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Tomar R, Das SS, Balaga VKR, Tambe S, Sahoo J, Rath SK, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Therapeutic Implications of Dietary Polyphenols-Loaded Nanoemulsions in Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2036-2053. [PMID: 38525971 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide, even the second foremost cause related to non-communicable diseases. Cancer cells typically possess several cellular and biological processes including, persistence, propagation, differentiation, cellular death, and expression of cellular-type specific functions. The molecular picture of carcinogenesis and progression is unwinding, and it appears to be a tangled combination of processes occurring within and between cancer cells and their surrounding tissue matrix. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites abundant in fruits, vegetables, cereals, and other natural plant sources. Natural polyphenols have implicated potential anticancer activity by various mechanisms involved in their antitumor action, including modulation of signaling pathways majorly related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, relocation, angiogenesis, metastatic processes, and cell death. The applications of polyphenols have been limited due to the hydrophobic nature and lower oral bioavailability that could be possibly overcome through encapsulating them into nanocarrier-mediated delivery systems, leading to improved anticancer activity. Nanoemulsions (NEs) possess diverse feasible properties, including greater surface area, modifiable surficial charge, higher half-life, site-specific targeting, and formulation imaging capability necessary to create a practical therapeutic impact, and have drawn increased attention in cancer therapy research. This review has summarized and discussed the basic concepts, classification, delivery approaches, and anticancer mechanism of various polyphenols and polyphenols-encapsulated nanoemulsions with improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Tomar
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Venkata Krishna Rao Balaga
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Srusti Tambe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019, India
| | - Jagannath Sahoo
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400056, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
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Rudzińska A, Juchaniuk P, Oberda J, Wiśniewska J, Wojdan W, Szklener K, Mańdziuk S. Phytochemicals in Cancer Treatment and Cancer Prevention-Review on Epidemiological Data and Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081896. [PMID: 37111115 PMCID: PMC10144429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are a non-nutritive substances that are present in plants and contribute significantly to their flavor and color. These biologically active compounds are classified into five major groups, namely phenolics, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen-containing compounds, and alkaloids, and are known for their potential health benefits in the prevention of various diseases, including cancer. The purpose of this review article is to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of the dietary phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, carotenoids, and stilbenes, in cancer treatment and prevention based on the epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Although the majority of epidemiological studies report a significant advantage of the heightened phytochemical consumption and increased serum levels of these compounds, linking increased exposure with a lower cancer risk across most cancer types, these effects could not be replicated in the most available clinical trials. In fact, many of these trials were withdrawn early due to a lack of evidence and/or risk of harm. Despite the strong anticancer effect of phytochemicals, as well as their proven efficacy in multiple epidemiological studies, there is still a great need for human studies and clinical trials, with great caution regarding the safety measures. This review article provides an overview of the epidemiological and clinical evidence supporting the potential chemopreventive and anticancer properties of phytochemicals, with a focus on the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudzińska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Pola Juchaniuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Oberda
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wiśniewska
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Wojdan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szklener
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Mańdziuk
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
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Potential Role of Natural Antioxidant Products in Oncological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030704. [PMID: 36978952 PMCID: PMC10045077 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has a significant effect and a crucial role in disease prevention. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and a sedentary lifestyle are closely related with the onset and development of many types of cancer. Recently, nutraceuticals have gained much attention in cancer research due to their pleiotropic effects and relatively non-toxic behavior. In fact, although in the past there have been conflicting results on the role of some antioxidant compounds as allies against cancer, numerous recent clinical studies highlight the efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, further investigation is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the potential anticancer capacities of dietary phytochemicals as well as the mechanisms of their action. Therefore, this review examined the current literature on the key properties of the bioactive components present in the diet, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and antioxidant compounds, as well as their use in cancer therapy. The review focused on potential chemopreventive properties, evaluating their synergistic effects with anticancer drugs and, consequently, the side effects associated with current cancer treatments.
