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Xia X, Lu J, Chen X, Zhou L, Huang Y, Ding S, Li G. Impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of gut microbial communities in rats fed high-fat diets. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0408923. [PMID: 38747621 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) is a traditional non-culture technique that can provide a fingerprint of the microbial community. In the field of gut microbiota analysis, PCR-DGGE still holds potential for development. In the present study, we utilized an improved nested PCR-DGGE approach targeting the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA to investigate the impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB), a cereal known for its significant hypocholesterolemic effect, on the gut microbiota profiles of high-fat diet rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with a low or high dose of WHLB for 4 or 8 weeks. The results revealed that the dominant bands varied among different dose groups and further changed with different treatment times. The compositions of bacterial communities in feces and cecal content were similar, but the dominant bacterial bands differed. After performing double DGGE, extracting the bands, sequencing the DNA, and aligning the sequences, a total of 19 bands were classified under the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, while two bands were identified as unclassified uncultured bacteria. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, Uncultured Prevotella sp., and Clostridium sp. increased following the administration of WHLB. Illumina-based sequencing was employed to assess the reliability of DGGE, demonstrating its reliability in analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition, although it may have limitations in accurately detecting the alpha diversity of bacterial species. IMPORTANCE While next-generation sequencing has overshadowed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), the latter still holds promise for advancing gut microbiota analysis due to its unique advantages. In this study, we used optimized nested PCR-DGGE to investigate the gut microbiota profile of high-fat diet rats after administering whole grain highland hull-less barley. High-throughput sequencing was employed to validate the DGGE results. Our results proved the reliability of PCR-DGGE for analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition while also providing visual evidence of a notable relationship between the composition of cecal and fecal microbial communities, highlighting substantial differences in both richness and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyu Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Shunjie Ding
- Army Logistics University of PLA, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Lin IH, Van Duong T, Nien SW, Tseng IH, Wu YM, Chiang YJ, Wang HH, Chiang CY, Wang MH, Chiu CH, Lin YT, Wong TC. High diet quality indices associated with lower risk of lipid profile abnormalities in Taiwanese kidney transplant recipients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19662. [PMID: 37952063 PMCID: PMC10640642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors seem to be linked with deteriorated graft function and persists as the major cause of mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Diet quality is associated with CVD prevention in the healthy population, however, less study focuses on KTRs. The study aimed to determine the association between diet quality indices and lipid profile abnormalities as risk factors for CVD in KTRs. This prospective study enrolled 106 KTRs who had functioning allografts from September 2016. Lipid profiles included low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) and were based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III recommendations. Three-day dietary data were collected by a well-trained registered dietitian. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index-Taiwan (AHEI-Taiwan), Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores were calculated and divided into quartiles and compared accordingly. KTRs' mean LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and TG levels were 119.8 ± 36.6 mg/dL, 52.0 ± 17.9 mg/dL, 205.8 ± 43.9 mg/dL, and 160.2 ± 121.6 mg/dL, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile, only the highest quartile of AHEI-Taiwan had lower TC and LDL-C levels. After adjustment for age, gender, energy, Charlson comorbidity index, transplant duration, and dialysis duration, logistic regression analysis revealed that the highest quartile of AHEI-Taiwan had 82% (odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.72, p < 0.05) lower odds of high TC and 88% (OR 0.12; 95% CI 0.03-0.58, p < 0.05) lower odds of high LDL-C, and the highest quartile of HEI-2015 had 77% (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.05-0.95, p < 0.05) lower odds of high LDL-C. Higher adherence to a healthy diet as per AHEI-Taiwan and HEI-2015 guidelines associated with lower risk of lipid profile abnormalities in KTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tuyen Van Duong
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Wei Nien
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsin Tseng
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ming Wu
- Department of Medical Nutrition Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang-Jen Chiang
- Department of Urology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsu-Han Wang
- Department of Urology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyüan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yu Chiang
- Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Hsu Wang
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hui Chiu
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Tsen Lin
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Chih Wong
