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Saify K, Khalighinasab MR, Saadat M. No association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to opium sap dependence. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 5:59-64. [PMID: 27844021 PMCID: PMC5019334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; EC: 2.5.1.18) are a ubiquitous family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes. Genes encoding GSTM1 (OMIM: 138350), and GSTT1 (OMIM: 600436) are members of class mu and theta, respectively. The most common polymorphism in the GSTM1 is a deletion of the whole GSTM1 gene with a lack of enzyme activity. A homozygous deletion in the GSTT1 has also been reported (null genotypes of GSTT1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and risk of dependency to opium sap. The present study was performed in Shiraz (southern Iran). In total, 71 males dependent to opium sap and 590 healthy males (as a control group) were included in this study. The genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined by PCR. Our data indicate that neither GSTM1 (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.47-1.27, P=0.325) nor GSTT1 (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.70-2.21, P=0.442) null genotypes significantly associated with the risk of opium sap dependence. There is no additive effect of the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 in relation to the risk of dependency to opium sap. The present study indicated that the null genotypes of GSTT1 and GSTM1 are not risk factor for opium sap dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mostafa Saadat
- Address for correspondence: Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran ,Tel: +98-71-36137432, Fax: +98-71-32280916, E. mail: ,
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Crotty Alexander LE, Vyas A, Schraufnagel DE, Malhotra A. Electronic cigarettes: the new face of nicotine delivery and addiction. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E248-51. [PMID: 26380791 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.07.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- 1 Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA ; 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA ; 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anuja Vyas
- 1 Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA ; 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA ; 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dean E Schraufnagel
- 1 Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA ; 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA ; 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- 1 Pulmonary Critical Care Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA ; 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego, CA, USA ; 3 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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