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Saadh MJ, Pallathadka H, Abed HS, Menon SV, Sivaprasad GV, Hjazi A, Rizaev J, Suri S, Jawad MA, Husseen B. Detailed role of SR-A1 and SR-E3 in tumor biology, progression, and therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01350-5. [PMID: 38884861 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The first host defense systems are the innate immune response and the inflammatory response. Among innate immune cells, macrophages, are crucial because they preserve tissue homeostasis and eradicate infections by phagocytosis, or the ingestion of particles. Macrophages exhibit phenotypic variability contingent on their stimulation state and tissue environment and may be detected in several tissues. Meanwhile, critical inflammatory functions are played by macrophage scavenger receptors, in particular, SR-A1 (CD204) and SR-E3 (CD206), in a variety of pathophysiologic events. Such receptors, which are mainly found on the surface of multiple types of macrophages, have different effects on processes, including atherosclerosis, innate and adaptive immunity, liver and lung diseases, and, more recently, cancer. Although macrophage scavenger receptors have been demonstrated to be active across the disease spectrum, conflicting experimental findings and insufficient signaling pathways have hindered our comprehension of the molecular processes underlying its array of roles. Herein, as SR-A1 and SR-E3 functions are often binary, either protecting the host or impairing the pathophysiology of cancers has been reviewed. We will look into their function in malignancies, with an emphasis on their recently discovered function in macrophages and the possible therapeutic benefits of SR-A1 and SR-E3 targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | | | - Hussein Salim Abed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - G V Sivaprasad
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasur Rizaev
- Department of Public health and Healthcare management, Rector, Samarkand State Medical University, 18, Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Sahil Suri
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140417, Punjab, India
| | | | - Beneen Husseen
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
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2
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Li K, Nie H, Jin R, Wu X. Mesenchymal stem cells-macrophages crosstalk and myeloid malignancy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397005. [PMID: 38779660 PMCID: PMC11109455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As major components of the tumor microenvironment, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages can be remodelled and exhibit different phenotypes and functions during tumor initiation and progression. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of hematological malignancies, and are associated with poor prognosis. Consequently, TAMs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Notably, MSCs exert a profound influence on modulating immune cell functions such as macrophages and granulocytes, thereby playing a crucial role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding tumors. However, in hematological malignancies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of TAMs in various common hematological malignancies, and discuss the latest advances in understanding the interaction between MSCs and macrophages in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic approaches targeting this relationship are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Nie
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Wang Y, Barrett A, Hu Q. Targeting Macrophages for Tumor Therapy. AAPS J 2023; 25:80. [PMID: 37589825 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, as one of the most abundant tumor-infiltrating cells, play an important role in tumor development and metastasis. The frequency and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) correlate with disease progression, tumor metastasis, and resistance to various treatments. Pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages hold the potential to engulf tumor cells. In contrast, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which are predominantly present in tumors, potentiate tumor progression and immune escape. Targeting macrophages to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment can ameliorate the tumor-associated immunosuppression and elicit an anti-tumor immune response. Strategies to repolarize TAMs, deplete TAMs, and block inhibitory signaling hold great potential in tumor therapy. Besides, biomimetic carriers based on macrophages have been extensively explored to prolong circulation, enhance tumor-targeted delivery, and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutics to augment therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the genetic engineering of macrophages with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) allows them to recognize tumor antigens and perform tumor cell-specific phagocytosis. These strategies will expand the toolkit for treating tumors, especially for solid tumors, drug-resistant tumors, and metastatic tumors. Herein, we introduce the role of macrophages in tumor progression, summarize the recent advances in macrophage-centered anticancer therapy, and discuss their challenges as well as future applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A
| | - Allie Barrett
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A..
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A..
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, I 53705, Madison, U.S.A..
