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Charoenwoodhipong P, Holt RR, Keen CL, Hedayati N, Sato T, Sone T, Hackman RM. The Effect of Hokkaido Red Wines on Vascular Outcomes in Healthy Adult Men: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4054. [PMID: 37764837 PMCID: PMC10535196 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate red wine intake has been associated with lower cardiovascular mortality, due in part to the intake of polyphenols and anthocyanins, whose content can vary from varietal and year of harvest. This study assessed the vascular effects in response to a single intake of 2015 and 2018 Zweigelt red wines from Hokkaido, Japan. Healthy men were randomly assigned to consume 240 mL each of a red wine, or a sparkling white grape juice as a control in a randomized three-arm cross-over design with a 7 day washout between arms. The augmentation index (AI; a measure of arterial stiffness) and AI at 75 beats/min (AI75), reactive hyperemia index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), and platelet reactivity were assessed at baseline and two and four hours after each beverage intake. Changes from the baseline were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Significant treatment effects (p = 0.02) were observed, with AI 13% lower after the intake of the 2015 or 2018 vintages compared to the control. Intake of the 2018 vintage reduced SBP and DBP (-4.1 mmHg and -5.6 mmHg, respectively; p = 0.02) compared to the 2015 wine and the control drink. The amount of hydroxytyrosol in the 2018 wine was almost twice the amount as in the 2015 wine, which may help explain the variable blood pressure results. Future studies exploring the vascular effects of the same red wine from different vintage years and different phenolic profiles are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta R. Holt
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
| | - Carl L. Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Nasim Hedayati
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Teruo Sone
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hackman
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (P.C.)
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Gallardo-Fernández M, Gonzalez-Ramirez M, Cerezo AB, Troncoso AM, Garcia-Parrilla MC. Hydroxytyrosol in Foods: Analysis, Food Sources, EU Dietary Intake, and Potential Uses. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152355. [PMID: 35954121 PMCID: PMC9368174 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound with proven biological properties present in a limited number of foods such as table olives, virgin olive oil (VOO) and wines. The present work aims to evaluate the dietary intake of HT in the European (EU) population by compiling scattered literature data on its concentration in foods. The consumption of the involved foods was estimated based on the EFSA Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. The updated average contents of HT are as follows: 629.1, 5.2 and 2.1 µg/g for olives, olive oil and wine, respectively. The HT estimated intake in the European Union (EU) adult population falls within 0.13–6.82 mg/day/person, with table olives and wine being the main contributors. The estimated mean dietary intake of HT in EU countries is 1.97 ± 2.62 mg/day. Greece showed the highest HT intake (6.82 mg/day), while Austria presented the lowest (0.13 mg/day). Moreover, HT is an authorized novel food ingredient in the EU that can be added to different foods. Since the estimated HT intake is substantially low, the use of HT as a food ingredient seems feasible. This opens new possibilities for revalorizing waste products from olive oil and olive production which are rich HT sources.
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Ontario ML, Siracusa R, Modafferi S, Scuto M, Sciuto S, Greco V, Bertuccio MP, Salinaro AT, Crea R, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Calabrese V. POTENTIAL PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS BY OLIVE POLYPHENOLS AND HYDROX. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 203:111637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093051. [PMID: 34578929 PMCID: PMC8471182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become a dietary pattern of reference due to its preventive effects against chronic diseases, especially relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Establishing an objective tool to determine the degree of adherence to the MD is a pending task and deserves consideration. The central axis that distinguishes the MD from other dietary patterns is the choice and modality of food consumption. Identification of intake biomarkers of commonly consumed foods is a key strategy for estimating the degree of adherence to the MD and understanding the protective mechanisms that lead to a positive impact on health. Throughout this review we propose potential candidates to be validated as MD adherence biomarkers, with particular focus on the metabolites derived from the phenolic compounds that are associated with the consumption of typical Mediterranean plant foods. Certain phenolic metabolites are good indicators of the intake of specific foods, but others denote the intake of a wide-range of foods. For this, it is important to emphasise the need to increase the number of dietary interventions with specific foods in order to validate the biomarkers of MD adherence. Moreover, the identification and quantification of food phenolic intake biomarkers encouraging scientific research focuses on the study of the biological mechanisms in which polyphenols are involved.
