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Wu Y, Zhang H, Guan L, Jia X, Wang M. S14G-humanin alleviates acute lung injury by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13865-13875. [PMID: 38054825 PMCID: PMC10756097 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by severely damaged alveoli and blood vessels, seriously affecting the health of patients and causing a high mortality rate. The pathogenesis of ALI is complex, with inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress (OS) mainly involved. S14G humanin (HNG) is derived from humanin (HN), which is claimed with promising anti-inflammatory functions. Herein, the protective influence of HNG on ALI will be explored in a mouse model. The ALI model was established in mice via intratracheal instillation of 3 mg/kg LPS, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 3 and 6 mg/kg HNG, respectively. Thicker alveolar walls, aggravated neutrophil infiltration, and increased wet weight/dry weight (W/D) ratio were observed in ALI mice, accompanied by an aggravated apoptotic state, all of which were notably alleviated by HNG. Furthermore, increased number of total cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), elevated secretion of inflammatory cytokines, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and declined superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) levels were observed in ALI mice, which were markedly ameliorated by HNG. Moreover, the upregulated levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and caspases cleave gasdermin D N/caspases cleave gasdermin D FL (GSDMD N/GSDMD FL) in ALI mice were signally repressed by HNG. Lastly, the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p-p65/p65, and downregulation of IκB-α observed in ALI mice were sharply reversed by HNG. Collectively, HNG alleviated the ALI in mice by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Wu
- Department of ICU, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of ICU, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Lingbo Guan
- Department of ICU, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Xiangli Jia
- Department of ICU, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of ICU, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311100, China
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Zhu S, Hu X, Bennett S, Xu J, Mai Y. The Molecular Structure and Role of Humanin in Neural and Skeletal Diseases, and in Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:823354. [PMID: 35372353 PMCID: PMC8965846 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.823354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanin (HN) belongs to a member of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) which are encoded by mitochondrial genes. HN shares sequence homology with thirteen HN-like proteins, named MTRNR2L1 to MTRNR2L13, which encompass 24–28 amino acid residues in length. HN mediates mitochondrial status and cell survival by acting via an intracellular mechanism, or as a secreted factor via extracellular signals. Intracellularly, it binds Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX), Bim and tBid, and IGFBP3 to inhibit caspase activity and cell apoptosis. When released from cells as a secreted peptide, HN interacts with G protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1/2) to mediate apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathways. Additionally, it interacts with CNTFR-α/gp130/WSX-1 trimeric receptors to induce JAK2/STA3 signalling cascades. HN also binds soluble extracellular proteins such as VSTM2L and IGFBP3 to modulate cytoprotection. It is reported that HN plays a role in neuronal disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, as well as in diabetes mellitus, infertility, and cardiac diseases. Its roles in the skeletal system are emerging, where it appears to be involved with the regulation of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Understanding the molecular structure and role of HN in neural and skeletal diseases is vital to the application of HN in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Yuliang Mai,
| | - Xiaoyong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Division of Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuliang Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant, Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Yuliang Mai,
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Sreekumar PG, Kannan R. Mechanisms of protection of retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidant injury by humanin and other mitochondrial-derived peptides: Implications for age-related macular degeneration. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101663. [PMID: 32768357 PMCID: PMC7767738 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of small open reading frame encoded polypeptides with pleiotropic properties. The prominent members are Humanin (HN) and small HN-like peptide (SHLP) 2, which encode 16S rRNA, while mitochondrial open reading frame of the twelve S c (MOTS-c) encodes 12S rRNA of the mitochondrial genome. While the multifunctional properties of HN and its analog 14-HNG have been well documented, their protective role in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/retina has been investigated only recently. In this review, we have summarized the multiple effects of HN and its analogs, SHLP2 and MOTS-c in oxidatively stressed human RPE and the regulatory pathways of signaling, mitochondrial function, senescence, and inter-organelle crosstalk. Emphasis is given to the mitochondrial functions such as biogenesis, bioenergetics, and autophagy in RPE undergoing oxidative stress. Further, the potential use of HN and its analogs in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are also presented. In addition, the role of novel, long-acting HN elastin-like polypeptides in nanotherapy of AMD and other ocular diseases stemming from oxidative damage is discussed. It is expected MDPs will become a promising group of mitochondrial peptides with valuable therapeutic applications in the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran G Sreekumar
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Ram Kannan
- The Stephen J. Ryan Initiative for Macular Research (RIMR), Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA; Stein Eye Institute, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Effects of Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides (MDPs) on Mitochondrial and Cellular Health in AMD. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051102. [PMID: 32365540 PMCID: PMC7290668 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantive evidence demonstrates the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology and pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Recently, extensive characterization of Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides (MDPs) has revealed their cytoprotective role in several diseases, including AMD. Here we summarize the varied effects of MDPs on cellular and mitochondrial health, which establish the merit of MDPs as therapeutic targets for AMD. We argue that further research to delve into the mechanisms of action and delivery of MDPs may advance the field of AMD therapy.