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4
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Khalili S, Zeinali F, Moghadam Fard A, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour Naghibi A, Bagheri K, Shariat Zadeh M, Eslami Y, Fattah K, Asadimanesh N, Azarimatin A, Khalesi B, Almasi F, Payandeh Z. Macrophage-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3722. [PMID: 37509382 PMCID: PMC10378576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are types of immune cells, with ambivalent functions in tumor growth, which depend on the specific environment in which they reside. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a diverse population of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that play significant roles in several malignancies. TAM infiltration in malignancies has been linked to a poor prognosis and limited response to treatments, including those using checkpoint inhibitors. Understanding the precise mechanisms through which macrophages contribute to tumor growth is an active area of research as targeting these cells may offer potential therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Numerous investigations have focused on anti-TAM-based methods that try to eliminate, rewire, or target the functional mediators released by these cells. Considering the importance of these strategies in the reversion of tumor resistance to conventional therapies and immune modulatory vaccination could be an appealing approach for the immunosuppressive targeting of myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The combination of reprogramming and TAM depletion is a special feature of this approach compared to other clinical strategies. Thus, the present review aims to comprehensively overview the pleiotropic activities of TAMs and their involvement in various stages of cancer development as a potent drug target, with a focus on hematologic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khalili
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zeinali
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Atousa Moghadam Fard
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 4188783417, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Kimia Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 4717641367, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Shariat Zadeh
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran
| | - Yeghaneh Eslami
- Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran
| | - Khashayar Fattah
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Asadimanesh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717411, Iran
| | - Armin Azarimatin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar 5381637181, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj 3197619751, Iran
| | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Xie Y, Yang H, Yang C, He L, Zhang X, Peng L, Zhu H, Gao L. Role and Mechanisms of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933666. [PMID: 35875135 PMCID: PMC9301190 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has revealed that many nontumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and leukocytes, are strongly involved in tumor progression. In hematological malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to be an important component that promotes tumor growth and can be polarized into different phenotypes with protumor or antitumor roles. This Review emphasizes research related to the role and mechanisms of TAMs in hematological malignancies. TAMs lead to poor prognosis by influencing tumor progression at the molecular level, including nurturing cancer stem cells and laying the foundation for metastasis. Although detailed molecular mechanisms have not been clarified, TAMs may be a new therapeutic target in hematological disease treatment.
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6
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Xie Y, Jia Y, Li Z, Hu F. Scavenger receptor A in immunity and autoimmune diseases: Compelling evidence for targeted therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:461-477. [PMID: 35510370 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2072729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scavenger receptor A (SR-A) is reported to be involved in innate and adaptive immunity and in recent years, the soluble form of SR-A has also been identified. Intriguingly, SR-A displays double-edged sword features in different diseases. Moreover, targeted therapy on SR-A, including genetic modulation, small molecule inhibitor, inhibitory peptides, fucoidan, and blocking antibodies, provides potential strategies for treatment. Currently, therapeutics targeting SR-A are in preclinical studies and clinical trials, revealing great perspectives in future immunotherapy. AREAS COVERED Through searching PubMed (January 1979-March 2022) and clinicaltrials.gov, we review most of the research and clinical trials involving SR-A. This review briefly summarizes recent study advances on SR-A, with particular concern on its role in immunity and autoimmune diseases. EXPERT OPINION Given the emerging evidence of SR-A in immunity, its targeted therapy has been studied in various diseases, especially autoimmune diseases. However, many challenges still remain to be overcome, such as the double-sworded effects and the specific isoform targeting. For further clinical success of SR-A targeted therapy, the crystal structure illustration and the dual function discrimination of SR-A should be further investigated. Nevertheless, although challenging, targeting SR-A would be a potential effective strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and other immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, Peking, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, Peking, China
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7
