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Alzaabi MA, Abdelsalam A, Alhammadi M, Bani Hani H, Almheiri A, Al Matrooshi N, Al Zaman K. Evaluating Biomarkers as Tools for Early Detection and Prognosis of Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Card Fail Rev 2024; 10:e06. [PMID: 38915376 PMCID: PMC11194781 DOI: 10.15420/cfr.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of heart failure (HF) worldwide, which has significant consequences for healthcare costs, patient death and quality of life. Therefore, there has been much focus on finding and using biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of HF. This overview of the research presents a thorough examination of the current state of HF biomarkers and their many uses. Their function in diagnosing HF, gauging its severity and monitoring its response to therapy are all discussed. Particularly promising in HF diagnosis and risk stratification are the cardiac-specific biomarkers, B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Markers of oxidative stress, extracellular matrix, renal function, inflammation and cardiac peptides have shown promise in evaluating HF severity and prognosis. MicroRNAs and insulin-like growth factor are two emerging biomarkers that have shown potential in helping with HF diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moza A Alzaabi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amin Abdelsalam
- Department of Cardiology, Al Qassemi HospitalSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Majid Alhammadi
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Bani Hani
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Almheiri
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadya Al Matrooshi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Al Zaman
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates
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2
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Baccouche BM, Rhodenhiser E. Galectin-3 and HFpEF: Clarifying an Emerging Relationship. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:19-26. [PMID: 36959138 PMCID: PMC10518880 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230320165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HFpEF is one of the leading causes of death whose burden is estimated to expand in the coming decades. This paper examines the relationship between circulating levels of galectin-3, an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the clinical diagnosis of HFpEF. METHODS The authors reviewed peer-reviewed literature and 18 studies met the inclusion criteria. Study characteristics, study outcome definitions, assay characteristics, main findings, and measures of association were tabulated and summarized. RESULTS Five studies found significant associations between galectin-3 and HFpEF diagnosis compared to healthy controls, and one did not. Five studies found significant associations between galectin- 3 concentration in circulation and severity of diastolic dysfunction. Three studies found a statistically significant association between circulating galectin-3 and all-cause mortality or rehospitalization. Two studies found levels of circulating galectin-3 to be a statistically significant predictor of later HFpEF onset. Finally, two studies examined whether galectin-3 was associated with incident HFpEF, one found a significant association and the other did not. CONCLUSION Given the paucity of effective therapeutics for HFpEF, galectin-3 shows promise as a possible HFpEF-linked biomarker that may, with further study, inform and predict treatment course to reduce morbidity and mortality.
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4
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Jiang J, Yang B, Sun Y, Jin J, Zhao Z, Chen S. Diagnostic Value of Serum Concentration of Galectin-3 in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:829151. [PMID: 35141299 PMCID: PMC8818801 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.829151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the predictive value of galectin-3 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction has been demonstrated, the diagnostic value remains unclear. The present study was performed to address this issue. HYPOTHESIS Galectin-3 has diagnostic value for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS This is a diagnostic experiment. We conducted an observational study of 223 patients with combined symptoms of heart failure and diseases that can lead to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Patients were grouped into the heart failure group and control group in accordance with the 2016 European Society of Cardiology heart failure guidelines for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Baseline information and serum galectin-3 concentration were assessed within 24 h after admission. RESULTS Serum galectin-3 concentration was significantly higher in the heart failure group compared with the control group. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that higher galectin-3 concentration was associated with the occurrence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The area under the curve of galectin-3 was 0.763, indicating that galectin-3 has moderate diagnostic value for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Galectin-3 >15.974 ng/mL identified heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with 76.0% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity. CONCLUSIONS There was a correlation between galectin-3 and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and galectin-3 was an independent predictor of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The diagnostic value of galectin-3 for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was moderate (AUC: 0.763, 95% CI: 0.696-0.821, P < 0.01, and the sensitivity is 76.0% while the specificity is 71.9% at the threshold 15.974 ng/mL) and was higher than that of interventricular septal thickness or E/A ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Songming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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5
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Ianoș RD, Pop C, Iancu M, Rahaian R, Cozma A, Procopciuc LM. Diagnostic Performance of Serum Biomarkers Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Galectin-3 and Copeptin for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in a Sample of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1577. [PMID: 34573919 PMCID: PMC8470703 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
