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Beaver LM, Prati M, Gilman KE, Luo T, Shay NF, Branscum AJ, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT. Diet composition influences the effect of high fat diets on bone in growing male mice. Bone 2023; 176:116888. [PMID: 37652285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of diet-induced obesity on bone in rodents is variable, with bone mass increases, decreases, and no impact reported. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the composition of obesogenic diet may influence bone independent of its effect on body weight. As proof-of-principle, we used a mouse model to compare the skeletal effects of a commonly used high fat 'Western' diet and a modified high fat diet. The modified high fat diet included ground English walnut and was isocaloric for macronutrients, but differed in fatty acid composition and contained nutrients (e.g. polyphenols) not present in the standard 'Western' diet. Eight-week-old mice were randomized into 1 of 3 dietary treatments (n = 8/group): (1) low fat control diet (LF; 10 % kcal fat); (2) high fat 'Western' diet (HF; 46 % kcal fat as soybean oil and lard); or (3) modified high fat diet supplemented with ground walnuts (HF + walnut; 46 % kcal fat as soybean oil, lard, and walnut) and maintained on their respective diets for 9 weeks. Bone response in femur was then evaluated using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, microcomputed tomography, and histomorphometry. Consumption of both obesogenic diets resulted in increased weight gain but differed in impact on bone and bone marrow adiposity in distal femur metaphysis. Mice consuming the high fat 'Western' diet exhibited a tendency for lower cancellous bone volume fraction and connectivity density, and had lower osteoblast-lined bone perimeter (an index of bone formation) and higher bone marrow adiposity than low fat controls. Mice fed the modified high fat diet did not differ from mice fed control (low fat) diet in cancellous bone microarchitecture, or osteoblast-lined bone perimeter, and exhibited lower bone marrow adiposity compared to mice fed the 'Western' diet. This proof-of-principal study demonstrates that two obesogenic diets, similar in macronutrient distribution and induction of weight gain, can have different effects on cancellous bone in distal femur metaphysis. Because the composition of the diets used to induce obesity in rodents does not recapitulate a common human diet, our finding challenges the translatability of rodent studies evaluating the impact of diet-induced obesity on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maud Prati
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kristy E Gilman
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Neil F Shay
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Ma C, Guo Y, Klaassen CD. Effect of Gender and Various Diets on Bile Acid Profile and Related Genes in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:62-71. [PMID: 33093018 PMCID: PMC7804885 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is an important factor for many diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that several diets had remarkable effects on bile acid (BA) homeostasis, but no comprehensive information for both genders has been reported. Therefore, the current study characterized the nine most used laboratory animal diets fed to both genders of mice for a comparable evaluation of the topic. The results revealed that marked gender difference of BA homeostasis is ubiquitous in mice fed the various diets, and of the nine diets fed to mice, the atherogenic and calorie-restricted diets had the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, followed by the laboratory chow and essential fatty acid-deficient diets. More specifically, females had higher concentrations of total BAs in serum when fed six of the nine diets compared with male mice, and 26 of the 35 BA-related genes had marked gender difference in mice fed at least one diet. Although mice fed the calorie-restricted and atherogenic diets had increased BA, which was more pronounced in serum than liver, the intestinal farnesoid X nuclear receptor-fibroblast growth factor 15 axis changed in the opposite direction and resulted in different hepatic expression patterns of Cyp7a1 Compared with AIN-93M purified diet, higher hepatic expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 was the only alteration in mice fed the laboratory chow diet. The other diets had little or no effect on BA concentrations in the liver and plasma or in the expression of BA-related genes. This study indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Previous evidence suggested that various diets have effect on bile acid (BA) homeostasis; however, it is not possible to directly compare these findings, as they are all from different studies. The current study was the first to systematically investigate the influence of the nine most used experimental mouse diets on BA homeostasis and potential mechanism in both genders of mice and indicates that gender, the atherogenic diet, and the calorie-restricted diet have the most marked effects on BA homeostasis, which will aid future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China (C.M., Y.G.); National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China (C.M., Y.G.); and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (C.D.K.)