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Cencini E, Fabbri A, Sicuranza A, Gozzetti A, Bocchia M. The Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143597. [PMID: 34298810 PMCID: PMC8304632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a leading component of the tumor microenvironment in hematologic malignancies. TAM could display antitumor activity or, conversely, could contribute to tumor growth and survival, depending on their polarization. TAM are polarized towards form M1, with a pro-inflammatory phenotype and an antineoplastic activity, or M2, with an alternately activated phenotype, associated with a poor outcome in patients presenting with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. The molecular mechanisms of TAM in different types of hematologic malignancies are different due to the peculiar microenvironment of each disease. TAM could contribute to tumor progression, reduced apoptosis and angiogenesis; a different TAM polarization could explain a reduced treatment response in patients with a similar disease subtype. The aim of our review is to better define the role of TAM in patients with leukemia, lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Finally, we would like to focus on TAM as a possible target for antineoplastic therapy. Abstract The tumor microenvironment includes dendritic cells, T-cytotoxic, T-helper, reactive B-lymphoid cells and macrophages; these reactive cells could interplay with malignant cells and promote tumor growth and survival. Among its cellular components, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) represent a component of the innate immune system and play an important role, especially in hematologic malignancies. Depending on the stimuli that trigger their activation, TAM are polarized towards form M1, contributing to antitumor responses, or M2, associated with tumor progression. Many studies demonstrated a correlation between TAM, disease progression and the patient’s outcome in lymphoproliferative neoplasms, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), even if with conflicting results. A critical hurdle to overcome is surely represented by the heterogeneity in the choice of the optimal markers and methods used for TAM analysis (gene-expression profile vs. immunohistochemistry, CD163vs. CD68vs. CD163/CD68 double-positive cells). TAM have been recently linked to the development and progression of multiple myeloma and leukemia, with a critical role in the homing of malignant cells, drug resistance, immune suppression and angiogenesis. As such, this review will summarize the role of TAM in different hematologic malignancies, focusing on the complex interplay between TAM and tumor cells, the prognostic value of TAM and the possible TAM-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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8
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Post GR, Yuan Y, Holthoff ER, Quick CM, Post SR. Identification of a novel monocytic phenotype in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma tumor microenvironment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224621. [PMID: 31714922 PMCID: PMC6850552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) characteristically shows few malignant cells in a microenvironment comprised of mixed inflammatory cells. Although CHL is associated with a high cure rate, recent studies have associated poor prognosis with absolute monocyte count in peripheral blood and increased monocyte/macrophages in involved lymph nodes. Thus, the role of monocytic infiltration and macrophage differentiation in the tumor microenvironment of CHL may be more relevant than absolute macrophage numbers to defining prognosis in CHL patients and potentially have therapeutic implications. Most studies identify tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using markers (e.g., CD68) expressed by macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytes, such as monocytes. In contrast, Class A Scavenger Receptor (SR-A/CD204) is expressed by tissue macrophages but not monocytic precursors. In this study, we examined SR-A expression in CHL (n = 43), and compared its expression with that of other macrophage markers. We confirmed a high prevalence of mononuclear cells that stained with CD68, CD163, and CD14 in CHL lymph nodes. However, SR-A protein expression determined by immunohistochemistry was limited to macrophages localized in sclerotic bands characteristic of nodular sclerosis CHL. In contrast, SR-A protein was readily detectable in lymph nodes with metastatic tumor, extra-nodal CHL, T cell/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma, and resident macrophages in non-malignant tissues, including spleen, lymph node, liver and lung. The results of SR-A protein expression paralleled the expression of SR-A mRNA determined by quantitative RT-PCR. These data provide evidence that tumor-infiltrating monocyte/macrophages in CHL have a unique phenotype that likely depends on the microenvironment of nodal CHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginell R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Youzhong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Emily R. Holthoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Charles M. Quick
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Post
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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CD206 + tumor-associated macrophages promote proliferation and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma via EGF production. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14611. [PMID: 31601953 PMCID: PMC6787225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor progression and inhibit anti-tumor immune response by producing various mediators and preferentially express CD163, CD204, and CD206. However, the role of these TAM subsets in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression and function of TAM subsets in OSCC, especially in cancer cell proliferation. Biopsy sample from 44 patients with OSCC were examined for the expression of TAM markers and EGF by immunohistochemistry. EGF production of TAM subsets isolated from OSCC patients was assessed by flow cytometry. We also examined the effect of conditioned medium from TAM subsets on the proliferation of OSCC cells. CD163+ cells were detected diffusely all over the tumor and connective tissue area, while CD204+ and CD206+ cells were mainly detected in/around the tumors. Flow cytometric analysis found that CD206+ TAMs strongly produced EGF compared with CD163+ and CD204+ TAMs. Cell proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells cultured with conditioned medium of CD206+ TAMs were strongly enhanced and inhibited by anti-EGFR. The number of CD206+ TAMs positively correlated with worse clinical prognosis. Our results revealed differences in localization and EGF production among these TAM subsets. CD206+ TAMs might play a critical role in the proliferation of OSCC via EGF production.