More than half of the patients with heart failure have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), however evidence shows a mortality rate comparable to those with reduced ejection fraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FGF21, galectin-3 and copeptin can be used as biomarkers to identify HFpEF in patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Sixty-nine diabetic patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: patients with HFpEF (n = 40) and those without HFpEF (n = 29). The ability of the studied biomarkers to discriminate HFpEF cases from non-HFpEF subjects were evaluated by the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and the 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to patients without heart failure, those with HFpEF had significantly higher levels of FGF21 (mean 146.79 pg/mL vs. 298.98 pg/mL). The AUC value of FGF21 was 0.88, 95% CI: [0.80, 0.96], Se = 85% [70.2, 94.3], Sp = 79.3% [60.3, 92.0], at an optimal cut-off value of 217.40 pg/mL. There was no statistical significance associated with galectin-3 and copeptin between patient cohorts. In conclusion, galectin-3 and copeptin levels were not effective for detecting HFpEF, while FGF21 is a promising biomarker for diagnosing HFpEF in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca D. Ianoș
- Department of Cardiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency County Hospital, 430031 Baia Mare, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine Arad, “Vasile Goldis” Western University, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Rahaian
- Department of Immunology, Emergency County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Lucia M. Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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6
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Trippel TD, Mende M, Düngen HD, Hashemi D, Petutschnigg J, Nolte K, Herrmann-Lingen C, Binder L, Hasenfuss G, Pieske B, Wachter R, Edelmann F. The diagnostic and prognostic value of galectin-3 in patients at risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results from the DIAST-CHF study. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:829-841. [PMID: 33566456 PMCID: PMC8006663 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) predicts long‐term outcome among patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The ability of Gal‐3 to diagnose and predict incident HFpEF in a cohort at risk for HFpEF is of particular interest. We aimed to determine the association between Gal‐3 and clinical manifestations of HFpEF, the relationship between Gal‐3 and all‐cause mortality, or the composite of cardiovascular hospitalization and death. Methods and results The observational Diast‐CHF study included patients aged 50 to 85 years with ≥1 risk factor for HF (e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerotic disease) or previously suspected HF. Patients were followed for 10 years. The association between Gal‐3, evidence of diastolic dysfunction, and Framingham criteria for HF was examined. All deaths and hospitalizations were adjudicated as cardiovascular or non‐cardiovascular. The analysis population was composed of 1386 subjects (67 years old, 50.9% female). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to diagnose HFpEF was 0.71. At a cut‐off value of 13.57 ng/mL, sensitivity was 0.61 and specificity was 0.73 for Gal‐3, and the diagnostic power to detect HFpEF was superior to N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.59, P > 0.001). Baseline Gal‐3 was associated with risk factors for HF (P < 0.001). Higher levels of Gal‐3 predicted incident HFpEF (P < 0.05), adjusted all‐cause mortality (P < 0.001), and the adjusted composite of cardiovascular hospitalization and death (P < 0.001), both independent from N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide. Conclusions Gal‐3 differentiated patients with HFpEF from an overall cohort of well‐characterized patients with risk factors for HFpEF. Independent of other factors, baseline Gal‐3 levels were associated with a higher risk for incident HFpEF, mortality, or the composite of cardiovascular hospitalization and death over 10 year follow‐up. In conjunction with clinical parameters, Gal‐3 adds a statistically significant value for the diagnosis of HFpEF within this study, yet the clinical relevance remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Daniel Trippel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meinhard Mende
- Clinical Trial Centre (KKS) and Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Dirk Düngen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Djawid Hashemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Petutschnigg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Nolte
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Center), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Herrmann-Lingen
- DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Center), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Binder
- DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Center), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Center), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Wachter
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Center), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Clinic and Policlinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank Edelmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Kanukurti J, Mohammed N, Sreedevi NN, Khan SA, Baba KSSS, Bhaskar MV, Satish OS, Naushad SM, Mohan IK. Evaluation of Galectin-3 as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Lab Physicians 2020; 12:126-132. [PMID: 32905127 PMCID: PMC7466549 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Heart failure is a complex cardiovascular disease with a variety of etiologies and heterogeneity. The N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) value has limited usefulness in diagnosing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Aim
The aim of the present study is to evaluate serum Galectin-3 as a diagnostic biomarker in patients with HFpEF and to compare Galectin-3 with NT-proBNP levels.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional case–control study including 63 cases of heart failure with ejection fraction ≥50% confirmed by echocardiography. NT-proBNP levels in serum were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and Galectin-3 levels in serum were measured by using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay kit.