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Liu F, Peng Y, Qiao Y, Huang Y, Song F, Zhang M, Song F. Consumption of flavonoids and risk of hormone-related cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr J 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35545772 PMCID: PMC9092883 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids seem to have hormone-like and anti-hormone properties so that the consumption of flavonoids may have potential effects on hormone-related cancers (HRCs), but the findings have been inconsistent so far. This meta-analysis was aimed to explore the association between flavonoids intake and HRCs risk among observational studies. METHODS Qualified articles, published on PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1999 to March 2022 and focused on relationships between flavonoids (total, subclass of and individual flavonoids) and HRCs (breast, ovarian, endometrial, thyroid, prostate and testicular cancer), were retrieved for pooled analysis. Random effects models were performed to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Funnel plots and Begg's/Egger's test were used to evaluate the publication bias. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the origins of heterogeneity. RESULTS All included studies were rated as medium or high quality. Higher consumption of flavonols (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94), flavones (OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77-0.95) and isoflavones (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.92) was associated with a decreased risk of women-specific cancers (breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer), while the higher intake of total flavonoids was linked to a significantly elevated risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21). A little evidence implied that thyroid cancer risk was augmented with the higher intake of flavones (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50) and flavanones (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.57). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests evidence that intake of total flavonoids, flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols and isoflavones would be associated with a lower or higher risk of HRCs, which perhaps provides guidance for diet guidelines to a certain extent. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42020200720 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yating Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yubei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fangfang Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Hazafa A, Iqbal MO, Javaid U, Tareen MBK, Amna D, Ramzan A, Piracha S, Naeem M. Inhibitory effect of polyphenols (phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes) on cancer by regulating signal transduction pathways: a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:432-445. [PMID: 34609675 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural products, especially polyphenols (phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes) are suggested to be more potent anticancer drugs because of their no or less adverse effects, excess availability, high accuracy, and secure mode of action. In the present review, potential anticancer mechanisms of action of some polyphenols including phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes are discussed based on clinical, epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro studies. The emerging evidence revealed that phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes induced apoptosis in the treatment of breast (MCF-7), colon (Caco-2), lung (SKLU-1), prostate (DU-145 and LNCaP), hepatocellular (hepG-2), and cervical (A-431) cancer cells, cell cycle arrest (S/G2/M/G1-phases) in gastric (MKN-45 and MKN-74), colorectal (HCT-116), bladder (T-24 and 5637), oral (H-400), leukemic (HL-60 and MOLT-4) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cells, and inhibit cell proliferation against the prostate (PC-3), liver (LI-90), breast (T47D and MDA-MB-231), colon (HT-29 and Caco-2), cervical (HTB-35), and MIC-1 cancer cells through caspase-3, MAPK, AMPK, Akt, NF-κB, Wnt, CD95, and SIRT1 pathways. Based on accumulated data, we suggested that polyphenols could be considered as a viable therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer cells in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - M O Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - U Javaid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - M B K Tareen
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Huazhong, China
| | - D Amna
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - A Ramzan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - S Piracha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - M Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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6
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Bahrami A, Makiabadi E, Jalali S, Heidari Z, Assadi M, Rashidkhani B. Dietary Intake of Polyphenols and the Risk of Breast Cancer: a Case-Control Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:330-340. [PMID: 34796137 PMCID: PMC8575644 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite mounting evidence that dietary polyphenols might have a protective role against the risk of breast cancer (BC), few studies have assessed the relationship between intake of polyphenol classes and subclasses with BC. Thus, we examined the relationship between dietary polyphenol classes and individual polyphenol subclasses and the risk of BC. Overall, 134 newly diagnosed BC patients and 267 healthy hospitalized controls were studied. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). To estimate dietary intake of polyphenols, polyphenol content (flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and phenolic acids) of 80 food items were derived from an updated version of the phenol explorer database containing information on the effects of food processing on polyphenol content. The dietary polyphenol intake was calculated by matching the subjects' food consumption data with our polyphenol content database. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Controls had higher intake of total polyphenol (marginally significant; p = 0.07), hydroxycinnamic acid (marginally significant; p = 0.05) and lignan (p = 0.01). After adjusting for potential confounders, high consumption of lignans (highest vs. lowest tertile: OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.26–0.97; p for trend = 0.04) associated with decreased risk of BC. There was no significant relationship between intake of other polyphenols and risk of BC. Our findings suggest that high lignan intake is associated with a reduced risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bahrami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Elham Makiabadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Saba Jalali