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Zec MM, Krga I, Takić M, Debeljak-Martačić J, Korićanac G, Ranković S, Popović T, Pantelić M, Glibetic M. Walnut Consumption Induces Tissue-Specific Omega-6/Omega-3 Decrease in High-Fructose-Fed Wistar Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28136-28145. [PMID: 33163796 PMCID: PMC7643199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased dietary, blood, and tissue n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Due to Westernized dietary patterns, the increasing n-6/n-3 ratio is of growing concern worldwide, and dietary strategies aimed at its lowering are of public health importance. Walnuts are rich in dietary fats, and their consumption promotes cardiometabolic health. This study aimed to examine the effect of 6-week walnut consumption on tissue-specific n-6/n-3 ratio and fatty acid metabolic conversion in fructose-fed rats with a cluster of metabolic disorders. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard diet with or without 10% fructose in drinking water for 9 weeks. Diets of half of the animals were then supplemented with walnuts (2.4 g/day) for 6 weeks, upon which fatty acid profiles were determined in plasma, liver, adipose tissue, and kidney total lipids. Results showed that walnuts induced significant decreases in the n-6/n-3 content of total lipid pool in plasma and examined tissues, irrespective of metabolic burden. Walnut intervention decreased plasma and liver palmitoleic/palmitic, arachidonic/linoleic, and docosahexaenoic/α-linolenic acid ratios. It also modulated individual fatty acid levels by reducing arachidonic and palmitic acid and increasing α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acid in plasma and most tissues. Our study demonstrated that 6-week consumption of walnuts favorably modulated n-6/n-3 plasma and tissue ratio in male Wistar rats regardless of high-fructose feeding, underscoring the promising potential of walnuts in both prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja M. Zec
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Irena Krga
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Takić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martačić
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Goran Korićanac
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Slavica Ranković
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Tamara Popović
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Marija Pantelić
- Laboratory
for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of
Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Maria Glibetic
- Centre
of Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Institute for
Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
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Gencoglu H, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Sahin N, Juturu V, Sahin K. Effects of walnut oil on metabolic profile and transcription factors in rats fed high-carbohydrate-/-fat diets. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13235. [PMID: 32424831 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of walnut oil (WO) on metabolic profile and transcription factors in rats fed high carbohydrate (HCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Forty-two male rats were divided in to six groups: (a) Control, (b) WO (20 mg/kg BW), (c) HCD (20% of sucrose), (d) HCD + WO (e) HFD (42% of calories as fat), and (f) HFD + WO. HFD and HCD intake increased final body weights by 19% and 23% and visceral fat weights by 3- and 5-fold, respectively (p < .05 for all). In addition, serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and free fatty acids (FFA) insulin, leptin, and MDA levels increased in rats fed with HFD and HCD. WO supplementation improved these metabolic parameters (p < .05 for all). HFD + WO and HCD + WO treated groups had a significant reduction in serum and liver malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 12% or 15% (p < .05 for both). In addition, WO supplementation lowered the levels of hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NADPH oxidase subunit p22phox , whereas increased the endothelial-NO synthase (e-NOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2, and sirtuin-1 levels. In conclusion, WO supplementation could alleviate the adverse impacts of both HCD and HFD in the rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study suggests that WO intake can modulate carbohydrate metabolism and increase antioxidant capacity. These properties might be partially mediated through the regulation of the transcription factors and some proteins involved in energy metabolism, as well as a balance of oxidative stress, and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Gencoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Vijaya Juturu
- Research and Development, OmniActives Health Technologies Inc., Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Gu X, Li C, He J, Li S, Bazzano LA, Kinchen JM, Chen W, He H, Gu D, Kelly TN. Serum metabolites associate with lipid phenotypes among Bogalusa Heart Study participants. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:777-787. [PMID: 32131987 PMCID: PMC7524581 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia has been identified as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to identify metabolites and metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids among Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) participants using untargeted metabolomics. METHODS AND RESULTS Untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy was used to quantify serum metabolites of 1 243 BHS participants (816 whites and 427 African-Americans). The association of single metabolites with lipids was assessed using multiple linear regression models to adjust for covariables. Weighted correlation network analysis was utilized to identify modules of co-abundant metabolites and examine their covariable adjusted correlations with lipids. All analyses were conducted according to race and using Bonferroni-corrected α-thresholds to