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Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 8:CD011737. [PMID: 32827219 PMCID: PMC8092457 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) on 15 October 2019, and searched Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 17 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Included trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) compared with higher saturated fat intake or usual diet; 4) not multifactorial; 5) in adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 6) intervention duration at least 24 months; 7) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed inclusion, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (16 comparisons, 56,675 participants), that used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on reducing saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of combined cardiovascular events by 17% (risk ratio (RR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.98, 12 trials, 53,758 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² = 67%, GRADE moderate-quality evidence). Meta-regression suggested that greater reductions in saturated fat (reflected in greater reductions in serum cholesterol) resulted in greater reductions in risk of CVD events, explaining most heterogeneity between trials. The number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) was 56 in primary prevention trials, so 56 people need to reduce their saturated fat intake for ~four years for one person to avoid experiencing a CVD event. In secondary prevention trials, the NNTB was 53. Subgrouping did not suggest significant differences between replacement of saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate, and data on replacement with monounsaturated fat and protein was very limited. We found little or no effect of reducing saturated fat on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; 11 trials, 55,858 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 10 trials, 53,421 participants), both with GRADE moderate-quality evidence. There was little or no effect of reducing saturated fats on non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07) or CHD mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16, both low-quality evidence), but effects on total (fatal or non-fatal) myocardial infarction, stroke and CHD events (fatal or non-fatal) were all unclear as the evidence was of very low quality. There was little or no effect on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses, diabetes diagnosis, HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides or blood pressure, and small reductions in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this updated review suggest that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years causes a potentially important reduction in combined cardiovascular events. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate appear to be useful strategies, while effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat are unclear. The reduction in combined cardiovascular events resulting from reducing saturated fat did not alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk, but greater reduction in saturated fat caused greater reductions in cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicole Martin
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oluseyi F Jimoh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Christian Kirk
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eve Foster
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Hooper L, Abdelhamid AS, Jimoh OF, Bunn D, Skeaff CM. Effects of total fat intake on body fatness in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 6:CD013636. [PMID: 32476140 PMCID: PMC7262429 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ideal proportion of energy from fat in our food and its relation to body weight is not clear. In order to prevent overweight and obesity in the general population, we need to understand the relationship between the proportion of energy from fat and resulting weight and body fatness in the general population. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of proportion of energy intake from fat on measures of body fatness (including body weight, waist circumference, percentage body fat and body mass index) in people not aiming to lose weight, using all appropriate randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of at least six months duration. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) to October 2019. We did not limit the search by language. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised intervention trial, 2) included adults aged at least 18 years, 3) randomised to a lower fat versus higher fat diet, without the intention to reduce weight in any participants, 4) not multifactorial and 5) assessed a measure of weight or body fatness after at least six months. We duplicated inclusion decisions and resolved disagreement by discussion or referral to a third party. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data on the population, intervention, control and outcome measures in duplicate. We extracted measures of body fatness (body weight, BMI, percentage body fat and waist circumference) independently in duplicate at all available time points. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity, funnel plot analyses and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 37 RCTs (57,079 participants). There is consistent high-quality evidence from RCTs that reducing total fat intake results in small reductions in body fatness; this was seen in almost all included studies and was highly resistant to sensitivity analyses (GRADE high-consistency evidence, not downgraded). The effect of eating less fat (compared with higher fat intake) is a mean body weight reduction of 1.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.7 to -1.1 kg, in 53,875 participants from 26 RCTs, I2 = 75%). The heterogeneity was explained in subgrouping and meta-regression. These suggested that greater weight loss results from greater fat reductions in people with lower fat intake at baseline, and people with higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline. The size of the effect on weight does not alter over time and is mirrored by reductions in BMI (MD -0.5 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.3, 46,539 participants in 14 trials, I2 = 21%), waist circumference (MD -0.5 cm, 95% CI -0.7 to -0.2, 16,620 participants in 3 trials; I2 = 21%), and percentage body fat (MD -0.3% body fat, 95% CI -0.6 to 0.00, P = 0.05, in 2350 participants in 2 trials; I2 = 0%). There was no suggestion of harms associated with low fat diets that might mitigate any benefits on body fatness. The reduction in body weight was reflected in small reductions in LDL (-0.13 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.21 to -0.05), and total cholesterol (-0.23 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.32 to -0.14), with little or no effect on HDL cholesterol (-0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.00), triglycerides (0.01 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.07), systolic (-0.75 mmHg, 95% CI -1.42 to -0.07) or diastolic blood pressure(-0.52 mmHg, 95% CI -0.95 to -0.09), all GRADE high-consistency evidence or quality of life (0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07, on a scale of 0 to 10, GRADE low-consistency evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Trials where participants were randomised to a lower fat intake versus a higher fat intake, but with no intention to reduce weight, showed a consistent, stable but small effect of low fat intake on body fatness: slightly lower weight, BMI, waist circumference and percentage body fat compared with higher fat arms. Greater fat reduction, lower baseline fat intake and higher baseline BMI were all associated with greater reductions in weight. There was no evidence of harm to serum lipids, blood pressure or quality of life, but rather of small benefits or no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Oluseyi F Jimoh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Diane Bunn
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD011737. [PMID: 32428300 PMCID: PMC7388853 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) on 15 October 2019, and searched Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 17 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Included trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) compared with higher saturated fat intake or usual diet; 4) not multifactorial; 5) in adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 6) intervention duration at least 24 months; 7) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed inclusion, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (16 comparisons, ~59,000 participants), that used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on reducing saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of combined cardiovascular events by 21% (risk ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.93, 11 trials, 53,300 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² = 65%, GRADE moderate-quality evidence). Meta-regression suggested that greater reductions in saturated fat (reflected in greater reductions in serum cholesterol) resulted in greater reductions in risk of CVD events, explaining most heterogeneity between trials. The number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) was 56 in primary prevention trials, so 56 people need to reduce their saturated fat intake for ~four years for one person to avoid experiencing a CVD event. In secondary prevention trials, the NNTB was 32. Subgrouping did not suggest significant differences between replacement of saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate, and data on replacement with monounsaturated fat and protein was very limited. We found little or no effect of reducing saturated fat on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; 11 trials, 55,858 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 10 trials, 53,421 participants), both with GRADE moderate-quality evidence. There was little or no effect of reducing saturated fats on non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07) or CHD mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16, both low-quality evidence), but effects on total (fatal or non-fatal) myocardial infarction, stroke and CHD events (fatal or non-fatal) were all unclear as the evidence was of very low quality. There was little or no effect on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses, diabetes diagnosis, HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides or blood pressure, and small reductions in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this updated review suggest that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years causes a potentially important reduction in combined cardiovascular events. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate appear to be useful strategies, while effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat are unclear. The reduction in combined cardiovascular events resulting from reducing saturated fat did not alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk, but greater reduction in saturated fat caused greater reductions in cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicole Martin
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oluseyi F Jimoh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Christian Kirk
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eve Foster
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Mitkin NA, Anokhin PK, Belopolskaya MV, Frolova OY, Kushnir EA, Lovat ML, Pavshintsev VV. Active immunization against serum alcohol dehydrogenase normalizes brain dopamine metabolism disturbed during chronic alcohol consumption. Alcohol 2020; 83:17-28. [PMID: 31260795 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption in high doses is associated with constitutively elevated activity of the serum alcohol dehydrogenase I (ADH I) isoform, which demonstrates a high affinity not only for ethanol but also for a number of bioamine metabolites. Such excessive ADH activity is probably associated with disruptions in the metabolism of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and subsequent long-term changes in the activity of their receptors. Ultimately, a stable depressive-like condition contributes to the development of patients' craving for ethanol intake, frequent disruptions during therapy, and low efficacy of treatment. We applied active immunization against ADH to investigate its efficacy in the reduction of excessive serum ADH activity and regulation of ethanol consumption by chronically ethanol-fed Wistar rats (15% ethanol, 4 months, free-choice method), and we analyzed its ability to influence the levels of bioamines in the brain. Immunization (2 injections, 2-week intervals) was performed using a combination of recombinant horse ADH isozyme as an antigen and 2% aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant. The efficacy of immunization was demonstrated by the production of high titers of ADH-specific antibodies, which was consistent with the significantly reduced ADH activity in the serum of chronically ethanol-fed rats. On the 26th day after the first vaccine injection, we registered significantly lower levels of alcohol consumption compared to ethanol-fed control animals, and the difference reached 16% on the 49th day of the experiment. These observations were accompanied by data that showed reduced levels of ethanol preference in immunized rats. Chronic alcohol drinking led to a decrease in dopamine and DOPAL (a direct dopamine metabolite and a high-affinity ADH substrate) levels in the striatum,while immunization neutralized this effect. Additionally, we observed that inhibition of serum ADH activity caused a decrease in peak dopamine levels during acute alcohol intake in chronically ethanol-fed rats during ethanol withdrawal that was associated with reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the striatum. The obtained data suggest a significant contribution of ADH to the changes in neurotransmitter systems during chronic alcohol consumption and make available new prospects for developing innovative strategies for treatment of excessive alcohol intake.