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
| | - Mojan Assadi
- Department of Oncology, Shahid Madani Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj 3149779453, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1981619573, Iran
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Hosseinzadeh E, Hassanzadeh A, Marofi F, Alivand MR, Solali S. Flavonoid-Based Cancer Therapy: An Updated Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1398-1414. [PMID: 32324520 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200423071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As cancers are one of the most important causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, researchers try to discover novel compounds and therapeutic approaches to decrease survival of cancer cells, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In the last decade, use of special phytochemical compounds and flavonoids was reported to be an interesting and hopeful tactic in the field of cancer therapy. Flavonoids are natural polyphenols found in plant, fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. Based on reports, over 10,000 flavonoids have been detected and categorized into several subclasses, including flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and chalcones. It seems that the anticancer effect of flavonoids is mainly due to their antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities and their potential to modulate molecular targets and signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis and hormone activities. The main aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between flavonoids consumption and cancer risk, and discuss the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds in human cancer cells. Hence, we tried to collect and revise important recent in vivo and in vitro researches about the most effective flavonoids and their main mechanisms of action in various types of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Solali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Feng XL, Zhan XX, Zuo LSY, Mo XF, Zhang X, Liu KY, Li L, Zhang CX. Associations between serum concentration of flavonoids and breast cancer risk among Chinese women. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1347-1362. [PMID: 32683480 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vitro and in vivo studies suggested that flavonols, flavones, flavanones and flavan-3-ols have preventive effects on breast carcinogenesis. Epidemiological evidence about the associations between these flavonoid biomarkers and breast cancer risk is limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentration of these flavonoids and breast cancer risk among Chinese women. METHODS This hospital-based case-control study recruited 792 breast cancer cases and 813 age frequency-matched (5-year interval) controls who provided eligible blood samples in Guangdong Province, China. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure flavonoids. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence internal (CI). RESULTS Higher concentrations of serum flavonols, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, flavanones and naringenin were significantly associated with lower breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the highest versus the lowest group of 0.66 (0.49-0.89) for flavonols, 0.52 (0.38-0.70) for isorhamnetin, 0.60 (0.45-0.80) for kaempferol, 0.65 (0.49-0.87) for flavanones and 0.45 (0.34-0.60) for naringenin, respectively. Significant positive associations were observed between serum flavan-3-ols, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and breast cancer risk. No significant associations were observed for serum quercetin, flavones, apigenin, luteolin, hesperetin, catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin-3-gallate with overall breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that serum flavonols and flavanones were inversely associated with breast cancer risk and serum flavan-3-ols were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Serum flavones were not associated with overall breast cancer risk. These findings warrant further confirmation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Shi-Yuan Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Fei Mo
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Moradi M, Gholipour H, Sepehri H, Attari F, Delphi L, Arefian E, Moridi Farimani M. Flavonoid calycopterin triggers apoptosis in triple-negative and ER-positive human breast cancer cells through activating different patterns of gene expression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2145-2156. [PMID: 32617603 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01917-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cause of death related to cancer in women, and several studies proved that flavonoids could induce apoptosis in this cancer through different pathways. Calycopterin is a flavonoid which was shown to induce preferential antiproliferative effects on some cancers; however, no information is available on its effect on breast cancer. Therefore, in this paper, the apoptotic effect of calycopterin and its underlying mechanism in two different breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were investigated. MTT assay showed that calycopterin reduced the proliferation of both cancer lines with no adverse effect on normal cells. The clonogenic assay showed that calycopterin treatments decreased the colony numbers and sizes, and wound healing assay demonstrated the inhibition of migration in both cancer cells. Cell cycle and annexin/PI analyses indicated that calycopterin augmented sub-G1 population and annexin/PI-positive cells. Gene expression revealed that Bax/Bcl2 increased in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, while no change was observed in that of the MCF7 line. Expression of gene caspase-8 was augmented in both lines, although increased expression of caspase-3 was found just in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results validated the apoptotic effect of calycopterin on both breast cancer lines with more potency on triple-negative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Moradi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Gholipour
