatic pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of breast origin. Discussion This case raises the possibility that unusual patterns of cancer metastasis may become more common, as life expectancy of cancer patients increases. This creates unique diagnostic and management challenges for radiologists and all members of the health care team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Jordan
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1835 W Polk St, Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Lauren Green
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1835 W Polk St, Chicago IL 60612 USA
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Kase AM, Menke D, Tan W. Breast cancer metastasis to the bladder: a literature review. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-222031. [PMID: 29954760 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence of breast cancer and the mortality associated with metastatic disease, it is imperative for physicians to not only be aware of common sites but also of rare metastatic destinations such as the bladder. A postmenopausal woman with a medical history of stage 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, oestrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, in remission for 9 years, presented to her primary care physician with concerns of increased urinary urgency, frequency and incontinence. The patient underwent cystoscopy with biopsy of an area of granulation tissue. Biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma consistent with breast primary. The common sites of metastases from breast cancer are lung, bone and liver. This case is unique where breast cancer was found to metastasise to the bladder. It is important for physicians to consider further investigation when a breast cancer survivor develops urinary symptoms even without haematuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - David Menke
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Winston Tan
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic's Campus in Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Sanguedolce F, Landriscina M, Ambrosi A, Tartaglia N, Cianci P, Di Millo M, Carrieri G, Bufo P, Cormio L. Bladder Metastases from Breast Cancer: Managing the Unexpected. A Systematic Review. Urol Int 2017; 101:125-131. [PMID: 29055945 DOI: 10.1159/000481576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrC) has the highest incidence among females world over and it is one of the most common causes of death from cancer overall. Its high mortality is mostly due to its propensity to rapidly spread to other organs through lymphatic and blood vessels in spite of proper treatment. Bladder metastases from BrC are rare, with 50 cases having been reported in the last 60 years. This review aims to discuss some critical points regarding this uncommon condition. First, we performed a systematic review of the literature in order to draw a clinical and pathological profile of this entity. On this basis, its features in terms of diagnostic issues, imaging techniques, and survival are critically examined. Most bladder metastases from BrC are secondary lobular carcinoma, which mimic very closely the rare variant of urothelial cancer with lobular carcinoma-like features (uniform cells with an uncohesive single-cell, diffusely invasive growth pattern); thus, immunohistochemistry is mandatory to arrive at a correct diagnosis. This article summarizes the current knowledge regarding the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of bladder metastases in patients with BrC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Ambrosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, General Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, General Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cianci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, General Surgery Unit, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcello Di Millo
- Department of Surgery, Senology Unit, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
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A case of recurrent breast cancer with solitary metastasis to the urinary bladder. Case Rep Oncol Med 2014; 2014:931546. [PMID: 24716053 PMCID: PMC3970251 DOI: 10.1155/2014/931546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients with breast cancer often present with symptomatic, locoregionally advanced rather than screening-detected disease, thereby increasing the risk of metastatic recurrence during their remaining life time. Typical sites of metastases include lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Here we present a patient who developed a solitary urinary bladder metastasis five years after primary diagnosis of stage T4 N0 estrogen receptor-positive lobular carcinoma, while on continued adjuvant endocrine treatment (91 years of age). Anemia and increased serum creatinine resulting from hydronephrosis led to diagnosis of metastatic disease, which was confirmed by transurethral resection. The patient responded clinically to palliative radiotherapy and a different type of endocrine therapy. One year after diagnosis of metastatic disease, she died without signs of cancer progression.
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11
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Asymptomatic bladder metastasis from breast cancer. Case Rep Urol 2014; 2014:672591. [PMID: 24716084 PMCID: PMC3971538 DOI: 10.1155/2014/672591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Breast cancer is the most common nondermatologic cancer in women. Common metastatic sites include lymph nodes, lung, liver, and bone. Metastases to the bladder are extremely rare, with all reported cases presenting with urinary symptoms. Case Report. Herein, we report the first case of completely asymptomatic bladder metastasis from breast cancer, occasionally revealed, 98 months after the initial diagnosis of lobular breast carcinoma, by a follow-up computed tomography scanning showing thickening of left bladder wall and grade II left hydronephrosis. A positive staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Discussion. The reported case confirms that bladder metastases from breast cancer tend to occur late after the diagnosis of the primary tumor and, for the first time, points out they can be asymptomatic. Conclusion. Such data support the need for careful follow-up and early intervention whenever such clinical situation is suspected.
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Ghaida RA, Ayoub H, Nasr R, Issa G, Bulbul M. Bladder metastasis from primary breast cancer: a case report and literature review. Cent European J Urol 2013; 66:177-84. [PMID: 24579023 PMCID: PMC3936157 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2013.02.art17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in woman. The urinary bladder is an unusual site for metastasis from primary tumors of the breast, especially when it is the only organ involved. We present the case of a female patient with known breast cancer stage T2N3M0 who developed isolated bladder metastasis five years after the primary diagnosis. We reviewed the literature for similar cases and discussed the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and prognosis of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abou Ghaida
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hajar Ayoub
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rami Nasr
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Issa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Muhammad Bulbul
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Beirut, Lebanon
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