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Boronat A, Mateus J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Guerra M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Varon C, Muñoz D, Barbosa F, Morales JC, Gaedigk A, Langohr K, Covas MI, Pérez-Mañá C, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:471-481. [PMID: 31479717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The simple phenol hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) has been associated with the beneficial health effects of extra virgin olive oil. Pre-clinical studies have identified Tyr hydroxylation, mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, as an additional source of OHTyr. AIM We aimed to (i) confirm Tyr to OHTyr bioconversion in vivo in humans, (ii) assess the cardiovascular benefits of this bioconversion, and (iii) determine their interaction with a polygenic activity score (PAS) from CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 genotypes. METHODS Randomized, crossover, controlled study. Individuals at cardiovascular risk (n = 33) received: white wine (WW) (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/day), WW plus Tyr capsules (WW + Tyr) (25 mg Tyr capsule, one per WW drink), and water (control) ad libitum. Participants were classified by a PAS as low versus normal activity metabolizers. RESULTS OHTyr recovery following WW + Tyr was higher than after other interventions (P < 0.05). Low PAS individuals had lower OHTyr/Tyr ratios compared to individuals with normal PAS. WW + Tyr improved endothelial function, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and antithrombin IIII, and decreased plasma homocysteine, endothelin 1, and CD40L, P65/RELA, and CFH gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Combining Tyr capsule(s) with WW abolished the increase in iNOS, eNOS, VEGFA, and CHF expressions promoted by WW (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tyr, and its partial biotransformation into OHTyr, promoted cardiovascular health-related benefits in humans after dietary doses of Tyr. The study design allowed the health effects of individual phenols to be singled out from the dietary matrix in which they are naturally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mateus
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Guerra
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Varon
- Department of Pharmacy, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig de Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Barbosa
- CAP Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Rovira Virgili, Passeig Marítim, 25 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas Gaedigk
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Generation of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol from Tyrosol Present in Beer and Red Wine in a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092241. [PMID: 31540384 PMCID: PMC6769679 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer and wine contains the simple phenol tyrosol (TYR) which is endogenously converted into hydroxytyrosol (HT), one of the strongest dietary antioxidants, by CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 polymorphic enzymes. We investigated in humans the rate of this bioconversion after beer and red wine (RW) intake. In a single blind, randomized, crossover, controlled clinical trial (n = 20 healthy subjects), we evaluated TYR absorption and biotransformation into HT following a single dose of (i) RW, (ii) Indian pale ale beer (IPA), (iii) blonde beer, and (iv) non-alcoholic beer (free). Individuals were genotyped for CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, and a polygenic activity score (PAS) was derived. RW triggered the highest increase in total TYR recovered, followed by IPA, blonde, and free beers. Although the HT content in beer was minimal, an increase in HT production was observed in all beers following TYR in a dose-response manner, confirming TYR to HT biotransformation. Sex differences were identified in the rate of the conversion following RW. PAS scores correlated linearly with the recoveries of HT (HT:TYR ratios) after RW intake. In conclusion, after beer and RW consumption, TYR is absorbed and endogenously biotransformed into HT. This mechanism could be modulated by sex, genetics, and matrix components.