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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MacDonald TS, Davis KE, Tucker WJ, Miketinas DC. Serum Cholesterol Differences Between Statin Users Who Take Dietary Supplements and Those Who Do Not: NHANES 2013-2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100007. [PMID: 37181126 PMCID: PMC10100929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in the United States and statins are the most commonly prescribed medication. It is important to understand the potential impact supplements may have when taken in combination with statins on serum lipid outcomes. Objectives To evaluate the differences in the concentrations of cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG), and HbA1c between adults who use statins alone and those who combine statins and dietary supplements. Methods A cross-sectional analysis using data from US adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the NHANES (2013-2018). The serum concentrations of lipids and the HbA1c levels were compared using independent sample t-tests. All analyses were adjusted for the complex survey design and used appropriate sample weights. Results Of 16,327 participants included in this analysis, 13% reported the use of statins alone, and 8.8% used statins and dietary supplements. Statin users who used dietary supplements tended to be women (50.5%), aged 65.8 ± 0.4 years, and were more likely to be White (77.4%). Participants who used statins in combination with dietary supplements were less likely to have higher levels of total cholesterol (5.1% ± 1.4% vs. 15.6% ± 2.7%, P < 0.001), HbA1c (6.0% ± 0.1% vs. 6.3% ± 0.1%, P < 0.05), and HDL cholesterol (50 ± 1.3 vs. 47 ± 0.8 mg/dL, P < 0.05) than those who used statins alone. No significant differences were identified between the two groups for LDL cholesterol and TAG concentrations. Conclusions Statin users who coingested dietary supplements were less likely to have high levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c and greater HDL levels than statin users who did not take dietary supplements. Dietary intake, lifestyle choices, and other confounders may have influenced the observed outcome differences for those who took dietary supplements with statins and those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha S. MacDonald
- Correspondence author. TSM, Texas Woman’s University – Houston Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Saleh AA, Elnagar AM, Eid YZ, Ebeid TA, Amber KA. Effect of feeding wheat middlings and calcium lignosulfonate as pellet binders on pellet quality growth performance and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:194-203. [PMID: 32815323 PMCID: PMC7840195 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal diets supplemented with 4 kg Ca-LS/ton of diet. Pellet quality characteristics (per cent fines, the present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of wheat middlings (WM) and calcium lignosulfonate (Ca-LS) as pellet binders on the pellet quality characteristics, growth performance, blood parameters, nutrients digestibilities, lipid peroxidation and muscle fatty acids profile in Egyptian broiler strain. A total of 3,120 broiler chicks at 1-day of age were divided randomly into three experimental treatments with eight replicates (130 each). The first treatment was fed the basal pelleted diets without any additives, the second treatment was fed diets including 50 kg WM/ton of diet and the third treatment was fed per cent pellets, and pellet durability index) were significantly improved in WM and Ca-LS treatments compared with the control. Body weight gain was significantly increased, while feed intake was significantly decreased resulting in improving of feed conversion ratio significantly in WM group in comparison with control and Ca-LS groups (p < .05). Nutrients apparent digestibility (dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre) were significantly improved by inclusion of WM compared with control and Ca-LS. Plasma total cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations were significantly decreased by dietary WM in comparison with control and Ca-LS experimental groups. Furthermore, linoleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidonic acids contents in breast muscle were significantly increased by WM and Ca-LS, while, muscle malondialdehyde concentration was significantly decreased. It could be concluded that inclusion of WM and Ca-LS can improve pellet quality characteristics, and WM (at a level of 50 kg/ton) had positive effects on growth performance, nutrients digestibilities, lipid peroxidation and fatty acids profile in Egyptian broiler strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Saleh
- Department of Poultry ProductionFaculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Ayman M. Elnagar
- Department of Poultry ProductionFaculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Yahya Z. Eid
- Department of Poultry ProductionFaculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Tarek A. Ebeid
- Department of Poultry ProductionFaculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
- Department of Animal Production and BreedingCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Khairy A. Amber
- Department of Poultry ProductionFaculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
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Previdelli AN, Gómez G, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Cortés LY, Pareja RG, Liria MR, García MCY, Herrera-Cuenca M, Rigotti A, Guajardo V, Zimberg IZ, Murillo AG. Prevalence and determinants of misreporting of energy intake among Latin American populations: results from ELANS study. Nutr Res 2019; 68:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dietary Fiber, Atherosclerosis, and Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051155. [PMID: 31126110 PMCID: PMC6566984 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have shown that dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fiber is a non-digestible form of carbohydrates, due to the lack of the digestive enzyme in humans required to digest fiber. Dietary fibers and lignin are intrinsic to plants and are classified according to their water solubility properties as either soluble or insoluble fibers. Water-soluble fibers include pectin, gums, mucilage, fructans, and some resistant starches. They are present in some fruits, vegetables, oats, and barley. Soluble fibers have been shown to lower blood cholesterol by several mechanisms. On the other hand, water-insoluble fibers mainly include lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose; whole-grain foods, bran, nuts, and seeds are rich in these fibers. Water-insoluble fibers have rapid gastric emptying, and as such may decrease the intestinal transit time and increase fecal bulk, thus promoting digestive regularity. In addition to dietary fiber, isolated and extracted fibers are known as functional fiber and have been shown to induce beneficial health effects when added to food during processing. The recommended daily allowances (RDAs) for total fiber intake for men and women aged 19–50 are 38 gram/day and 25 gram/day, respectively. It is worth noting that the RDA recommendations are for healthy people and do not apply to individuals with some chronic diseases. Studies have shown that most Americans do not consume the recommended intake of fiber. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding dietary fiber, sources of food containing fiber, atherosclerosis, and heart disease risk reduction.