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houri Sepehri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ladan Delphi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Molecular Virology Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Moridi Farimani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Vitelli-Storelli F, Zamora-Ros R, Molina AJ, Fernández-Villa T, Castelló A, Barrio JP, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Obón-Santacana M, Gómez-Acebo I, Fernández-Tardón G, Molina-Barceló A, Alguacil J, Marcos-Gragera R, Ruiz-Moreno E, Pedraza M, Gil L, Guevara M, Castaño-Vinyals G, Dierssen-Sotos T, Kogevinas M, Aragonés N, Martín V. Association between Polyphenol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk by Menopausal and Hormone Receptor Status. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040994. [PMID: 32260135 PMCID: PMC7231201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence of phenolic compounds acting as protective agents on several cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, some polyphenol classes have not been investigated and there is a lack of studies assessing the effect on menopausal status and hormone receptor status as influenced by these compounds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between the intake of all polyphenol classes in relation to the BC risk by menopausal and hormone receptor status. We used data from a population-based multi-case-control study (MCC-Spain) including 1472 BC cases and 1577 controls from 12 different regions of Spain. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated using logistic regression of mixed effects by quartiles and log2 of polyphenol intakes (adjusted for the residual method) of overall BC, menopausal and receptor status. No associations were found between total intake of polyphenols and BC risk. However, inverse associations were found between stilbenes and all BC risk (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.56–0.89, Ptrend = 0.001), the consumption of hydroxybenzaldehydes (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.59–0.93, Ptrend = 0.012) and hydroxycoumarins (ORQ4 vs. Q1: 0.73, 95%CI: 0.57–0.93; Ptrend = 0.005) were also inversely associated. The intake of stilbenes, hydroxybenzaldehydes and hydroxycoumarins can contribute to BC reduction risk on all menopausal and receptor statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Vitelli-Storelli
- Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (F.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (T.F.-V.); (J.P.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Raul Zamora-Ros
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932607401
| | - Antonio J. Molina
- Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (F.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (T.F.-V.); (J.P.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Tania Fernández-Villa
- Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (F.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (T.F.-V.); (J.P.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Adela Castelló
- School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Juan Pablo Barrio
- Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (F.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (T.F.-V.); (J.P.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Public Health Institute of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain;
- ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Gómez-Acebo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Tardón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Oncology Institute, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Molina-Barceló
- Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO—Public Health, 46035 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan Alguacil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Centro de Investigación en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CYSMA), Universidad de Huelva, Campus Universitario de El Carmen, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rafael Marcos-Gragera
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Department of Health, Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Descriptive Epidemiology, Genetics and Cancer Prevention Group, Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17090 Girona, Spain
- Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Emma Ruiz-Moreno
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Manuela Pedraza
- Department of Oncology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Leire Gil
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20013 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marcela Guevara
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Public Health Institute of Navarra, IdiSNA, 31003 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gemma Castaño-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Universidad de Cantabria—IDIVAL, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Campus del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragonés
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
- Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division, Department of Health of Madrid, 28035 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín
- Group of Investigation in Interactions Gene-Environment and Health (GIIGAS)/Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain; (F.V.-S.); (A.J.M.); (T.F.-V.); (J.P.B.); (V.M.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (P.A.); (E.A.); (I.G.-A.);
(G.F.-T.); (J.A.); (R.M.-G.); (E.R.-M.); (L.G.); (M.G.); (G.C.-V.); (T.D.-S.); (M.K.); (N.A.)