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11
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de Pablos RM, Espinosa-Oliva AM, Hornedo-Ortega R, Cano M, Arguelles S. Hydroxytyrosol protects from aging process via AMPK and autophagy; a review of its effects on cancer, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, immune-mediated and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:58-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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López de las Hazas MC, Godinho-Pereira J, Macià A, Almeida AF, Ventura MR, Motilva MJ, Santos CN. Brain uptake of hydroxytyrosol and its main circulating metabolites: Protective potential in neuronal cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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13
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Marhuenda J, Medina S, Martínez-Hernández P, Arina S, Zafrilla P, Mulero J, Oger C, Galano JM, Durand T, Solana A, Ferreres F, López-García JJ, Gil-Izquierdo A. Effect of the dietary intake of melatonin- and hydroxytyrosol-rich wines by healthy female volunteers on the systemic lipidomic-related oxylipins. Food Funct 2018; 8:3745-3757. [PMID: 28956582 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins are lipid mediators involved in the physiopathology of all organs. Moreover, isoprostanes have been established as general and reliable in vivo oxidative stress biomarkers. Red wine has proved to exert several benefits through the maintenance of the oxidative balance of the organism. Antiradical scavenging capacity has been mainly attributed to polyphenols. However, melatonin and hydroxytyrosol should be taken into account as potent antiradical agents. The present research aimed to clarify the situation of enzymatic and oxidative injury and eicosanoid urinary excretion related to the intake of three kinds of red wines and their primary musts. Judging by the reduction in the excretion of isoprostanes, red wine consumption exhibited the highest antioxidant protection against oxidative stress, attributed to its OHTyr content (p < 0.05), and to a lesser extent to its MEL content. Similarly, the intake of red wine leads to the cardioprotective effect due to the reduction in the urinary excretion of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin 2,3-dinor-11-β-PGF2α, besides the increase in the vasodilator prostaglandin PGE1, mediated by the melatonin (p < 0.05) and hydroxytyrosol (p < 0.05) contents. In conclusion, red wine (especially non-aged wine) exerts a higher in vivo antioxidant capacity than must or alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marhuenda
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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14
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Marhuenda J, Medina S, Martínez-Hernández P, Arina S, Zafrilla P, Mulero J, Genieser HG, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo Á. Melatonin and hydroxytyrosol-rich wines influence the generation of DNA oxidation catabolites linked to mutagenesis after the ingestion of three types of wine by healthy volunteers. Food Funct 2018; 7:4781-4796. [PMID: 27883159 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been proved to exert benefits with respect to the maintenance of the redox balance, and wine is a representative component. Bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, melatonin and hydroxytyrosol act as radical scavengers and regulate the oxidation status of organisms. Oxidative damage to DNA yields a large range of end products. The repair of oxidized DNA entails the removal of the useless bases and/or nucleotides as well as the release of circulating nucleotides and nucleosides. The current research aims to elucidate, for the first time, the DNA protection against oxidative stress provided by three types of red wine - relating it to the intake of bioactive compounds - after the intake of a serving of red wine/must by 18 healthy female volunteers during a short term double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled study. The novelty of our work is to describe the importance of melatonin and hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites (from gut microflora) in comparison with polyphenols in a red wine matrix (excluding colon derivatives). The results show that the intake of red wine and must secondarily reduces oxidative stress and carcinogenesis due to their content of homovanillic acid, as measured by decreases in the plasmatic concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine, 8-hydroxyguanine, and 8-nitroguanosine. Moreover, the intake of wine appears to exert vasodilatory effects, mediated by the action of nitric oxide and increased plasma guanosine-3'-5'-cyclic monophosphate plasmatic levels, owing to the intake of wines higher in melatonin and homovanillic acid. Therefore, the results obtained in the present study revealed that polyphenols, despite being the major compounds in the red wine matrix, are not the most effective compounds protecting DNA from oxidative attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marhuenda
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. and Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez-Hernández
- Lab of Clinical Analysis, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain and Bodegas Baigorri S.A.U., Ctra. Vitoria-Logroño Km. 53, 01307 Samaniego, Álava, Spain
| | - Simón Arina
- Bodegas Baigorri S.A.U., Ctra. Vitoria-Logroño Km. 53, 01307 Samaniego, Álava, Spain
| | - Pilar Zafrilla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Juana Mulero
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | | | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus University Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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15
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Guasch-Ferré M, Bhupathiraju SN, Hu FB. Use of Metabolomics in Improving Assessment of Dietary Intake. Clin Chem 2017; 64:82-98. [PMID: 29038146 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.272344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional metabolomics is rapidly evolving to integrate nutrition with complex metabolomics data to discover new biomarkers of nutritional exposure and status. CONTENT The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of the measurement techniques, study designs, and statistical approaches used in nutrition metabolomics, as well as to describe the current knowledge from epidemiologic studies identifying metabolite profiles associated with the intake of individual nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns. SUMMARY A wide range of technologies, databases, and computational tools are available to integrate nutritional metabolomics with dietary and phenotypic information. Biomarkers identified with the use of high-throughput metabolomics techniques include amino acids, acylcarnitines, carbohydrates, bile acids, purine and pyrimidine metabolites, and lipid classes. The most extensively studied food groups include fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, bread, whole grain cereals, nuts, wine, coffee, tea, cocoa, and chocolate. We identified 16 studies that evaluated metabolite signatures associated with dietary patterns. Dietary patterns examined included vegetarian and lactovegetarian diets, omnivorous diet, Western dietary patterns, prudent dietary patterns, Nordic diet, and Mediterranean diet. Although many metabolite biomarkers of individual foods and dietary patterns have been identified, those biomarkers may not be sensitive or specific to dietary intakes. Some biomarkers represent short-term intakes rather than long-term dietary habits. Nonetheless, nutritional metabolomics holds promise for the development of a robust and unbiased strategy for measuring diet. Still, this technology is intended to be complementary, rather than a replacement, to traditional well-validated dietary assessment methods such as food frequency questionnaires that can measure usual diet, the most relevant exposure in nutritional epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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16