determine statistical significance. Thirteen metabolites with known biochemical identities showing novel association achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.04 × 10-5, and showed consistent effect directions in both whites and African-Americans. Twelve were from lipid sub-pathways including fatty acid metabolism (arachidonoylcholine, dihomo-linolenoyl-choline, docosahexaenoylcholine, linoleoylcholine, oleoylcholine, palmitoylcholine, and stearoylcholine), monohydroxy fatty acids (2-hydroxybehenate, 2-hydroxypalmitate, and 2-hydroxystearate), and lysoplasmalogens [1-(1-enyl-oleoyl)-GPE (P-18:1) and 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-GPE (P-18:0)]. The gamma-glutamylglutamine, peptide from the gamma-glutamyl amino acid sub-pathway, were also identified. In addition, four metabolite modules achieved Bonferroni-significance, p < 1.39 × 10-3, in both whites and African-Americans. These four modules were largely comprised of metabolites from lipid sub-pathways, with one module comprised of metabolites which were not identified in the single metabolite analyses. CONCLUSION The current study identified 13 metabolites and 4 metabolite modules showing novel association with lipids, providing new insights into the physiological mechanisms regulating lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GE, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shengxu Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Wei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hua He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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6
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Becraft AR, Sturm ML, Mendez RL, Park SH, Lee SI, Shay NF. Intake of Watermelon or Its Byproducts Alters Glucose Metabolism, the Microbiome, and Hepatic Proinflammatory Metabolites in High-Fat-Fed Male C57BL/6 J Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:434-442. [PMID: 31711172 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Watermelon intake has demonstrated effects on blood pressure regulation along with other health benefits. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that intake of whole watermelon and products made from watermelon rind (WR) and watermelon skin (WS) would remediate metabolic complications in C57BL/6 J male mice fed a diet modeling a Western-style diet. METHODS Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were provided either a low-fat (LF) diet [10% fat (by energy), 8% sucrose (by energy) and no added cholesterol], a high-fat (HF) diet [45% fat (by energy), 20% kcal sucrose (by energy), and 1% (w/w) cholesterol], or an HF diet plus WS, WR, or watermelon flesh (WF) for 10 wk. Dried WF was provided at 8% of total energy (equivalent to 2 servings/d) and watermelon skin and rind were added at 2.25% (w/w, dry weight of additives) of diet. Animals were provided experimental diets ad libitum. Body weights, food intake, and glucose tolerance were determined. Serum insulin, inflammatory markers, microbiome, and the relative hepatic concentrations of 709 biochemicals were measured postmortem. RESULTS The final body weight of the LF control group was significantly lower than that of the HF-fed control group (32.8 ± 0.9 g compared with 43.0 ± 1.7 g, P ≤ 0.05). Mice in treatment groups fed HF supplemented with watermelon products had final body weights similar to those of the HF-fed control mice. Serum insulin concentrations were reduced by ∼40% in mice fed an HF diet with WR supplementation compared with mice fed an HF diet alone (P ≤ 0.05). Depending on the individual species or group, microbiome populations changed significantly. Supplementation with WF resulted in a return to the basal hepatic concentrations of monohydroxy fatty acids and eicosanoids observed in LF-fed mice (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In obese male mice, supplementation with each of the watermelon products to an HF diet improved fasting blood glucose, circulating serum insulin concentrations, and changes in hepatic metabolite accumulation. At a modest level of supplementation to an HF diet, fiber-rich additives made from WR and WS further improved glucose metabolism and energy efficiency and shifted the microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Becraft
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Marlena L Sturm
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Rufa L Mendez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang In Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Neil F Shay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Haramiishi R, Okuyama S, Yoshimura M, Nakajima M, Furukawa Y, Ito H, Amakura Y. Identification of the characteristic components in walnut and anti-inflammatory effect of glansreginin A as an indicator for quality evaluation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:187-197. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1670046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Walnut is a nutritious food material, but only a few studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of its functions and the technique for quality evaluation. Therefore, we analyzed the components in aqueous methanol extract of walnut, and characterized 30 components, including three new compounds, glansreginin C, ellagic acid 4-O-(3′-O-galloyl)-β-D-xyloside, and platycaryanin A methyl ester. We analyzed the extracts of other nuts using HPLC and clarified that a characteristic peak corresponding to glansreginin A was mainly observed in walnut. These results suggested that glansreginin A might be an indicator component of the quality of walnut. We then examined whether glansreginin A has neuroprotective effect, using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model mice. The results revealed that oral administration of glansreginin A prevented LPS-induced abnormal behavior and LPS-induced hyper-activation of microglia in the hippocampus. These results suggested that glansreginin A has the ability to exert neuroprotective effect via anti-inflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Haramiishi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okuyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Furukawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ito
- Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Department of Nutritional Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
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8
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Modulation of LDL receptor expression and promoter methylation in HepG2 cells treated with a Corylus avellana L. extract. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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Luo T, Miranda-Garcia O, Sasaki G, Wang J, Shay NF. Genistein and daidzein decrease food intake and body weight gain in mice, and alter LXR signaling in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 2018; 9:6257-6267. [PMID: 30402623 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01718b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The study is designed to determine whether consumption of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, differentially influence metabolic syndrome, and to further investigate the involvement of Liver X Receptor (LXR) regulation. C57BL/6J mice were fed diets as follows: low fat diet (LF), western-style diet (WD), and WD containing 0.16% (w/w) of genistein (WD + G) or daidzein (WD + D) for 10 weeks. Intake of WD + G and WD + D produced a robust decrease in body weight gain by 40% and 19%, respectively (p < 0.05). Genistein reduced energy intake by 26%, and daidzein decreased energy intake by 8% (p < 0.05). A glucose tolerance test indicated that genistein consumption significantly decreased the incremental areas under the curve (AUC) from 60-120 min, compared to WD-fed mice. Gene array profiling of hepatic mRNA, and cell studies utilizing transiently-transfected HepG2 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells devoid of or expressing LXRα, indicate that genistein and daidzein induce LXR-mediated pathways. In summary, addition of genistein, compared to daidzein, to a western-style diet, more profoundly decreased food intake, body weight gain, while both appear to regulate LXR-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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10
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Red raspberries suppress NLRP3 inflammasome and attenuate metabolic abnormalities in diet-induced obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 53:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Xing T, Kang Y, Xu X, Wang B, Du M, Zhu MJ. Raspberry Supplementation Improves Insulin Signaling and Promotes Brown-Like Adipocyte Development in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29322691 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Excessive lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Raspberry (RB) contains high amount of polyphenols and dietary fibers. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of RB supplementation on WAT morphology, inflammation, and insulin signaling in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, and further explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice are fed with a control diet or a HFD supplemented with 0 or 5% freeze dried RB for 12 weeks. RB supplementation decreases WAT hypertrophy induced by HFD and suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and macrophage infiltration in WAT. Meanwhile, RB addition improves insulin sensitivity of HFD-mice. Additionally, RB supplementation drives the browning of WAT (beige adipogenesis), which is associated with elevated PGC-1α and FNDC5/irisin contents. Consistently, the content of beige adipocyte markers including UCP1, PRDM16, Cytochrome C, Cidea, and Elvol3 is enhanced in HFD-mice, which are correlated with increased AMPK phosphorylation and Sirt1 protein contents. CONCLUSION Dietary RB attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy and inflammation of WAT in HFD-mice and improves insulin sensitivity and beige adipogenesis, which is associated with increased FNDC5/irisin content and activation of AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. RB supplementation provides a promising strategy to prevent diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xing
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.,College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Xinglian Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Hyper-hippocampal glycogen induced by glycogen loading with exhaustive exercise. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1285. [PMID: 29352196 PMCID: PMC5775355 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen loading (GL), a well-known type of sports conditioning, in combination with exercise and a high carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 1 week enhances individual endurance capacity through muscle glycogen supercompensation. This exercise-diet combination is necessary for successful GL. Glycogen in the brain contributes to hippocampus-related memory functions and endurance capacity. Although the effect of HCD on the brain remains unknown, brain supercompensation occurs following exhaustive exercise (EE), a component of GL. We thus employed a rat model of GL and examined whether GL increases glycogen levels in the brain as well as in muscle, and found that GL increased glycogen levels in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, as well as in muscle. We further explored the essential components of GL (exercise and/or diet conditions) to establish a minimal model of GL focusing on the brain. Exercise, rather than a HCD, was found to be crucial for GL-induced hyper-glycogen in muscle, the hippocampus and the hypothalamus. Moreover, EE was essential for hyper-glycogen only in the hippocampus even without HCD. Here we propose the EE component of GL without HCD as a condition that enhances brain glycogen stores especially in the hippocampus, implicating a physiological strategy to enhance hippocampal functions.
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