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Barros MDS, de Araújo ND, Magalhães-Gama F, Pereira Ribeiro TL, Alves Hanna FS, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Costa AG. γδ T Cells for Leukemia Immunotherapy: New and Expanding Trends. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729085. [PMID: 34630403 PMCID: PMC8493128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, many discoveries have elucidated the cellular and molecular diversity in the leukemic microenvironment and improved our knowledge regarding their complex nature. This has allowed the development of new therapeutic strategies against leukemia. Advances in biotechnology and the current understanding of T cell-engineering have led to new approaches in this fight, thus improving cell-mediated immune response against cancer. However, most of the investigations focus only on conventional cytotoxic cells, while ignoring the potential of unconventional T cells that until now have been little studied. γδ T cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that has an extensive repertoire of tumor sensing and may have new immunotherapeutic applications in a wide range of tumors. The ability to respond regardless of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression, the secretion of antitumor mediators and high functional plasticity are hallmarks of γδ T cells, and are ones that make them a promising alternative in the field of cell therapy. Despite this situation, in particular cases, the leukemic microenvironment can adopt strategies to circumvent the antitumor response of these lymphocytes, causing their exhaustion or polarization to a tumor-promoting phenotype. Intervening in this crosstalk can improve their capabilities and clinical applications and can make them key components in new therapeutic antileukemic approaches. In this review, we highlight several characteristics of γδ T cells and their interactions in leukemia. Furthermore, we explore strategies for maximizing their antitumor functions, aiming to illustrate the findings destined for a better mobilization of γδ T cells against the tumor. Finally, we outline our perspectives on their therapeutic applicability and indicate outstanding issues for future basic and clinical leukemia research, in the hope of contributing to the advancement of studies on γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias de Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thaís Lohana Pereira Ribeiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, UEA, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
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Paul S, Lal G. Regulatory and effector functions of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells and their therapeutic potential in adoptive cellular therapy for cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:976-85. [PMID: 27012367 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are an important innate immune component of the tumor microenvironment and are known to affect the immune response in a wide variety of tumors. Unlike αβ T cells, γδ T cells are capable of spontaneous secretion of IL-17A and IFN-γ without undergoing clonal expansion. Although γδ T cells do not require self-MHC-restricted priming, they can distinguish "foreign" or transformed cells from healthy self-cells by using activating and inhibitory killer Ig-like receptors. γδ T cells were used in several clinical trials to treat cancer patient due to their MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity, ability to distinguish transformed cells from normal cells, the capacity to secrete inflammatory cytokines and also their ability to enhance the generation of antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell response. In this review, we discuss the effector and regulatory function of γδ T cells in the tumor microenvironment with special emphasis on the potential for their use in adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- Infection and Immunity Section, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Infection and Immunity Section, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
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Failli A, Legitimo A, Orsini G, Romanini A, Consolini R. The effects of zoledronate on monocyte-derived dendritic cells from melanoma patients differ depending on the clinical stage of the disease. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3375-82. [PMID: 25483657 PMCID: PMC4514079 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid has shown indirect anticancer effects on angiogenesis, the tumor microenvironment and immune responses. Its immunological action is exerted, at least in part, via its modulating properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of zoledronic acid on the dendritic cells of melanoma patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 26 patients with melanoma and 11 healthy donors. Dendritic cells were derived from purified monocytes, and zoledronic acid (ZA) was added on the first day of culture. The phenotype and function of the generated cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. The ZA-treated monocytes from patients with early-stage disease generated DCs characterized by reduced endocytic activity and increased allostimulatory capacity compared with the untreated samples, allowing restoration of the DC function observed in normal subjects. In contrast, the ZA-treated monocytes from patients at stage III generated cells with higher CD14 antigen expression and endocytosis than the untreated samples. Therefore, in melanoma patients, the in vitro ZA effects differ according to the progression of the disease. In addition, our preliminary results appear to suggest that ZA effects are also influenced by the expression of CD14 antigen, indicating that the DC phenotype together with clinical characteristics must be considered in the choice of patients to be treated with ZA. Our work focus on the effect of ZA on monocyte-derived DCs from melanoma patients, showing that the effects of therapeutic doses of this drug might be mediated at least in part by modulation of myeloid cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Failli
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
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Abstract