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De la Torre R, Corella D, Castañer O, Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvado J, Vila J, Estruch R, Sorli JV, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Ruiz-Canela M, Basora J, Asensio EM, Covas MI, Fitó M. Protective effect of homovanillyl alcohol on cardiovascular disease and total mortality: virgin olive oil, wine, and catechol-methylation. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1297-1304. [PMID: 28446500 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.145813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Hydroxytyrosol-related foods have been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD).Objective: We investigated the associations between hydroxytyrosol and its biological metabolite, 3-O-methyl-hydroxytyrosol, also known as homovanillyl alcohol (HVAL), with CVD and total mortality.Design: We included 1851 men and women with a mean ± SD age of 66.8 ± 6 y at high risk of CVD from prospective cohort data. The primary endpoint was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes; the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Twenty-four-hour urinary hydroxytyrosol and HVAL and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) rs4680 genotypes were measured.Results: After multivariable adjustment, all biomarkers were associated, as a continuous variable, with lower CVD risk, but only HVAL showed a strong inverse association (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.80) for the comparison between quintiles. Only HVAL, as a continuous variable, was associated with total mortality (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.95). Individuals in the highest quintile of HVAL compared with the lowest had 9.2 (95% CI: 3.5, 20.8) and 6.3 (95% CI: 2.3, 12.1) additional years of life or years free of CVD, respectively, after 65 y. Individuals with the rs4680GG genotype had the highest HVAL concentrations (P = 0.05). There was no association between COMT genotypes and events or interaction between COMT genotypes and HVAL concentrations.Conclusions: We report, for the first time to our knowledge, an independent association between high urinary HVAL concentrations and a lower risk of CVD and total mortality in elderly individuals. VOO and wine consumption and a high metabolic COMT capacity for methylation are key factors for high HVAL concentrations. The association that stems from our results reinforces the benefits of 2 key components of the Mediterranean diet (wine and VOO). This trial was registered at www.predimed.es as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael De la Torre
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute of Sanitary Research, Navarra, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - José V Sorli
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Álava, Álava, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Balearic Islands, Islas Baleares, Spain.,Hospital Son Espases, Islas Baleares, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emili Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- Department of Family Medicine Research Unit, Sanitary District Primary Care Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; and.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra-Navarra Institute of Sanitary Research, Navarra, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Basora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Asensio
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Covas
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Nutritional Projects Assessment (NUPROAS) Handesbolag, Nacka, Sweden.,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; .,CIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Buckland G, Pastor A, Lujan-Barroso L, Gonzalez CA, Travier N, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Agudo A, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, Sánchez MJ, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Barricarte A, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Molinuevo A, Quirós JR, de la Torre R. Determination of oleanolic acid in human plasma and its association with olive oil intake in healthy Spanish adults within the EPIC Spain cohort study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn); Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Nursing of Public Health; Mental Health and Maternity and Child Health, School of Nursing; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonzalez
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Noemie Travier
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa; BioDonostia Research Institute; Donostia-San Sebastian; Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer; Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme; Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL); Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia; Spain
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Murcia Regional Health Council; IMIB-Arrixaca Murcia Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences; Universidad de Murcia; Murcia; Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Andaluzian School of Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs; Granada Spain
| | | | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Navarra Public Health Institute; Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA; Navarra Institute for Health Research; Pamplona Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Department of Epidemiology; Navarra Public Health Institute; Pamplona Spain
- IdiSNA; Navarra Institute for Health Research; Pamplona Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa; BioDonostia Research Institute; Donostia-San Sebastian; Spain
| | - Amaia Molinuevo
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn); Santiago de Compostela Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS); Pompeu Fabra University (UPF); Barcelona Spain
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18
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Aparicio-Soto M, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Cárdeno A, González-Benjumea A, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Alarcón-de-la-Lastra C. Dietary hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosyl acetate supplementation prevent pristane-induced systemic lupus erythematous in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Pennisi M, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Ontario ML, Bella R, Calabrese EJ, Crea R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V. Inflammasomes, hormesis, and antioxidants in neuroinflammation: Role of NRLP3 in Alzheimer disease. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1360-1372. [PMID: 27862176 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric symptoms, disability, caregiver burden, and premature death. It represents the most prevalent cause of dementia, and its incidence rates exponentially increase with increasing age. The number of Americans living with AD is rapidly increasing. An estimated 5.4 million Americans of all ages have AD in 2016. One in nine people aged 65 and older has AD, and by midcentury, someone in the United States will develop the disease every 33 sec. It is now accepted that neuroinflammation is a common feature of neurological disease. Inflammasomes, which are a multiprotein complex part of the innate immune system, induce inflammation in response to various stimuli, such as pathogens and stress. Inflammasomes activate proinflammatory caspases, such as caspase-1, leading to the activation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-18, and IL-33, which promote neuroinflammation and brain pathologies. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the best characterized in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular AD. Recent research suggests that NLRP3 could possibly be used in targeted therapies to alleviate neuroinflammation. Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms may be an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in AD and other disorders associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Herein, we introduce the hormetic dose-response concept and present possible mechanisms and applications to neuroprotection. We summarize the mechanisms involved in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in neuroinflammation. We also address and propose the potential therapeutic utility of the nutritional antioxidants sulforaphane and hydroxytyrosol against particular signs and symptoms of AD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Spinal Unit, Emergency Hospital "Cannizzaro,", Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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20
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Olive polyphenol effects in a mouse model of chronic ethanol addiction. Nutrition 2016; 33:65-69. [PMID: 27908553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol addiction elicits oxidative imbalance and it is well known that polyphenols possess antioxidant properties. We investigated whether or not polyphenols could confer a protective potential against alcohol-induced oxidative stress. METHODS We administered (per os) for two months 20 mg/kg of olive polyphenols containing mostly hydroxytyrosol in alcoholic adult male mice. Hydroxytyrosol metabolites as hydroxytyrosol sulfate 1 and hydroxytyrosol sulfate 2 were found in the serum of mice administered with polyphenols with the highest amount in animals treated with both polyphenols and alcohol. Oxidative stress was evaluated by FORT (free oxygen radical test) and FORD (free oxygen radical defense) tests. RESULTS Alcoholic mice showed a worse oxidative status than nonalcoholic mice (higher FORT and lower FORD) but polyphenol supplementation partially counteracted the alcohol pro-oxidant effects, as evidenced by FORT. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the antioxidant protection provided by polyphenols might be of primary interest for drug discovery and dietary-based prevention of the damage associated with chronic alcohol abuse.