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Tao WY, Yu LJ, Jiang S, Cao X, Chen J, Bao XY, Li F, Xu Y, Zhu XL. Neuroprotective effects of ZL006 in Aβ 1-42-treated neuronal cells. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2296-2305. [PMID: 32594052 PMCID: PMC7749460 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.285006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ZL006 is shown to reduce over-produced nitric oxide and oxidative stress in ischemic stroke by interrupting the interaction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and postsynaptic density protein 95. However, few studies are reported on the role of ZL006 in AD. To investigate whether ZL006 exerted neuroprotective effects in AD, we used Aβ1–42 to treat primary cortical neurons and N2a neuroblastoma cells as an in vitro model of AD. Cortical neurons were incubated with ZL006 or dimethyl sulfoxide for 2 hours and treated with Aβ1–42 or NH3•H2O for another 24 hours. The results of cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and calcein-acetoxymethylester/propidium iodide staining showed that ZL006 pretreatment rescued the neuronal death induced by Aβ1–42. Fluorescence and western blot assay were used to detect oxidative stress and apoptosis-related proteins in each group of cells. Results showed that ZL006 pretreatment decreased neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by Aβ1–42. The results of CCK8 assay showed that inhibition of Akt or NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cortical neurons abolished the protective effects of ZL006. Moreover, similar results were also observed in N2a neuroblastoma cells. ZL006 inhibited N2a cell death and oxidative stress induced by Aβ1–42, while inhibition of Akt or Nrf2 abolished the protective effect of ZL006. These results demonstrated that ZL006 reduced Aβ1–42-induced neuronal damage and oxidative stress, and the mechanisms might be associated with the activation of Akt/Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin-Jie Yu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Su Jiang
- Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin-Yu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University; The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Abstract
In the human the peptide Humanin is produced from the small Humanin gene which is embedded as a gene-within-a-gene in the 16S ribosomal molecule of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The peptide itself appears to be significant in the prevention of cell death in many tissues and improve cognition in animal models. By using simple data mining techniques, it is possible to show that 99.4% of the human Humanin sequences in the GenBank database are unaffected by mutations. However, in other vertebrates, pseudogenization of the Humanin gene is a common feature; occurring apparently randomly in some species and not others. The persistence, or loss, of a functional Humanin gene may be an important factor in laboratory animals, especially if they are being used as animal models in studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact reason why Humanin underwent pseudogenization in some vertebrate species during their evolution remains to be determined. This study was originally planned to review the available information about Humanin and it was a surprise to be able to show that pseudogenization has occurred in a gene in the mtDNA and is not restricted solely to chromosomal genes.
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Gao GS, Li Y, Zhai H, Bi JW, Zhang FS, Zhang XY, Fan SH. Humanin analogue, S14G-humanin, has neuroprotective effects against oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3926-3934. [PMID: 29043002 PMCID: PMC5639330 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, characterized by a disruption of blood supply to the brain, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although humanin, a 24-amino acid polypeptide, has been identified to have multiple neuroprotective functions, the level of humanin in plasma has been demonstrated to decrease with age, which likely limits the effects against stroke injury. A potent humanin analogue, S14G-humanin (HNG), generated by replacement of Ser14 with glycine, has been demonstrated to have 1,000-fold stronger biological activity than humanin. The present study established an in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to mimic the in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury in stroke. Adding HNG (0-10 µg/l) to SH-SY5Y cells to different extents blocked OGD/R-induced reduction of cell viability and antioxidative capacity, as well as decreased the elevated apoptosis rate induced by OGD/R, with the most evident effects at 1 µg/l HNG. Janus kinase 2 (Jak2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling was attenuated in OGD/R processes, yet reactivated with HNG treatment. FLLL32 (5 µM), a specific inhibitor of the signal, abolished effects of HNG on anti-apoptosis and antioxidation in OGD/R processes. Co-treatment with HNG and FLLL32 failed to interrupt upregulation of cytochrome c, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 provoked by OGD/R. Similar to FLLL32, Jak2/Stat3 signaling activated by HNG was also repressed by inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; 10 µM LY294002) or protein kinase B (AKT; 5 µM MK-2206 2HCl). These data collectively indicated that HNG has neuroprotective effects against OGD/R by reactivating Jak2/Stat3 signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that HNG may be a promising agent in the management of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Sheng Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhai
- Department of Emergency, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Bi
- Department of Internal Neurology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276400, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Sen Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Fan
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Dominiak A, Wilkaniec A, Wroczyński P, Adamczyk A. Selenium in the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Where is it Going? Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:282-99. [PMID: 26549649 PMCID: PMC4857624 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666151223100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (34Se), an antioxidant trace element, is an important regulator of brain function. These beneficial properties that Se possesses are attributed to its ability to be incorporated into selenoproteins as an amino acid. Several selenoproteins are expressed in the brain, in which some of them, e.g. glutathione peroxidases (GPxs), thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs) or selenoprotein P (SelP), are strongly involved in antioxidant defence and in maintaining intercellular reducing conditions. Since increased oxidative stress has been implicated in neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, epilepsy and others, a growing body of evidence suggests that Se depletion followed by decreased activity of Se-dependent enzymes may be important factors connected with those pathologies. Undoubtedly, the remarkable progress that has been made in understanding the biological function of Se in the brain has opened up new potential possibilities for the treatment of neurological diseases by using Se as a potential drug. However, further research in the search for optimal Se donors is necessary in order to achieve an effective and safe therapeutic income.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Wilkaniec
- Department of Cellular Signaling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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