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10
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Kawajiri A, Kitano S, Maeshima AM, Inamoto Y, Tajima K, Takemura T, Tanaka T, Ito A, Okinaka K, Kurosawa S, Kim SW, Taniguchi H, Ogawa C, Izutsu K, Yamamoto N, Fukuda T. Association of CD204 + macrophages with poor outcomes of malignant lymphomas not in remission treated by allogeneic HCT. Eur J Haematol 2019; 103:578-587. [PMID: 31487403 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD204+ tumor-associated macrophages are associated with adverse outcomes of various malignancies. We performed a study to elucidate the role of CD204+ macrophages in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allogeneic HCT). METHODS In a total of 81 patients who received allogeneic HCT for non-remission malignant lymphoma, immunohistochemical staining of CD204 using specimens preserved before allogeneic HCT was performed. According to the average number of CD204+ macrophages in a high-power field, patients were categorized into three groups: low (<25th percentile), intermediate (≥25th percentile and <50th percentile), and high (≥50th percentile). RESULTS The B-cell lymphoma proportion was higher in the low group, while T-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia proportions were higher in the high group. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was poorest in the high group; low vs intermediate vs high = 83.3% vs 43.7% vs 20.2% (P < .01). The 3-year cumulative incidences of relapse were significantly higher in the high group than the intermediate and low groups: 67.0% vs 38.1% vs 18.2% (P < .01). In multivariate analyses, the numbers of CD204+ macrophages were independent risk factors of poorer OS and cumulative incidences of relapse. CONCLUSIONS CD204+ macrophages might be associated with poorer prognosis in allogeneic HCT for malignant lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kawajiri
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Miyagi Maeshima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinuko Tajima
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonari Takemura
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Ito
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Okinaka
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saiko Kurosawa
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Yamamoto
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Preparation of fibrin hydrogels to promote the recruitment of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:152-165. [PMID: 30862554 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in regulating inflammation and tissue regeneration. In the present study, uniform fibrin hydrogel scaffolds were engineered in millimeters. These scaffolds induced anti-inflammatory macrophages to digest and infiltrate the scaffold. The culture conditions of the fibrin hydrogels decreased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and increased the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. Similar results were also observed in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). In addition, most of cells that infiltrated the fibrin hydrogels were macrophages expressing CD163, CD204, and CD206, which are anti-inflammatory macrophages markers, both in mice and in human cells. Therefore, to induce increased macrophage infiltration, we attempted to combine fibrin hydrogels with SEW2871, a monocyte/macrophage recruitment agent that is known to be a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 agonist, solubilized in water by micelle formation with a cholesterol-grafted gelatin. However, the fibrin hydrogels alone retained the same monocyte migration activity as the hydrogels with SEW2871-incorporated micelles in the hydrogel-bearing mouse model. These findings indicate that fibrin hydrogels have a strong promoting effect on the recruitment of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, fibrin hydrogels may be an optimal biomaterial in the design of medicines for macrophage-induced regenerative therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response to tissue injury is important for determining the speed and the result of the regeneration. Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) resolve inflammatory response and promote tissue repair by producing anti-inflammatory factors. Promoting the recruitment of macrophages is a hopeful strategy in the design of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. In the present study, we combined the fibrin hydrogel, which promotes anti-inflammatory polarization, with a macrophage recruitment agent. We revealed that the fibrin hydrogel significantly promoted anti-inflammatory polarization in mouse in vivo and human in vitro. Moreover, macrophages significantly infiltrated into the fibrin hydrogel regardless of the agent combination. Fibrin hydrogels may become a reliable biomaterial for tissue regeneration, and the present study is believed to provide information for many researchers.