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21
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Calabrese V, Giordano J, Ruggieri M, Berritta D, Trovato A, Ontario M, Bianchini R, Calabrese E. Hormesis, cellular stress response, and redox homeostasis in autism spectrum disorders. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1488-1498. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - J. Giordano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M. Ruggieri
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
| | - D. Berritta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - A. Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - M.L. Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - R. Bianchini
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics; Georgetown University Medical Center; Washington DC
- Service of Child Neuropsychiatry, ASP Siracusa, Italy
| | - E.J. Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts
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Motilva MJ, Macià A, Romero MP, Rubió L, Mercader M, González-Ferrero C. Human bioavailability and metabolism of phenolic compounds from red wine enriched with free or nano-encapsulated phenolic extract. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, Kotronoulas A, Pujadas M, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Farré M, de la Torre R. Metabolic disposition and biological significance of simple phenols of dietary origin: hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:218-36. [PMID: 27186796 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are dietary phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil and wine. Both compounds are also endogenously synthesized in our body as byproducts of dopamine and tyramine metabolisms, respectively. Over the last decades, research into hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol has experienced an increasing interest due to the role that these compounds may play in the prevention of certain pathologies (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer). The translation of promising in vitro and in vivo biological effects from preclinical studies to the context of human disease prevention initially depends on whether the dose ingested becomes available at the site of action. In this regard, information regarding the bioavailability and metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol is of most importance to evaluate the impact they may have on human health. In this review, we discuss and summarize the state of the art of the scientific evidence regarding the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. We also examine the impact of these compounds and their metabolites on biological activity in terms of beneficial health effects. Finally, we evaluate the different analytical approaches that have been developed to measure the plasma and urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Eulalia Olesti
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain ;,e Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain ;,f Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Bunn D, Brown T, Summerbell CD, Skeaff CM. Effects of total fat intake on body weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015:CD011834. [PMID: 26250104 PMCID: PMC10403157 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to prevent overweight and obesity in the general population we need to understand the relationship between the proportion of energy from fat and resulting weight and body fatness in the general population. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of proportion of energy intake from fat on measures of weight and body fatness (including obesity, waist circumference and body mass index) in people not aiming to lose weight, using all appropriate randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies in adults, children and young people SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL to March 2014 and MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL to November 2014. We did not limit the search by language. We also checked the references of relevant reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised intervention trial, 2) included children (aged ≥ 24 months), young people or adults, 3) randomised to a lower fat versus usual or moderate fat diet, without the intention to reduce weight in any participants, 4) not multifactorial and 5) assessed a measure of weight or body fatness after at least six months. We also included cohort studies in children, young people and adults that assessed the proportion of energy from fat at baseline and assessed the relationship with body weight or fatness after at least one year. We duplicated inclusion decisions and resolved disagreement by discussion or referral to a third party. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data on the population, intervention, control and outcome measures in duplicate. We extracted measures of weight and body fatness independently in duplicate at all available time points. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity and funnel plot analyses. MAIN RESULTS We included 32 RCTs (approximately 54,000 participants) and 30 sets of analyses of 25 cohorts. There is consistent evidence from RCTs in adults of a small weight-reducing effect of eating a smaller proportion of energy from fat; this was seen in almost all included studies and was highly resistant to sensitivity analyses. The effect of eating less fat (compared with usual diet) is a mean weight reduction of 1.5 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.0 to -1.1 kg), but greater weight loss results from greater fat reductions. The size of the effect on weight does not alter over time and is mirrored by reductions in body mass index (BMI) (-0.5 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.7 to -0.3) and waist circumference (-0.3 cm, 95% CI -0.6 to -0.02). Included cohort studies in children and adults most often do not suggest any relationship between total fat intake and later measures of weight, body fatness or change in body fatness. However, there was a suggestion that lower fat intake was associated with smaller increases in weight in middle-aged but not elderly adults, and in change in BMI in the highest validity child cohort. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Trials where participants were randomised to a lower fat intake versus usual or moderate fat intake, but with no intention to reduce weight, showed a consistent, stable but small effect of low fat intake on body fatness: slightly lower weight, BMI and waist circumference compared with controls. Greater fat reduction and lower baseline fat intake were both associated with greater reductions in weight. This effect of reducing total fat was not consistently reflected in cohort studies assessing the relationship between total fat intake and later measures of body fatness or change in body fatness in studies of children, young people or adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
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Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A, Davey Smith G. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015:CD011737. [PMID: 26068959 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats that are lost in the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. This review is part of a series split from and updating an overarching review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA) or monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and EMBASE (Ovid) on 5 March 2014. We also checked references of included studies and reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised with appropriate control group; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) not multifactorial; 4) adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 5) intervention at least 24 months; 6) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors working independently extracted participant numbers experiencing health outcomes in each arm, and we performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses and funnel plots. MAIN RESULTS We include 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (17 comparisons, ˜59,000 participants), which used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on how to reduce saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 17% (risk ratio (RR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72 to 0.96, 13 comparisons, 53,300 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² 65%, GRADE moderate quality of evidence), but effects on all-cause mortality (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.05; 12 trials, 55,858 participants) and cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 12 trials, 53,421 participants) were less clear (both GRADE moderate quality of evidence). There was some evidence that reducing saturated fats reduced the risk of myocardial infarction (fatal and non-fatal, RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01; 11 trials, 53,167 participants), but evidence for non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.13; 9 trials, 52,834 participants) was unclear and there were no clear effects on stroke (any stroke, RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.12; 8 trials, 50,952 participants). These relationships did not alter with sensitivity analysis. Subgrouping suggested that the reduction in cardiovascular events was seen in studies that primarily replaced saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat, and no effects were seen in studies replacing saturated fat with carbohydrate or protein, but effects in studies replacing with monounsaturated fats were unclear (as we located only one small trial). Subgrouping and meta-regression suggested that the degree of reduction in cardiovascular events was related to the degree of reduction of serum total cholesterol, and there were suggestions of greater protection with greater saturated fat reduction or greater increase in polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses or blood pressure, while there was some evidence of improvements in weight and BMI. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this updated review are suggestive of a small but potentially important reduction in cardiovascular risk on reduction of saturated fat intake. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat appears to be a useful strategy, and replacement with carbohydrate appears less useful, but effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat were unclear due to inclusion of only one small trial. This effect did not appear to alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk. Lifestyle advice to all those at risk of cardiovascular disease and to lower risk population groups should continue to include permanent reduction of dietary saturated fat and partial replacement by unsaturated fats. The ideal type of unsaturated fat is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK, NR4 7TJ
