1
|
Kamakura T, Kitahara T, Kondo M, Horii A, Hanada Y, Takimoto Y, Ishida Y, Nakamura Y, Imai T, Inohara H, Shimada S. Rat Model of Ménière's Attack: Intratympanic Injection of Potassium Chloride Produces Direction-Changing Spontaneous Nystagmus and Hearing Fluctuations. Audiol Neurootol 2019; 24:217-223. [PMID: 31522181 DOI: 10.1159/000502275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major symptoms of Ménière's disease are episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. Direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus is a characteristic vestibular finding in Ménière's disease. In the acute stage, spontaneous nystagmus beating to the affected side (irritative nystagmus) is often observed, while paralytic nystagmus beating to the healthy side is found in the chronic stage. This direction-changing nystagmus can be reproduced in guinea pigs by increasing the potassium ion concentration in the perilymph. The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of increasing the potassium ion concentration of the rat perilymph on hearing and nystagmus. Under isoflurane anesthesia, 22 rats received intratympanic injection of different concentrations of potassium chloride (KCl) solution or distilled water: groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received saturated (3.4 M) KCl solution, 2 M KCl, 1 M KCl, and distilled water, respectively. The nystagmus direction and number per 15 s were monitored for 150 min. In the other 8 rats, hearing was monitored 30 min and 20 h after intratympanic injection of 2 M KCl (group 5) or distilled water (group 6) using the auditory brainstem responses. Rats in groups 1 and 2 showed spontaneous irritative nystagmus beating to the affected ear followed by paralytic nystagmus beating to the contralateral side. In group 3, irritative nystagmus occurred but paralytic nystagmus was rarely observed. Rats in group 4 showed no nystagmus. Rats in group 5 showed significant hearing impairment 30 min after KCl injection that recovered 20 h later. Control animals in group 6 showed no significant changes in hearing. The reversible hearing impairment with direction-changing spontaneous nystagmus induced by potassium injection into the tympanic cavity in rats was quite similar to that observed in acute Ménière's attacks. This rat model could be used for basic research investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Ménière's attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kamakura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Otemae Hospital, Osaka, Japan, .,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan,
| | - Tadashi Kitahara
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Arata Horii
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hanada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Takimoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishida
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takao Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenori Inohara
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| |
Collapse
|