Results
The median levels of serum Galectin-3 and NT-proBNP in patients were significantly higher than those of controls (26.59 vs. 5.27 and 927 vs. 49.3,
p
< 0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between serum levels of Galection-3 and NT-ProBNP (
r
: 0.21,
p
= 0.048). At cut-off values of 10.1 ng/mL and 160 pg/mL, serum Galectin-3 has 77.78% sensitivity, 95% specificity with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93, and serum NT-proBNP has 71.43% sensitivity, 100% specificity with an AUC of 0.87, respectively, for diagnosing HFpEF. The comparison of receiver operating characteristics curves showed that Galectin-3 has better AUC compared with NT-proBNP in diagnosing HFpEF. Serum Galectin-3 showed a positive correlation with NT-proBNP and lipid parameters.
Conclusion
Galectin-3 with higher sensitivity and AUC can be used as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of HFpEF. Simultaneous testing of both Galectin-3 and NT-proBNP can further improve the detection of patients with HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmayi Kanukurti
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Noorjahan Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - N N Sreedevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Siraj Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K S S Sai Baba
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Vijaya Bhaskar
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - O Sai Satish
- Department of Cardiology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shaik Mohammad Naushad
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Sandor Proteomics Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Iyyapu Krishna Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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8
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Galectin-3 Is a Potential Mediator for Atherosclerosis. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5284728. [PMID: 32149158 PMCID: PMC7042544 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5284728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory arterial disease forming the pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke. Numerous studies have implicated inflammation as a key player in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a 30 kDa β-galactose, highly conserved and widely distributed intracellularly and extracellularly. Gal-3 has been demonstrated in recent years to be a novel inflammatory factor participating in the process of intravascular inflammation, lipid endocytosis, macrophage activation, cellular proliferation, monocyte chemotaxis, and cell adhesion. This review focuses on the role of Gal-3 in atherosclerosis and the mechanism involved and several classical Gal-3 agonists and antagonists in the current studies.