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11
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Hazafa A, Rehman KU, Jahan N, Jabeen Z. The Role of Polyphenol (Flavonoids) Compounds in the Treatment of Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2020; 72:386-397. [PMID: 31287738 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1637006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a second leading cause of deaths and major public health problem. It occurs due to extensive DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiations, ionizing radiations, environmental agents, therapeutic agents, etc. Among all cancers, the most frequently diagnosed cancers are lung (12.7%), breast (10.9%), colorectal (9.7%), and gastric cancer (7.81%). Natural compounds are most favorable against cancer on the count of their anti-cancerous ability, easy to avail and efficient. Among natural compounds, polyphenols (flavonoids, catechin, hesperetin, flavones, quercetin, phenolic acids, ellagic acid, lignans, stilbenes, etc.) represent a large and diverse group used in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Natural flavonoids are derived from different plant sources and from various medicinal plants including Petroselinum crispum, Apium graveolens, Flemingia vestita, Phyllanthus emblica, etc. Natural flavonoids possess antioxidant, anti-inflammation, as well as anti-cancerous activities through multiple pathways, they induce apoptosis in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, lower the nucleoside diphosphate kinase-B activity in lung, bladder and colon cancers, inhibit cell-proliferation and cell cycle arrest by suppressing the NF-kB pathway in various cancers, etc. The current review summarized the anticancer activities of natural polyphenols and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil-Ur- Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zara Jabeen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Association between flavonoids, flavonoid subclasses intake and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 29:493-500. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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13
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Sudhakaran M, Sardesai S, Doseff AI. Flavonoids: New Frontier for Immuno-Regulation and Breast Cancer Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E103. [PMID: 30995775 PMCID: PMC6523469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the US, despite advances in detection and treatment. In addition, breast cancer survivors often struggle with long-term treatment related comorbidities. Identifying novel therapies that are effective while minimizing toxicity is critical in curtailing this disease. Flavonoids, a subclass of plant polyphenols, are emerging as promising treatment options for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to anti-oxidant properties, flavonoids can directly interact with proteins, making them ideal small molecules for the modulation of enzymes, transcription factors and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of flavonoids to modulate the tumor associated macrophage function. However, clinical applications of flavonoids in cancer trials are limited. Epidemiological and smaller clinical studies have been largely hypothesis generating. Future research should aim at addressing known challenges with a broader use of preclinical models and investigating enhanced dose-delivery systems that can overcome limited bioavailability of dietary flavonoids. In this review, we discuss the structure-functional impact of flavonoids and their action on breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their clinical role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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14
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Green Tea Consumption and Risk of Breast Cancer and Recurrence-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121886. [PMID: 30513889 PMCID: PMC6316745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and several factors are involved in its onset. Green tea (GT) has been shown to have potential beneficial effects on different types of cancer. The aim of this review was to evaluate the association between GT regular consumption and risk of BC in women. The risk of BC recurrence and risk of BC in relation to menopausal status were also evaluated. A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to perform the systematic review and meta-analysis. Full texts were downloaded for 40 studies; however, only 13 records were included in the meta-analysis. Eight were cohort studies and five were case-control studies. The pooled sample consisted of 163,810 people. An inverse statistically significant relationship between GT and BC risk, with an Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.85 ((95% CI = 0.80–0.92), p = 0.000)), was found. Egger’s linear regression test did not show a potential publication bias (intercept 0.33, t = 0.40, p = 0.695), which was also confirmed by the symmetry of the funnel plot. Moreover, no high statistical heterogeneity (Chi2 = 31.55, df = 13, I2 = 58.79%, p = 0.003) was found. The results of this meta-analysis showed a potential protective effect of GT consumption on BC, especially for BC recurrence.