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Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, De Curtis A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Interaction between Mediterranean diet and statins on mortality risk in patients with cardiovascular disease: Findings from the Moli-sani Study. Int J Cardiol 2018; 276:248-254. [PMID: 30527993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are prescribed for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), along with the recommendation of adopting healthy diets. We evaluated the independent and the combined effect of statins and Mediterranean diet (MD) towards mortality risk in patients with previous CVD by using real-life data from a population-based prospective cohort. METHODS Longitudinal analysis on 1180 subjects (mean age 67.7 ± 10) with prior CVD at enrollment in the Moli-sani Study and followed up for 7.9 y (median). Adherence to MD was appraised by a Mediterranean diet score. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated by multivariable Cox regression and competing risk models. RESULTS Multivariable risk estimates associated with a 2-point increase in MD score were 0.84 (95% CI 0.70-1.00), 0.77 (0.61-0.97) and 0.70 (0.52-0.93) for overall, cardiovascular and coronary artery disease (CAD)/cerebrovascular deaths, respectively. Statins were not associated with death risk. Subjects combining statins and average-high adherence to MD had much lower than expected risk of cardiovascular and CAD/cerebrovascular mortality (p for interaction = 0.045 and 0.0015, respectively) as compared to those neither using statins nor having average-high MD. The combination of average-high MD and statins was associated in a likely synergistic way with reduced low-grade inflammation, but not with blood cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS MD lowered the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and CAD/cerebrovascular mortality CVD patients, net of statins. In the same population, statins reduced CVD death risk only in combination with MD. Low-grade inflammation, rather than lipids, is likely to be on the pathway of the interaction between MD and statins towards mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Augusto Di Castelnuovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Persichillo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via dell'Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Brum J, Ramsey D, McRorie J, Bauer B, Kopecky SL. Meta-Analysis of Usefulness of Psyllium Fiber as Adjuvant Antilipid Therapy to Enhance Cholesterol Lowering Efficacy of Statins. Am J Cardiol 2018; 122:1169-1174. [PMID: 30078477 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Statins are usually well-tolerated drugs with a clear dose-dependent efficacy. However, manifestation of statin's side effects also bears a direct relation to higher doses necessary to achieve high impact cholesterol-lowering effects. Nevertheless, the reliance on statin efficacy alone has often left dietary intervention underutilized even though studies have shown a reduction in serum cholesterol levels when dietary fiber intake is increased. In this meta-analysis, we investigated whether the concomitant use of psyllium, a gel-forming viscous soluble fiber, would cause further overall cholesterol lowering in subjects already receiving statins. A systematic review of the medical literature was performed and identified three randomized, controlled clinical studies that evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of statins when given concomitantly with psyllium as a fiber supplement. The duration of the studies ranged from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. The objective of the meta-analysis was to estimate the overall effect of psyllium plus statin versus statin alone. The results of the meta-analysis showed a clinically and statistically significant (p = 0.001) cholesterol lowering advantage for psyllium plus statin combination treatment over a statin alone. Adding psyllium fiber resulted in reductions in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol equivalent to doubling the statin dose. In conclusion, the data support that psyllium fiber takenbefore meals adds to the efficacy of statins, providing an easy to implement dietary intervention for those who cannot tolerate side effects associated with higher-dose statins.