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9
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Dong R, Zhang M, Hu Q, Zheng S, Soh A, Zheng Y, Yuan H. Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker for disease diagnosis and a target for therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:599-614. [PMID: 29207027 PMCID: PMC5752178 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a member of the galectin family, which are β‑galactoside‑binding lectins with ≥1 evolutionary conserved carbohydrate‑recognition domain. It binds proteins in a carbohydrate‑dependent and ‑independent manner. Galectin‑3 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm; however, it shuttles into the nucleus and is secreted onto the cell surface and into biological fluids including serum and urine. It serves important functions in numerous biological activities including cell growth, apoptosis, pre‑mRNA splicing, differentiation, transformation, angiogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis and host defense. Numerous previous studies have indicated that galectin‑3 may be used as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for certain types of heart disease, kidney disease and cancer. With emerging evidence to support the function and application of galectin‑3, the current review aims to summarize the latest literature regarding the biomarker characteristics and potential therapeutic application of galectin‑3 in associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Medical College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Hu
- Medical College, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Andrew Soh
- Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Medical Scientific Affairs, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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10
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Galectin-3 Reflects Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion Being Assessed by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:7402784. [PMID: 28044067 PMCID: PMC5156816 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7402784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background. This study investigates whether serum levels of galectin-3 may reflect impaired mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) in patients undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). Methods. Patients undergoing cMRI during routine clinical care were included prospectively within an all-comers design. Blood samples for biomarker measurements were collected within 24 hours following cMRI. Statistical analyses were performed in all patients and in three subgroups according to MAPSE (MAPSE I: ≥11 mm, MAPSE II: ≥8 mm–<11 mm, and MAPSE III: <8 mm). Patients with right ventricular dysfunction (<50%) were excluded. Results. 84 patients were included in the study. Median LVEF was 59% (IQR 51–64%). Galectin-3 correlated significantly with NT-proBNP (r = 0.42, p = 0.0001). Galectin-3 increased significantly according to the different stages of impaired MAPSE (p = 0.006) and was able to discriminate both patients with impaired MAPSE <11 mm (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.645, p = 0.024) and <8 mm (AUC = 0.733, p = 0.003). Combining galectin-3 with NT-proBNP improved discrimination of MAPSE <8 mm (AUC 0.803, p = 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression models galectin-3 was still associated with impaired MAPSE (MAPSE < 11 mm: odds ratio (OR) = 3.53, p = 0.018; MAPSE < 8 mm: OR = 3.18, p = 0.06). Conclusions. Galectin-3 reflects MAPSE being assessed by cardiac MRI.
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Madanieh R, Mathew S, Shah P, Vatti SK, Madanieh A, Kosmas CE, Vittorio TJ. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Might Complement Two-Dimensional Echocardiography in the Detection of a Reversible Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CASE REPORTS 2015; 8:109-14. [PMID: 26740746 PMCID: PMC4689327 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s26054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of reversible nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy in a male in his 60s who presented with an acute heart failure syndrome. Both conventional two-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) demonstrated severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; however, both modalities were devoid of significant valvular heart disease as well as the presence of fibrosis, infiltration, inflammation, and scar. After six months of aggressive neurohumoral modulation, there was complete reverse remodeling and normalization of left ventricular function, which highlights the role of cMRI as an adjunct to two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of a potentially reversible nonischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raef Madanieh
- St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center, The Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Mathew
- New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | | | - Satya K. Vatti
- St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center, The Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Abed Madanieh
- St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center, The Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Constantine E. Kosmas
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J. Vittorio
- St. Francis Hospital – The Heart Center, The Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, Roslyn, NY, USA
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Loncar G, Omersa D, Cvetinovic N, Arandjelovic A, Lainscak M. Emerging biomarkers in heart failure and cardiac cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23878-96. [PMID: 25535078 PMCID: PMC4284795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are objective tools with an important role for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy optimization in patients with heart failure (HF). To date, natriuretic peptides are closest to optimal biomarker standards for clinical implications in HF. Therefore, the efforts to identify and test new biomarkers in HF are reasonable and justified. Along the natural history of HF, cardiac cachexia may develop, and once at this stage, patient performance and prognosis is particularly poor. For these reasons, numerous biomarkers reflecting hormonal, inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways have been investigated, but only a few convey relevant information. The complex pathophysiology of HF appears far too complex to be embraced by a single biomarker; thus, a combined approach appears reasonable. With these considerations, we have reviewed the recent developments in the field to highlight key candidates with diagnostic, prognostic and therapy optimization properties, either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Loncar
- Clinical Hospital Zvezdara, Cardiology Department, Dimitrija Tucovica 161, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Daniel Omersa
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
| | - Natasa Cvetinovic
- Clinical Hospital Zvezdara, Cardiology Department, Dimitrija Tucovica 161, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Arandjelovic
- Clinical Hospital Zvezdara, Cardiology Department, Dimitrija Tucovica 161, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital Celje, Oblakova 5, Celje 3000, Slovenia.
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