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Pujadas M, Mustata C, Menoyo E, Pastor A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Martínez-González MA, Salas-Salvadó J, Estruch R, Corella D, Fitó M, Ros E. Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Insights From the PREDIMED Study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 58:50-60. [PMID: 25940230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) multicenter, randomized, primary prevention trial assessed the long-term effects of the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on clinical events of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We randomized 7447 men and women at high CVD risk into three diets: MeDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), MeDiet supplemented with nuts, and control diet (advice on a low-fat diet). No energy restriction and no special intervention on physical activity were applied. We observed 288 CVD events (a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke or CVD death) during a median time of 4.8years; hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53-0.91) for the MeDiet+EVOO and 0.70 (CI, 0.53-0.94) for the MeDiet+nuts compared to the control group. Respective hazard ratios for incident diabetes (273 cases) among 3541 non-diabetic participants were 0.60 (0.43-0.85) and 0.82 (0.61-1.10) for MeDiet+EVOO and MeDiet+nuts, respectively versus control. Significant improvements in classical and emerging CVD risk factors also supported a favorable effect of both MeDiets on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles, lipoprotein particles, inflammation, oxidative stress, and carotid atherosclerosis. In nutrigenomic studies beneficial effects of the intervention with MedDiets showed interactions with several genetic variants (TCF7L2, APOA2, MLXIPL, LPL, FTO, M4CR, COX-2, GCKR and SERPINE1) with respect to intermediate and final phenotypes. Thus, the PREDIMED trial provided strong evidence that a vegetable-based MeDiet rich in unsaturated fat and polyphenols can be a sustainable and ideal model for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IDISNA (Navarra Health Research Institute), Pamplona, Spain; The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- The PREDIMED Research Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montse Fitó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Papaseit E, Pujadas M, Fitó M, Robledo P, Covas MI, Cheynier V, Meudec E, Escudier JL, de la Torre R. Moderate consumption of wine, through both its phenolic compounds and alcohol content, promotes hydroxytyrosol endogenous generation in humans. A randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB); Nacka Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Xicota L, Fitó M, Farré M, Dierssen M, de la Torre R. Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:4655-80. [PMID: 25781069 PMCID: PMC6272603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance. Virgin olive oil, the main source of lipids in the MD, is rich in minor phenolic components, particularly hydroxytyrosol (HT). HT potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have attracted researchers' attention and may contribute to neuroprotective effects credited to MD. In this review HT bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are presented prior to discussing health beneficial effects. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects together with its multiple mechanisms of action are reviewed. Other microconstituents of olive oil are also considered due to their potential neuroprotective effects (oleocanthal, triterpenic acids). Finally, we discuss the potential role of HT as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Laura Xicota
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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Martínez-González MA, Sánchez-Tainta A, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ros E, Arós F, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Schröder H, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Estruch R. A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100 Suppl 1:320S-8S. [PMID: 24871477 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vegetarian diets have been associated with reduced mortality. Because a pure vegetarian diet might not easily be embraced by many individuals, consuming preferentially plant-derived foods would be a more easily understood message. A provegetarian food pattern (FP) emphasizing preference for plant-derived foods might reduce all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify the association between an a priori-defined provegetarian FP and all-cause mortality. DESIGN We followed 7216 participants (57% women; mean age: 67 y) at high cardiovascular risk for a median of 4.8 y. A validated 137-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline and yearly thereafter. Fruit, vegetables, nuts, cereals, legumes, olive oil, and potatoes were positively weighted. Added animal fats, eggs, fish, dairy products, and meats or meat products were negatively weighted. Energy-adjusted quintiles were used to assign points to build the provegetarian FP (range: 12-60 points). Deaths were confirmed by review of medical records and the National Death Index. RESULTS There were 323 deaths during the follow-up period (76 from cardiovascular causes, 130 from cancer, 117 for noncancer, noncardiovascular causes). Higher baseline conformity with the provegetarian FP was associated with lower mortality (multivariable-adjusted HR for ≥ 40 compared with <30 points: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.88). Similar results were found with the use of updated information on diet (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Among omnivorous subjects at high cardiovascular risk, better conformity with an FP that emphasized plant-derived foods was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN35739639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Martínez-González
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Ana Sánchez-Tainta
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Dolores Corella
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Emilio Ros
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Fernando Arós
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Miquel Fiol
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Helmut Schröder
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Jose Lapetra
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Xavier Pinto
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
| | - Valentina Ruiz-Gutierrez
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (MAM-G and AS-T); the CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (DC, JS-S, ER, MF, RML-R, HS, JL, and RE), CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (HS), and the PREDIMED Network, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (RE, JS-S, FA, EG-G, VR-G, RML-R, LS-M, XP, and MAM-G), Spain; the Department of Internal Medicine (RE) and the Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (ER), Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; the Human Nutrition Department, Institut d'Investigacions Sanitaries Pere i Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus (JS-S); the Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain (HS); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain (DC); the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain (FA); the Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain (EG-G); the Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain (VR-G); the Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain (MF); the Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Seville, Spain (JL); the Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, Xarxa de Referència en Tecnologia d'Aliments, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (RML-R); the Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain (LS-M.); and the Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (XP)
