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Ito K, Hayashi T, Inaguma Y, Terazawa T, Ando M, Ando Y, Tsuge M, Kato A, Shimato A, Suzuki S, Kato S, Tomita A, Yamada S, Emi N. Effect of L-Leucine Therapy on Hematopoietic Function in Elderly Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1651-1657. [PMID: 31341143 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) often require blood transfusion and anticancer therapy; however, elderly patients are intolerant to the associated side effects of anticancer therapy. Because L-leucine can be used to treat Diamond-Blackfan anemia, which is caused by defects in ribosomal protein (RP) genes, resulting in increased in vivo hemoglobin synthesis, it is possible that some MDS patients who have aberrations in their RP genes could also be effectively treated with L-leucine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of L-leucine on hematopoietic function (reticulocyte count), red blood cell count, and hemoglobin level in MDS patients. We administered L-leucine (1.8 g, twice daily, 3 d/week) with oral vitamin B6 supplements to a final cohort of eight MDS patients for 15 (interquartile range: 11-18) weeks. We assessed the patients at 10 ± 2 weeks after therapy initiation. Only the absolute reticulocyte count was affected, improving in 6/8 (75%) patients. The median absolute reticulocyte count was 3.5 × 104 (range: 2.7-6.4 × 104) cells/µL, an increase of 0.5 × 104 (range: 0.2-0.7 × 104) cells/µL. At 10 weeks, there was only one case of an improved hemoglobin level. Non-hematological adverse events of grade 3 were observed one raised triglycerides. These data suggest that L-leucine has little effect on MDS. However, it may contribute to the recovery of hematopoietic function, futher study be desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Ito
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Takahiro Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Yoko Inaguma
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | | | - Maiko Ando
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine.,Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Yosuke Ando
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Tsuge
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Azusa Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Akane Shimato
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Akihiro Tomita
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Nobuhiko Emi
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
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Kimura T, Bier DM, Taylor CL. Summary of workshop discussions on establishing upper limits for amino acids with specific attention to available data for the essential amino acids leucine and tryptophan. J Nutr 2012; 142:2245S-2248S. [PMID: 23077196 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.160846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The morning of the first day of the 8th Amino Acid Assessment Workshop was organized and co-sponsored by the International Council on Amino Acid Science (ICAAS) and the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation and was focused on the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation's approach to establishing upper limits of nutrients. The remainder of d 1 and all of d 2 were focused on the safety of leucine and tryptophan, with special emphasis on determining the upper level of the safe range of intake. It was recognized that some toxicological frameworks, mainly the key-events dose response framework, might be applicable to amino acids and provide appropriate assistance to regulators in establishing upper limits for amino acids as a group of nutrients used in dietary supplements. ICAAS-funded projects for determining the upper intake limits for the essential amino acid leucine provided the main pool of leucine data discussed at the workshop. The acute clinical study suggests 500 mg/(kg · d) as a possible upper limit for leucine in healthy humans, but the safety margin needed to widen this limit to the general population has not been determined. For tryptophan, the workshop participants found less ground for consensus. Older efficacy studies suggested that tryptophan at 8-15 g/d was well tolerated, but human research was abruptly terminated in the late 1980s and no new data are available. Animal results obtained in pigs and rodents were discussed and 2 possible strategies for applying those outcomes to humans were described.
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