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12
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Barnard ME, Hecht JL, Rice MS, Gupta M, Harris HR, Eliassen AH, Rosner BA, Terry KL, Tworoger SS. Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use and Ovarian Cancer Risk by COX1/COX2 Expression and Infiltration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1509-1517. [PMID: 30377203 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may affect ovarian cancer risk via prostaglandin synthesis and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. We evaluated if associations between aspirin or non-aspirin NSAID use and ovarian cancer risk differed by tumor expression of prostaglandin-related (COX1, COX2) and TAM-related (CD68, CD163) markers. METHODS We evaluated cases and matched controls from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and New England Case-Control Study (NECC). Cases with IHC data on COX1 and COX2 (n = 532) or CD68 and CD163 (n = 530) were included. We used polytomous logistic regression, adjusted for ovarian cancer risk factors, to estimate OR for NSAID use and ovarian cancer risk by marker level. RESULTS Recent aspirin use had a nonsignificant inverse association and recent non-aspirin NSAID use had no association with ovarian cancer risk. NSAID use was not differentially associated with ovarian cancer by COX1 or COX2 expression. However, recent aspirin use was associated with lower ovarian cancer risk for high [OR 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37-0.78], but not low (OR 1.50; 95% CI, 0.97-2.31), CD163 density (P heterogeneity < 0.001). Similar results were observed for aspirin duration and tablets and for recent non-aspirin NSAID use. Results were not clearly different by macrophage density defined by the less specific macrophage marker, CD68. CONCLUSIONS NSAID use was inversely associated with risk of ovarian cancer with high density CD163, a marker for M2-type, immunosuppressive macrophages. However, the relationship did not differ by prostaglandin synthesis markers. IMPACT Future research should explore prostaglandin-independent mechanisms for the association between NSAID use and ovarian cancer risk, including immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie E Barnard
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jonathan L Hecht
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Megan S Rice
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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13
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Ma C, Horlad H, Pan C, Yano H, Ohnishi K, Fujiwara Y, Matsuoka M, Lee A, Niidome T, Yamanaka R, Takeya M, Komohara Y. Stat3 inhibitor abrogates the expression of PD-1 ligands on lymphoma cell lines. J Clin Exp Hematop 2017; 57:21-25. [PMID: 28496056 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated the significance of immune checkpoint molecules including programmed death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4, and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 for anti-tumor immune responses. We previously investigated PD-1 ligand 1/2 (PD-L1/2) expression in lymphoma cell lines, and found that PD-L1/2 is expressed on the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL-T) and B-cell lymphoma (SLVL) cell lines. In the present study, we investigated whether the Stat3 inhibitor WP1066 abrogated PD-L1/2 expression in lymphoma cell lines. Incubation with WP1066 inhibited lymphoma cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. PD-L1/2 expression in the ATL-T, SLVL, and human brain malignant lymphoma (HKBML) cell lines was significantly abrogated by WP1066 treatment. These data indicated that a Stat3 inhibitor abrogated PD-L1/2 expression in lymphoma cells. Such an inhibitor is therefore considered to be useful for additional immunotherapy in patients with advanced lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoya Ma
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hasita Horlad
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Cheng Pan
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hiromu Yano
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Koji Ohnishi
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yukio Fujiwara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University.,Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University
| | - Aeju Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University.,Magnesium Research Center, Kumamoto University
| | - Takuro Niidome
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University
| | - Ryuya Yamanaka
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School for Health Care Science
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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14
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Assessment of the Number and Phenotype of Macrophages in the Human BMB Samples of CML. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8086398. [PMID: 27999815 PMCID: PMC5143699 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8086398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as a key player in tumor biology. However, their number and phenotype in human bone marrow of biopsy (BMB) samples of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and their association with disease progression from an initial chronic phase (CP) to accelerated phase (AP) to advanced blast phase (BP) are still unclear. BMB samples from 127 CML patients and 30 patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) as control group were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of CD68, CD163, and CD206 in BMB samples of CML patients were significantly higher than those in the patients of control group (P < 0.01), and we observed that their positive expression was gradually elevated during the transformation of CML-CP to AP to BP (P < 0.01). However, the expressions of CD68, CD163, and CD206 in released group were downregulated and contrasted to these in control group; there exists statistical significance (P < 0.01). The percentage ratio of CD163 and CD206 to CD68 was pronounced to be increasing from CML-CP to AP to BP (P < 0.01). Hence, the higher proportion of CD68+, CD163+ and CD206+ macrophages in BMB samples can be considered a key factor for disease progression of CML patients. Targeting macrophages, especially the M2 phenotype may help in designing therapeutic strategies for CML.