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Tresserra-Rimbau A, Medina-Remón A, Pérez-Jiménez J, Martínez-González MA, Covas MI, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Gómez-Gracia E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Fiol M, Ros E, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Muñoz MA, Saez GT, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V, Warnberg J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Dietary intake and major food sources of polyphenols in a Spanish population at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:953-959. [PMID: 23332727 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epidemiological data have shown an inverse association between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the risk of cardiovascular disease or overall mortality. A comprehensive estimation of individual polyphenol intake in nutritional cohorts is needed to gain a better understanding of this association. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantitative intake of polyphenols and the major dietary sources in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) cohort using individual food consumption records. METHODS AND RESULTS The PREDIMED study is a large, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled 5-year feeding trial aimed at assessing the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A total of 7200 participants, aged 55-80 years, completed a validated 1-year food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. Polyphenol consumption was calculated by matching food consumption data from the FFQ with the recently developed Phenol-Explorer database on polyphenol content in foods. The mean total polyphenol intake was 820 ± 323 mg day⁻¹ (443 ± 218 mg day⁻¹ of flavonoids and 304 ± 156 mg day⁻¹ of phenolic acids). Hydroxycinnamic acids were the phenolic group with the highest consumption and 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most abundantly ingested individual polyphenol. The consumption of olives and olive oil was a differentiating factor in the phenolic profile of this Spanish population compared with other countries. CONCLUSION In Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, the main dietary source of polyphenols is coffee and fruits, but the most important differentiating factor with respect to other countries is the consumption of polyphenols from olives and olive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tresserra-Rimbau
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, XaRTA, INSA, Pharmacy School, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER CB06/03 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Madrid, Spain; RETICS RD06/0045, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, Sills D, Roberts FG, Moore HJ, Davey Smith G. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012:CD002137. [PMID: 22592684 PMCID: PMC6486029 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002137.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reduction and/or modification of dietary fats on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and individual outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer diagnoses in randomised clinical trials of at least 6 months duration. SEARCH METHODS For this review update, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched through to June 2010. References of Included studies and reviews were also checked. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised with appropriate control group, 2) intention to reduce or modify fat or cholesterol intake (excluding exclusively omega-3 fat interventions), 3) not multi factorial, 4) adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease, 5) intervention at least six months, 6) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Participant numbers experiencing health outcomes in each arm were extracted independently in duplicate and random effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, sub-grouping, sensitivity analyses and funnel plots were performed. MAIN RESULTS This updated review suggested that reducing saturated fat by reducing and/or modifying dietary fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96, 24 comparisons, 65,508 participants of whom 7% had a cardiovascular event, I(2) 50%). Subgrouping suggested that this reduction in cardiovascular events was seen in studies of fat modification (not reduction - which related directly to the degree of effect on serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), of at least two years duration and in studies of men (not of women). There were no clear effects of dietary fat changes on total mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04, 71,790 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04, 65,978 participants). This did not alter with sub-grouping or sensitivity analysis.Few studies compared reduced with modified fat diets, so direct comparison was not possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings are suggestive of a small but potentially important reduction in cardiovascular risk on modification of dietary fat, but not reduction of total fat, in longer trials. Lifestyle advice to all those at risk of cardiovascular disease and to lower risk population groups, should continue to include permanent reduction of dietary saturated fat and partial replacement by unsaturates. The ideal type of unsaturated fat is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Piersanti G, Retini M, Espartero JL, Madrona A, Zappia G. An efficient, economical synthesis of hydroxytyrosol and its protected forms via Baeyer–Villiger oxidation. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, Sills D, Roberts FG, Moore H, Smith GD. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD002137. [PMID: 21735388 PMCID: PMC4163969 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd002137.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reduction and/or modification of dietary fats on mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and individual outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer diagnoses in randomised clinical trials of at least 6 months duration. SEARCH STRATEGY For this review update, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched through to June 2010. References of Included studies and reviews were also checked. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised with appropriate control group, 2) intention to reduce or modify fat or cholesterol intake (excluding exclusively omega-3 fat interventions), 3) not multi factorial, 4) adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease, 5) intervention at least six months, 6) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Participant numbers experiencing health outcomes in each arm were extracted independently in duplicate and random effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, sub-grouping, sensitivity analyses and funnel plots were performed. MAIN RESULTS This updated review suggested that reducing saturated fat by reducing and/or modifying dietary fat reduced the risk of cardiovascular events by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96, 24 comparisons, 65,508 participants of whom 7% had a cardiovascular event, I(2) 50%). Subgrouping suggested that this reduction in cardiovascular events was seen in studies of fat modification (not reduction - which related directly to the degree of effect on serum total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides), of at least two years duration and in studies of men (not of women). There were no clear effects of dietary fat changes on total mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04, 71,790 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04, 65,978 participants). This did not alter with sub-grouping or sensitivity analysis.Few studies compared reduced with modified fat diets, so direct comparison was not possible. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings are suggestive of a small but potentially important reduction in cardiovascular risk on modification of dietary fat, but not reduction of total fat, in longer trials. Lifestyle advice to all those at risk of cardiovascular disease and to lower risk population groups, should continue to include permanent reduction of dietary saturated fat and partial replacement by unsaturates. The ideal type of unsaturated fat is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Carolyn D Summerbell
- School of Medicine and Health, Wolfson Research Institute, Queen’s Campus, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | | | | | | | - Helen Moore
- School of Medicine and Health, Wolfson Research Institute, Queen’s Campus, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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CHD risk in relation to alcohol intake from categorical and open-ended dietary instruments. Public Health Nutr 2010; 14:402-9. [PMID: 20707945 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980010002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the risk of CHD in relation to alcohol intake from three different instruments. DESIGN In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk study, weekly alcohol intake was estimated from a single question in a mail-in health and lifestyle questionnaire (HLQ), a semi-quantitative FFQ, and a 7 d diet diary (7DD). Information on smoking status, physical activity, disease history, social class and medication use was reported in the HLQ. Height, weight, blood pressure and blood lipids were measured at a health check-up. The average length of follow-up was 11 years. The association between alcohol intake and incident fatal and non-fatal CHD in a nested case-control sample was calculated using logistic regression. SETTING Norfolk, England. SUBJECTS A total of 2151 cases of incident fatal and non-fatal CHD and 5354 controls. RESULTS The Spearman correlation values between the 7DD, FFQ and HLQ alcohol estimates ranged from r = 0·70 to 0·82 (P < 0·0001 for all r values). Alcohol intake from all instruments was inversely associated with the risk of CHD in age- and multivariate-adjusted models. The relationships between the risk of CHD and alcohol intake from the 7DD, HLQ or FFQ were not significantly different from each other (P >0·10). A marginal difference between men and women was detected for the risk of CHD in relation to HLQ alcohol intake (P = 0·065). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, while the instruments were not uniform in their assessment of alcohol intake levels, the 7DD, HLQ and FFQ yielded similar inverse associations between alcohol intake and risk of CHD.
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