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Yuan H, Meng Y, Bai H, Shen D, Wan B, Chen L. Meta-analysis indicates that resistant starch lowers serum total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol. Nutr Res 2018; 54:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Vaidean GD, Manczuk M, Vansal SS, Griffith J. The cholesterol-lowering effect of statins is potentiated by whole grains intake. The Polish Norwegian Study (PONS). Eur J Intern Med 2018; 50:47-51. [PMID: 29137927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia treatment guidelines emphasize an adequate whole grains (WG) intake, alone or complementary to pharmacological treatment. We conducted this study to compare the prevalence of adequate WG intake and levels of blood lipids according to the statin/WG intake status. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis of a community-based study included 12,754 men and women, age 45-64. Statin use over past 30days was recorded by trained nurses. Food intake over past 12months was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Adequate WG intake was defined as ≥3oz-equivalents/day, representing ≥3WGservings/day. RESULTS The prevalence of an adequate WG intake was marginally superior in statin users (26.79%) than non-users (21.51%). This superiority was attenuated after multiple covariates adjustment (PR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02-1.22). Statin users with an adequate WG intake had lower multivariable-adjusted mean blood total cholesterol (185.14mg/dL vs. 190.14mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol (103.30mg/dL vs. 108.19mg/dL) than those with an inadequate WG intake. Statin users with an adequate WG intake had lower odds (OR, 95% CI) of having TC≥240mg/dL (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46-0.98) and lower odds of having LDL≥100mg/dL (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58-0.89), compared to statin users with inadequate WG intake. A subgroup analysis restricted to those with prevalent CVD yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS In this community based sample of middle-aged adults, only one in four statin users had adequate whole grain intake. Statin users with adequate WG intake had statistically and clinically significant lower levels of blood total- and LDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta D Vaidean
- Fairleigh Dickinson University, School of Pharmacy, Florham Park, NJ, USA.
| | - Marta Manczuk
- The Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandeep S Vansal
- Fairleigh Dickinson University, School of Pharmacy, Florham Park, NJ, USA
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Ghobadi S, Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Mohammadian F, Nikfetrat A, Ghasemifard N, Raeisi Dehkordi H, Faghih S. Comparison of blood lipid-lowering effects of olive oil and other plant oils: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2110-2124. [PMID: 29420053 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1438349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We aim to report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on effects of olive oil consumption compared with other plant oils on blood lipids. Methods: PubMed, web of science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase were systematically searched until September 2017, with no age, language and design restrictions. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were expressed as effect size. Sensitivity analyses and pre specified subgroup was conducted to evaluate potential heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate association between blood lipid-lowering effects of olive oil and duration of treatment. Results: Twenty-seven trials, comprising 1089 participants met the eligibility criteria. Results of this study showed that compared to other plant oils, high-density lipoprotein level increased significantly more for OO (1.37 mg/dl: 95% CI: 0.4, 2.36). Also OO consumption reduced total cholesterol (TC) (6.27 mg/dl, 95% CI: 2.8, 10.6), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (4.2 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.4, 7.01), and triglyceride (TG) (4.31 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.5, 8.12) significantly less than other plant oils. There were no significant effects on Apo lipoprotein A1 and Apo lipoprotein B. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that OO consumption decreased serum TC, LDL-c, and TG less but increased HDL-c more than other plant oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghobadi
- a Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Nutrition Research Center , School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Zahra Hassanzadeh-Rostami
- b Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadian
- c Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Arash Nikfetrat
- d Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee , School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Negar Ghasemifard
- e Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Hamidreza Raeisi Dehkordi
- f Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services , Yazd , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Shiva Faghih
- g Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Department of Community Nutrition , School of Nutrition and Food Sciences , Shiraz , Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Hollænder PLB, Ross AB, Kristensen M. Whole-grain and blood lipid changes in apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:556-72. [PMID: 26269373 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.109165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole grains are recognized for their potential role in preventing cardiovascular diseases; however, results from randomized controlled studies on blood lipids are inconsistent, potentially because of compositional differences between individual grain types for some nutrients, including dietary fiber. OBJECTIVE Using a meta-analytic approach, we assessed the effect of whole-grain compared with non-whole-grain foods on changes in total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. DESIGN We conducted a systematic literature search in selected databases. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled comparisons between whole-grain foods and a non-whole-grain control in adults. A total of 6069 articles were screened for eligibility, and data were extracted from 24 studies. Weighted mean differences were calculated, and meta-regression analyses were performed for whole-grain dose, study duration, and baseline TC concentration. RESULTS Overall, whole-grain intake lowered LDL cholesterol (weighted difference: -0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.03 mmol/L; P < 0.01) and TC (weighted difference: -0.12 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.05 mmol/L; P < 0.001) compared with the control. Whole-grain oat had the greatest effect on TC (weighted difference: -0.17 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.25 mmol/L; P < 0.001). No effect of whole-grain foods on HDL cholesterol was seen, whereas whole-grain foods tended to lower triglycerides compared with the control (weighted difference: -0.04 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.01; P = 0.10). No association was found between whole-grain dose or baseline TC concentration and any of the outcomes, whereas study duration was positively associated with changes in TC and LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of whole-grain diets lowers LDL cholesterol and TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglycerides, compared with consumption of non-whole-grain control diets. Whole-grain oat appears to be the most effective whole grain for lowering cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille L B Hollænder
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Food Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; and
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