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15
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Saraei R, Marofi F, Naimi A, Talebi M, Ghaebi M, Javan N, Salimi O, Hassanzadeh A. Leukemia therapy by flavonoids: Future and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8203-8220. [PMID: 30500074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a varied family of phytonutrients (plant chemicals) usually are detected in fruits and vegetables. In this big family, there exist more than 10,000 members that is separated into six chief subtypes: isoflavonols, flavonoenes, flavones, flavonols, anthocyanins, and chalcones. The natural compounds, such as fruits, have visible positive effects in regulating of survival involved signaling pathways that performance as the regulator of cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Researchers have established that commonly consumption up flavonoids decreases incidence and development risk of certain cancers, especially leukemia. Flavonoids have been able to induce apoptosis and stimulate cell cycle arrest in cancer cells via different pathways. Similarly, they have antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis capability, which were shown in wide ranges of cancer cells, particularly, leukemia. It seems that flavonoid because of their widespread approval, evident safety and low rate of side effects, have hopeful anticarcinogenic potential for leukemia therapy. Based on the last decade reports, the most important acting mechanisms of these natural compounds in leukemia cells are stimulating of apoptosis pathways by upregulation of caspase 3, 8, 9 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and proapoptotic proteins, particularly Bax activation. As well, they can induce cell cycle arrest in target cells not only via increasing of activated levels of p21 and p53 but also by inhibition of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Furthermore, attenuation of neclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation, suppression of signaling pathway and downregulation of intracellular antiapoptotic proteins are other significant antileukemic function mechanism of flavonoids. Overall, it appears that flavonoids are promising and effective compounds in the field of leukemia therapy. In this review, we tried to accumulate and revise most promising flavonoids and finally declared their major working mechanisms in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raedeh Saraei
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Adel Naimi
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratories Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Salimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Hüser S, Guth S, Joost HG, Soukup ST, Köhrle J, Kreienbrock L, Diel P, Lachenmeier DW, Eisenbrand G, Vollmer G, Nöthlings U, Marko D, Mally A, Grune T, Lehmann L, Steinberg P, Kulling SE. Effects of isoflavones on breast tissue and the thyroid hormone system in humans: a comprehensive safety evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2703-2748. [PMID: 30132047 PMCID: PMC6132702 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are secondary plant constituents of certain foods and feeds such as soy, linseeds, and red clover. Furthermore, isoflavone-containing preparations are marketed as food supplements and so-called dietary food for special medical purposes to alleviate health complaints of peri- and postmenopausal women. Based on the bioactivity of isoflavones, especially their hormonal properties, there is an ongoing discussion regarding their potential adverse effects on human health. This review evaluates and summarises the evidence from interventional and observational studies addressing potential unintended effects of isoflavones on the female breast in healthy women as well as in breast cancer patients and on the thyroid hormone system. In addition, evidence from animal and in vitro studies considered relevant in this context was taken into account along with their strengths and limitations. Key factors influencing the biological effects of isoflavones, e.g., bioavailability, plasma and tissue concentrations, metabolism, temporality (pre- vs. postmenopausal women), and duration of isoflavone exposure, were also addressed. Final conclusions on the safety of isoflavones are guided by the aim of precautionary consumer protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hüser
- Institute for Food Toxicology, Senate Commission on Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Guth
- Institute for Food Toxicology, Senate Commission on Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - H G Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - S T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, CVK, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D W Lachenmeier
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Eisenbrand
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - G Vollmer
- Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Physiology and Endocrinology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - T Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L Lehmann
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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17
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Flavan-3-ols consumption and cancer risk: A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:73573-73592. [PMID: 27634884 PMCID: PMC5342000 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous in vitro studies and animal model data have suggested that flavan-3-ols, the most common subclass of flavonoids in the diet, may exert protective effects against cancer, epidemiologic studies have reported inconclusive results for the association between flavan-3-ols intake and cancer risk. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies to investigate the preventive effects of flavan-3-ols on various types of cancers. A total of 43 epidemiologic studies, consisting of 25 case-control and 18 prospective cohort studies, were included. A significant inverse association was shown between flavan-3-ols intake and the risk of overall cancer (relative risk (RR) 0.935, 95%CI: 0.891-0.981). When cancer types were separately analyzed, a statistically significant protective effect of flavan-3-ols consumption was observed in rectal cancer (RR 0.838, 95%CI: 0.733-0.958), oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer (RR 0.759, 95%CI: 0.581-0.993), breast (RR 0.885, 95%CI: 0.790-0.991) in case-control studies and stomach cancer in women (RR 0.633, 95%CI: 0.468-0.858). Our analysis indicates the potential benefits of flavan-3-ols in cancer prevention.
