Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine/cisplatin versus 5-fluorouracil/cisplatin in resectable laryngohypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

A combination of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (FP regimen) is widely used as a standard treatment for head and neck cancer. Recently, capecitabine has received increased attention. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the efficacy and safety of the FP regimen with that of the "XP regimen," which entails concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with capecitabine and cisplatin, in patients with resectable laryngohypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We retrospectively reviewed the records of 71 patients-67 men and 4 women, mean age 63.1 years-who had undergone CCRT from August 2004 through March 2010 as a primary treatment for resectable laryngohypopharyngeal SCC. There were 19 patients in the FP group and 52 in the XP group. With regard to chemotherapy morbidity, the XP group had less need for healthcare resources and fewer delays in treatment due to toxicity. After CCRT, a higher (but not statistically significant) rate of complete response was observed in the XP group than in the FP group (71.2 vs. 57.9%; p = 0.291); the XP group also had a better, although not significant, response among patients with neck metastases (67.7 vs. 30%; p = 0.063). During follow-up (mean: 34.8 ± 30.6 mo), recurrence rates were 25.6% in the XP group and 21.4% in the FP group-again, not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.745). At the time of the final follow-up, 20 of the 71 patients (28.2%) had died of disease. Compared with the FP group, the XP group had a significantly lower incidence of disease-specific death (21.2 vs. 47.4% respectively; p = 0.030). However, the Kaplan-Meier method identified no significant difference between the two groups in the 3-year survival rate (69.6 vs. 63.2%; p = 0.263). Overall toxicities and grade 3 or 4 toxicities (with the exception of hand-foot syndrome) were generally far less common in the XP group, with statistical significance identified for patients who experienced anemia, nausea, and vomiting. On the basis of our experience, we conclude that the results of the XP regimen were comparable to those of the FP regimen for CCRT in patients with resectable laryngohypopharyngeal SCC in terms of treatment efficacy, toxicity, and patient convenience.

Laryngeal preservation in stage III/IV resectable laryngo-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma following concurrent chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine/cisplatin

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care for advanced head and neck cancers in organ preservation strategies. However, the optimal regimen for concurrent chemoradiotherapy to maximise treatment response and minimise toxicity has not been determined. The purpose of the present clinical study was to review our experience with concurrent chemoradiotherapy by using the capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) regimen with the aim of organ preservation in patients with locoregionally advanced laryngo-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LHSCC). Thirty-one patients with stage III/IV resectable LHSCC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy using the XP regimen were enrolled in the present study. The patients fulfilled the criteria for total laryngectomy when surgery was selected. The primary endpoint of this study was disease-free survival with a functional larynx, which was indicated by the following conditions: survival, disease-free status at all sites and retention of a functional larynx. Following concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 23 patients (74.2%) exhibited complete response (CR) at the primary site and 18 (69.2%) exhibited CR at the lymph nodes. CR at the primary site and lymph nodes was identified in 19 patients (61.3%). The Kaplan-Meier 2- and 3-year cumulative disease-free survival rates were 71.5 and 59.6%, respectively. Anatomical laryngeal preservation was feasible in 27 patients (87.1%) during the 36-month follow-up period. Permanent gastrostomy was required in 1 disease-free patient with an intact larynx. For the entire cohort, the 2- and 3-year cumulative disease-free survival with a functional larynx was 58.5 and 50.7%, respectively. The most frequent grade 3–4 haematological and non-haematological toxicities of concurrent chemoradiotherapy were leucopenia and mucositis, which developed in 4 (12.9%) and 8 (25.8%) patients, respectively. There was no treatment-related death. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with the XP regimen resulted in functional laryngeal preservation accompanied by disease-free survival and the toxicities were more tolerable and manageable compared to those reported by previous studies.