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Huang J, Sun M, Wang M, Yu A, Zheng H, Bu C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Hu Z. Establishment and characterization of a highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2296775. [PMID: 38184822 PMCID: PMC10773622 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2296775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing during the last decade. Cancer research requires cell lines suitable for both in vitro and in vivo assays. However, there is a lack of cell lines with a high in vivo metastatic capacity for this HCC subtype. Herein, a new HCC cell line was established, named HCC-ZJ, using cells from a patient diagnosed with alcohol-related HCC. The karyotype of HCC-ZJ was 46, XY, del (p11.2). Whole-exome sequencing identified several genetic variations in HCC-Z that occur frequently in alcohol-associated HCC, such as mutations in TERT, CTNNB1, ARID1A, CDKN2A, SMARCA2, and HGF. Cell counting kit-8 assays, colony formation assays, and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the proliferation, migration, and sensitivity to sorafenib and lenvatinib of HCC-Z in vitro. HCC-ZJ showed a robust proliferation rate, a weak foci-forming ability, a strong migration capacity, and a moderate invasion tendency in vitro. Finally, the tumorigenicity and metastatic capacity of HCC-Z were evaluated using a subcutaneous xenograft model, an orthotopic xenograft model, and a tail-veil injection model. HCCZJ exhibited strong tumorigenicity in the subcutaneous xenograft and orthotopic tumor models. Moreover, HCC-ZJ spontaneously formed pulmonary metastases in the orthotopic tumor model. In summary, a new HCC cell line derived from a patient with alcohol-related HCC was established, which showed a high metastatic capacity and could be applied for in vitro and in vivo experiments during pre-clinical research.Highlights• An alcohol-related HCC cell line, HCC-ZJ, was established• HCC-ZJ was applicable for in vitro functional experiment and gene editing• HCC-ZJ was applicable for in vivo tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menglan Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anning Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Zheng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chiwen Bu
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital of Guanyun County, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen K, Li Y, Wang B, Yan X, Tao Y, Song W, Xi Z, He K, Xia Q. Patient-derived models facilitate precision medicine in liver cancer by remodeling cell-matrix interaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1101324. [PMID: 37215109 PMCID: PMC10192760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is an aggressive tumor originating in the liver with a dismal prognosis. Current evidence suggests that liver cancer is the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide and the second most deadly type of malignancy. Tumor heterogeneity accounts for the differences in drug responses among patients, emphasizing the importance of precision medicine. Patient-derived models of cancer are widely used preclinical models to study precision medicine since they preserve tumor heterogeneity ex vivo in the study of many cancers. Patient-derived models preserving cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions better recapitulate in vivo conditions, including patient-derived xenografts (PDXs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs), patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and patient-derived tumor spheroids (PDTSs). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the different modalities used to establish preclinical models for precision medicine in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingran Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuehan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiying Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhou Song
- Ottawa-Shanghai Joint School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifeng Xi
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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3
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Romualdo GR, Leroy K, Costa CJS, Prata GB, Vanderborght B, da Silva TC, Barbisan LF, Andraus W, Devisscher L, Câmara NOS, Vinken M, Cogliati B. In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies for Translational Modeling. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5583. [PMID: 34771745 PMCID: PMC8582701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death globally. HCC is a complex multistep disease and usually emerges in the setting of chronic liver diseases. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies according to the etiology, mainly caused by chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections, chronic alcohol consumption, aflatoxin-contaminated food, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. The establishment of HCC models has become essential for both basic and translational research to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology and unravel new molecular drivers of this disease. The ideal model should recapitulate key events observed during hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to be translated into clinical practice. Despite considerable efforts currently devoted to liver cancer research, only a few anti-HCC drugs are available, and patient prognosis and survival are still poor. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used for translational modeling of HCC with a specific focus on their key molecular hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Ribeiro Romualdo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kaat Leroy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Gabriel Bacil Prata
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil; (G.B.P.); (L.F.B.)
| | - Wellington Andraus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinics Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Hepatology Research Unit, Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (K.L.); (M.V.)