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Sak K. Epidemiological Evidences on Dietary Flavonoids and Breast Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2309-2328. [PMID: 28950673 PMCID: PMC5720631 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.9.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on associations between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are highly needed to assess the actual effects of flavonoids in humans. Experimental investigations in vitro conditions cannot detect and model the real action of these phytochemicals due to the limitations to consider absorption and metabolic biotransformation as well as several complex interactions. Therefore, the data about association findings between intake of flavonoids and breast cancer risk are compiled and analyzed in the current review by evaluating both the results obtained using food composition databases as well as different biomarkers. Although several case-control studies demonstrate some reduction in breast cancer risk related to high consumption of flavones and flavonols, large-scale prospective cohort studies with follow-up times of many years do not confirm these findings. Intake of isoflavones can be associated with a decrease in breast tumorigenesis only in Asian countries where the consumption of soy foods is high but not among Western women with significantly lower ingestion amounts, suggesting the presence of so-called threshold level of effect. Besides doses, the timing of exposure to isoflavones seems also to be a significant factor as childhood and prepubertal age can be critical periods. Although women may need to consume high amounts of isoflavones typical to Asian diets to gain beneficial effects and protection against mammary carcinogenesis, it is still too early to give any specific recommendations to prevent breast tumors by diet rich in certain flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- NGO Praeventio, Näituse 22-3, Tartu 50407, Estonia.
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19
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Dwyer JT. The Best of Times. Annu Rev Nutr 2017; 37:33-49. [PMID: 28574804 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
I came of age as a nutrition scientist during the best of times-years that spanned a rapidly changing world of food and nutrition science, politics, and policy that greatly broadened the specialty and its influence on public affairs. I followed the conventional route in academe, working my way up the academic ladder in Boston from a base first in a school of public health and later in a teaching hospital and medical school, interspersed with stints in Washington, DC. Thus I tell a tale of two cities. Those were the best of times because nutrition science and policy converged and led to important policies and programs that shaped the field for the next 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Dwyer
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; .,Schools of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, and the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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20
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Hostetler GL, Ralston RA, Schwartz SJ. Flavones: Food Sources, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Bioactivity. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:423-435. [PMID: 28507008 PMCID: PMC5421117 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavones are a class of flavonoids that are a subject of increasing interest because of their biological activities in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews the major sources of flavones and their concentrations in food and beverages, which vary widely between studies. It also covers the roles of flavones in plants, the influence of growing conditions on their concentrations, and their stability during food processing. The absorption and metabolism of flavones are also reviewed, in particular the intestinal absorption of both O- and C-glycosides. Pharmacokinetic studies in both animals and humans are described, comparing differences between species and the effects of glycosylation on bioavailability. Biological activity in animal models and human dietary intervention studies is also reviewed. A better understanding of flavone sources and bioavailability is needed to understand mechanisms of action and nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Hostetler
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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21
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Natural Polyphenols for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080515. [PMID: 27556486 PMCID: PMC4997428 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much epidemiological evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables could lower the risk of certain cancers. The effect has been attributed, in part, to natural polyphenols. Besides, numerous studies have demonstrated that natural polyphenols could be used for the prevention and treatment of cancer. Potential mechanisms included antioxidant, anti-inflammation as well as the modulation of multiple molecular events involved in carcinogenesis. The current review summarized the anticancer efficacy of major polyphenol classes (flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes) and discussed the potential mechanisms of action, which were based on epidemiological, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies within the past five years.
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Kim K, Vance TM, Chun OK. Estimated intake and major food sources of flavonoids among US adults: changes between 1999-2002 and 2007-2010 in NHANES. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:833-843. [PMID: 26026481 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to: (1) demonstrate an updated method for estimating flavonoid intake of US adults by combining USDA flavonoid databases and NHANES food consumption data; (2) document the intake and major food sources of flavonoids among US adults; and (3) determine whether the intake and major sources of dietary flavonoids have changed during the past decade in the USA. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study. Differences over time in the average daily intake and food sources of flavonoids were estimated using food consumption data from NHANES 1999-2002 (n = 8833) and 2007-2010 (n = 9801). RESULTS The total flavonoid intake of US adults aged 19 years and older remained unchanged between 1999-2002 (201.9 mg/d) and 2007-2010 (200.1 mg/d), with tea being the top food source of flavonoids. However, intake of anthocyanidins increased during this period, mainly due to greater consumption of berries and wine, which was consistent with the increase in per capita consumption of these foods based on USDA food availability data. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide updated information on flavonoid intake and food contributors and warrant further studies on the health implications of flavonoid intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijoon Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Extension Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA.,BOM Research Institute, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Terrence M Vance
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Extension Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA
| | - Ock K Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, 3624 Horsebarn Road Extension Unit 4017, Storrs, CT, 06269-4017, USA.
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