Despite the growing number of preclinical and clinical trials focused on immunotherapy for the treatment of malignant gliomas, the prognosis for this disease remains grim. Cancer immunotherapy seeks to recruit an effective immune response to eliminate tumor cells. To date, cancer vaccines have shown only limited effectiveness because of our incomplete understanding of the necessary effector cells and mechanisms that yield efficient tumor clearance. CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity has long been proposed as the primary effector function necessary for tumor regression. However, there is increasing evidence that indicates that components of the immune system other than CD8+ T cells play important roles in tumor eradication and control. The following review should provide an understanding of the mechanisms involved in an effective antitumor response to guide future therapeutic designs. The information provided suggests an alternate means of effective tumor clearance in malignant glioma to the canonical CD8+ cytotoxic T cell mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Elizabeth Pluhar
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN. 55108
| | - Christopher A. Pennell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 55445
| | - Michael R. Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 55445
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Wu YL, Ding YP, Tanaka Y, Shen LW, Wei CH, Minato N, Zhang W. γδ T cells and their potential for immunotherapy. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:119-35. [PMID: 24520210 PMCID: PMC3920167 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 (also termed Vγ2Vδ2) T cells, a major human peripheral blood γδ T cell subset, recognize microbial (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate and endogenous isopentenyl diphosphate in a TCR-dependent manner. The recognition does not require specific accessory cells, antigen uptake, antigen processing, or MHC class I, class II, or class Ib expression. This subset of T cells plays important roles in mediating innate immunity against a wide variety of infections and displays potent and broad cytotoxic activity against human tumor cells. Because γδT cells express both natural killer receptors such as NKG2D and γδ T cell receptors, they are considered to represent a link between innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, activated γδ T cells express a high level of antigen-presenting cell-related molecules and can present peptide antigens derived from destructed cells to αβ T cells. Utilizing these antimicrobial and anti-tumor properties of γδ T cells, preclinical and clinical trials have been conducted to develop novel immunotherapies for infections and malignancies. Here, we review the immunological properties of γδ T cells including the underlying recognition mechanism of nonpeptitde antigens and summarize the results of γδ T cell-based therapies so far performed. Based on the results of the reported trials, γδ T cells appear to be a promising tool for novel immunotherapies against certain types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Wu
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Yan-Ping Ding
- 1. Lab of Molecular Immunology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 630 Xincheng Road, Hangzhou, 310051, China
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- 3. Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Chuan-He Wei
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- 4. Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Wen Zhang
- 2. Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Li W, Okuda A, Yamamoto H, Yamanishi K, Terada N, Yamanishi H, Tanaka Y, Okamura H. Regulation of development of CD56 bright CD11c + NK-like cells with helper function by IL-18. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82586. [PMID: 24376549 PMCID: PMC3869690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells augment host defense against tumors and infections, and might have a therapeutic potential in immunotherapy. However, mechanism of γδ T cell proliferation is unclear, and therefore it is difficult to prepare sufficient numbers of γδ T cells for clinical immunotherapy. Recently, natural killer (NK)-like CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells were shown to promote the proliferation of γδ T cells in an IL-18-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrated that the NK-like CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells could directly interact with γδ T cells to promote their sustained expansion, while conventional dendritic cells (DCs), IFN-α-induced DCs, plasmacytoid DCs or monocytes did not. We also examined the cellular mechanism underlying the regulation of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells. CD14(+) monocytes pre-incubated with IL-2/IL-18 formed intensive interactions with CD56(int)CD11c(+) cells to promote their differentiation to CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells with helper function. The development of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells was suppressed in an IFN-α dependent manner. These results indicate that CD14(+) monocytes pretreated with IL-2/IL-18, but neither DCs nor monocytes, play a determining role on the development and proliferation of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells, which in turn modulate the expansion of γδ T cells. CD56(bright)CD11c(+) NK-like cells may be a novel target for immunotherapy utilizing γδ T cells, by overcoming the limitation of γδ T cells proliferation.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Models, Immunological
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akico Okuda
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Terada
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamanishi
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Role of gamma-delta T-cells in cancer: another opening door to immunotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 14:891-5. [PMID: 23054752 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-delta (γδ) T-cells are a subset of T-lymphocytes characterized by the presence of a surface antigen recognition complex type 2. Those γδ T-cells represent 2-5 % of peripheral T-cells only, but they are common in organs and mucosae, acting as a first defense system in the entries to the organism. The γδ T-cells take part on immune response by direct cytolysis, development of memory phenotypes, and modulation of immune cells, and they have been implied in autoimmune disorders, immune deficiencies, infections, and tumor diseases. We reported the role of γδ T-cells in oncology, focusing in their potential applications for cancer treatment. Experimental designs and clinical trials in the treatment of solid malignancies are extensively reviewed.