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15
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Shen L, Li H, Shi Y, Wang D, Gong J, Xun J, Zhou S, Xiang R, Tan X. M2 tumour-associated macrophages contribute to tumour progression via legumain remodelling the extracellular matrix in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30347. [PMID: 27464733 PMCID: PMC4964568 DOI: 10.1038/srep30347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of M2 tumour-associated macrophages on the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still controversial. Our data showed that the number of CD163-positive M2 macrophages correlated negatively with DLBCL prognosis. Macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes significantly suppressed tumour growth in a xenograft mouse model of DLBCL using OCI-Ly3 cells. Moreover, M2 polarization of macrophages induced legumain expression in U937 cells. Exogenous legumain promoted degradation of fibronectin and collagen I, which was abolished by administration of a legumain inhibitor RR-11a. Overexpression of legumain in Raw 264.7 cells also induced tube formation of endothelial cells in matrigel. In the xenograft mouse model of DLBCL, decreased fibronectin and collagen I, as well as increased legumain expression and angiogenesis were found at the late stage tumours compared with early stage tumours. Co-localization of legumain and fibronectin was observed in the extracellular matrix of tumour tissues. Administration of the legumain inhibitor to the xenograft DLBCL model suppressed tumour growth, angiogenesis and collagen deposition compared with the control. Taken together, our results suggest that M2 tumour-associated macrophages affect degradation of the extracellular matrix and angiogenesis via overexpression of legumain, and therefore play an active role in the progression of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Honghao Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuzhi Shi
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dekun Wang
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency in Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Xun
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sifan Zhou
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyue Tan
- Department of Pathology Medical School of Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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16
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Takeya M, Komohara Y. Role of tumor-associated macrophages in human malignancies: friend or foe? Pathol Int 2016; 66:491-505. [PMID: 27444136 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in tumor growth in human malignancies. Published studies have analyzed the relationship between TAM infiltration and the prognosis of patients for many human tumors. Most studies reported a positive correlation between TAM density and a poor prognosis. Studies focusing on macrophage phenotypes emphasized the protumor role of M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages in many types of human tumors. However, TAMs influence tumor progression in various ways that depend on differences in tumor sites, histology, and microenvironments. In this review, we summarize the function of TAMs in various human malignancies by reviewing the data provided in studies of TAMs in human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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17
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Komohara Y, Fujiwara Y, Ohnishi K, Takeya M. Tumor-associated macrophages: Potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:180-185. [PMID: 26621196 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The macrophage is known to be a multifunctional antigen presenting cells and playing a central role in inflammation. Macrophages infiltrate into malignant tumor tissues in high numbers (the so-called tumor-associated macrophages [TAMs]) and many studies over the past decade have demonstrated that macrophages have protumor functions and are closely related to tumor progression. It has been shown that protumor macrophages that have differentiated through interaction with tumor cells are involved in stem cell niches, immunosuppression, invasion, and metastasis. Consistent with these functions, studies using human tumor samples have demonstrated that a higher density of macrophages, especially macrophages with the M2 phenotype, is closely associated with worse clinical prognosis in many kinds of malignant tumors. Infiltrating TAMs themselves or polarization pathway of TAMs are considered as new therapeutic targets for the therapy of malignant tumors.
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18
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Abstract
Scavenger receptors constitute a large family of evolutionally conserved protein molecules that are structurally and functionally diverse. Although scavenger receptors were originally identified based on their capacity to scavenge modified lipoproteins, these molecules have been shown to recognize and bind to a broad spectrum of ligands, including modified and unmodified host-derived molecules or microbial components. As a major subset of innate pattern recognition receptors, scavenger receptors are mainly expressed on myeloid cells and function in a wide range of biological processes, such as endocytosis, adhesion, lipid transport, antigen presentation, and pathogen clearance. In addition to playing a crucial role in maintenance of host homeostasis, scavenger receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, e.g., atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, or metabolic disorders. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal these receptor molecules as important regulators of tumor behavior and host immune responses to cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding on the newly identified, distinct functions of scavenger receptors in cancer biology and immunology. The potential of scavenger receptors as diagnostic biomarkers and novel targets for therapeutic interventions to treat malignancies is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Yu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA.
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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19
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Komohara Y, Niino D, Ohnishi K, Ohshima K, Takeya M. Role of tumor-associated macrophages in hematological malignancies. Pathol Int 2015; 65:170-6. [PMID: 25707506 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment consists of many non-tumor cells such as leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and phenotypic changes in a tumor microenvironment are believed to be involved in tumor progression and resistance to anticancer treatments. In hematological malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that have infiltrated lymphoma or leukemia tissues may be involved in tumor progression, and many researchers have studied phenotypic changes in TAMs. This review article summarizes the publications related to TAMs in hematological malignancies, with an emphasis on CD163(+) protumoral TAMs, which seem to be associated with disease progression. Cell-cell interactions between protumoral TAMs and lymphoma or leukemia cells may play an important role in lymphoma or leukemia microenvironments. Although detailed molecular mechanisms of these cell-cell interactions have not yet been clarified, phenotypic characterization of TAMs is thought to be a useful approach for evaluating clinical prognosis. In addition, targeting TAMs may be a new strategy for treating malignant hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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