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Orsini G, Failli A, Legitimo A, Adinolfi B, Romanini A, Consolini R. Zoledronic acid modulates maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1420-6. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is a drug of the bisphosphonate class, which is widely used for the treatment of both osteoporosis and skeletal metastasis. Besides its main bone antiresorptive activity, ZA displays antitumor properties, by triggering the expansion and activation of γδ T-cells, which exert an antitumor effect through dendritic cells (DCs). Several studies have reported the interaction between ZA and γδ T-cells, but the potential immunoregulatory activity of this drug on DCs has scarcely been investigated. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluated the effects of a therapeutic dose of ZA on the in vitro generation and maturation of DCs derived from peripheral blood monocytes of healthy adult donors. We demonstrate that ZA treatment did not affect DC differentiation, but inhibited DC maturation on lipopolysaccharide activation, as shown by the impaired expression of maturation surface markers and reduced ability to induce allogeneic T-cell proliferation. Interestingly, IL-10 secretion by mature DCs was significantly lower in ZA-treated cells than in controls. We conclude that ZA exerts its immunological in vitro activity also by modulating the maturation of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Barbara Adinolfi
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa
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Castella B, Vitale C, Coscia M, Massaia M. Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immunotherapy in hematological malignancies: from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:2419-32. [PMID: 21584812 PMCID: PMC11114640 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0704-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many hematological malignancies consist of tumor cells that are spontaneously recognized and killed by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. These tumor cells generate high amounts of intracellular phosphorylated metabolites mimicking the natural ligands and display a wide range of stress-induced self-ligands that are recognized by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. The intrinsic features of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and that of tumor cells of hematological origin constitute an ideal combination from which to develop Vγ9Vδ2 T cell-based immune interventions. In this review, we will discuss the rationale, preclinical and clinical data in favor of this therapeutic strategy and the future perspectives of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Castella
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Laboratorio di Ematologia Oncologica, Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS), and Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista di Torino e Universita’ degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Divisione Universitaria di Ematologia, Via Genova 3, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Chiplunkar S, Dhar S, Wesch D, Kabelitz D. gammadelta T cells in cancer immunotherapy: current status and future prospects. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:663-78. [PMID: 20635991 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
gammadelta T lymphocytes are a distinct T-cell subset that display unique features with respect to T-cell receptor (TCR) gene usage, tissue tropism and antigen recognition. Phosphoantigens contributed by a dysregulated mevalonate pathway or the bacterial nonmevalonate pathway and aminobisphosphonates are capable of activating Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. With the aid of synthetic phosphoantigens, large-scale expansion of gammadelta T cells and their adoptive transfer into human hosts is now possible. The present review summarizes triumphs and tribulations of clinical trials using gammadelta T-cell immunotherapy. Adoptive transfer of phosphoantigen-activated gammadelta T cells or coadministration with aminobisphosphonates/cytokines/monoclonal antibodies appear to be promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy. It can be predicted that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions of this unique T-cell subset with other key immune regulators (dendritic cells and regulatory T cells) will provide an impetus to bring this modality of treatment from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, Maharashtra, India.
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Kondo M, Sakuta K, Noguchi A, Ariyoshi N, Sato K, Sato S, Sato K, Hosoi A, Nakajima J, Yoshida Y, Shiraishi K, Nakagawa K, Kakimi K. Zoledronate facilitates large-scale ex vivo expansion of functional gammadelta T cells from cancer patients for use in adoptive immunotherapy. Cytotherapy 2009; 10:842-56. [PMID: 19016372 DOI: 10.1080/14653240802419328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human gammadelta T cells can be activated by phospho-antigens and aminobisphosphonates such as zoledronate. Because they can kill tumor cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner, adoptive transfer of activated gammadelta T cells may represent a novel cancer immunotherapy. We tested whether gammadelta T cells from advanced cancer patients can be expanded by zoledronate. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, bone metastatic breast or prostate cancer, or lung metastatic colorectal cancer, were stimulated with zoledronate (5 microM) and interleukin (IL)-2 (1000 IU/mL) for 14 days. The phenotype and function of the expanded gammadelta T-cell populations from healthy donors and cancer patients were compared. RESULTS Gammadelta T cells from cancer patients and healthy donors responded to zoledronate equally well in terms of both phenotype and function. gammadelta T cells grew rapidly in vitro and expression of effector molecules, such as interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, perforin, granzyme B, FasL and TRAIL, increased over time. Cytotoxicity peaked on days 12-14, and proliferation continued up to 14 days, during which time>1x10(9) gammadelta T cells could be obtained from a starting sample of 45-70 mL peripheral blood. DISCUSSION Using the agent zoledronate, already widely used in the clinic, we have established that efficient large-scale ex vivo expansion of gammadelta T cells from cancer patients is possible. These cells exert potent cytotoxicity and may be used for autologous cellular immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kondo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics (Medinet), University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Nicolini A, Carpi A. Immune manipulation of advanced breast cancer: an interpretative model of the relationship between immune system and tumor cell biology. Med Res Rev 2009; 29:436-71. [PMID: 19105214 DOI: 10.1002/med.20143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes some recent clinical immunological approaches with cytokines and/or antibodies for therapy of advanced breast cancer. It considers the recent advances in genetics and molecular tumor biology related to impaired immunosurveillance involving cytokines and growth factors to explain clinical results. Evasion of the host immune attack might be induced by the following groups of mechanisms: (a) tumor dependent (genomic instability, HLA class I antigen abnormalities, upregulation of fetal type nonclassical HLA class I molecules, epitope immunodominance, apoptosis inhibition by defective death receptor signaling, apoptosis of activated T cells, tumor cannibalism and constitutive activation of signal transducer, and activator of transcription-3 (Stat 3) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling); (b) host dependent (CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg), CD4+ T cells anergy, Th2 antitumor immunity diversion and myeloid suppressor cells); (c) tumor and host dependent (lack of co-stimulation molecules, immunosuppressive cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-10, prostaglandin (PG)E2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta)). Cytokines and growth factors are involved in virtually all three types of mechanisms. These mechanisms are integrated with the current knowledge of tumor growth and inhibited apoptosis primarily mediated by cytokines and growth factors to propose an interpretation of the relationships among tumor cells, tumor stroma, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Tumor growth, defective immunorecognition and immunosuppression are the three principal effects considered responsible for immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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