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil; (G.R.R.); (C.J.S.C.); (T.C.d.S.)
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Chen X, Shen C, Wei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Jiang L, Chen K, Qiu S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Chen B, Xu Y, Feng Q, Huang J, Zhong Z, Li H, Che G, Xiao K. Patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mirrors complex tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:184-198. [PMID: 33628593 PMCID: PMC7877179 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have shown great promise in preclinical and translational applications, but their consistency with primary tumors in phenotypic, genetic, and pharmacodynamic heterogeneity has not been well-studied. This study aimed to establish a PDX repository for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to further elucidate whether it could preserve the heterogeneity within and between tumors in patients. Methods A total of 75 surgically resected NSCLC specimens were implanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Based on the successful establishment of the NSCLC PDX model, we compared the expressions of vimentin, Ki67, EGFR, and PD-L1 proteins between cancer tissues and PDX models using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we detected whole gene expression profiling between primary tumors and PDX generations. We also performed whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis in 17 first generation xenografts to further assess whether PDXs retained the patient heterogeneities. Finally, paclitaxel, cisplatin, doxorubicin, atezolizumab, afatininb, and AZD4547 were used to evaluate the responses of PDX models to the standard-of-care agents. Results A large collection of serially transplantable PDX models for NSCLC were successfully developed. The histology and pathological immunohistochemistry of PDX xenografts were consistent with the patients' tumor samples. WES and RNA-seq further confirmed that PDX accurately replicated the molecular heterogeneities of primary tumors. Similar to clinical patients, PDX models responded differentially to the standard-of-care treatment, including chemo-, targeted- and immuno-therapeutics. Conclusions Our established PDX models of NSCLC faithfully reproduced the molecular, histopathological, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as the corresponding tumor heterogeneities, which provides a clinically relevant platform for drug screening, biomarker discovery, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinxing Huang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
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Huang DQ, Muthiah MD, Zhou L, Jumat H, Tan WX, Lee GH, Lim SG, Kow A, Bonney G, Shridhar I, Lim YT, Wee A, Pang YH, Soon G, Chow P, Dan YY. Predicting HCC Response to Multikinase Inhibitors With In Vivo Cirrhotic Mouse Model for Personalized Therapy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1313-1325. [PMID: 33340714 PMCID: PMC8020437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises in a cirrhotic, pro-angiogenic microenvironment. Inhibiting angiogenesis is a key mode of action of multikinase inhibitors and current non-cirrhotic models are unable to predict treatment response. We present a novel mouse cirrhotic model of xenotransplant that predicts the natural biology of HCC and allows personalized therapy. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced in NOD Scid gamma mice with 4 months of thioacetamide administration. Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) were created by transplant of human HCC subcutaneously into non-cirrhotic mice and intra-hepatically into both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic mice. The applicability of cirrhotic PDXs for drug testing was tested with 16 days of either sorafenib or lenvatinib. Treatment response was evaluated by MRI. RESULTS 8 out of 19 (42%) human HCC engrafted in the cirrhotic model compared with only 3 out of 19 (16%) that engrafted in the subcutaneous non-cirrhotic model. Tumor vasculature was preserved in the cirrhotic model but was diminished in the non-cirrhotic models. Metastasis developed in 3 cirrhotic PDX lines and was associated with early HCC recurrence in all 3 corresponding patients (100%), compared with only 5 out of 16 (31%) of the other PDX lines, P = .027. The cirrhotic model was able to predict response and non-response to lenvatinib and sorafenib respectively in the corresponding patients. Response to lenvatinib in the cirrhotic PDX was associated with reduction in CD34, VEGFR2 and CLEC4G immunofluorescence area and intensity (all P ≤ .03). CONCLUSIONS A clinically relevant cirrhotic PDX model preserves tumor angiogenesis and allows prediction of response to multikinase inhibitors for personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Halisah Jumat
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Xin Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guan Huei Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seng Gee Lim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred Kow
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Glenn Bonney
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Iyer Shridhar
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Lim
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Aileen Wee
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yin Huei Pang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Gwyneth Soon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Pierce Chow
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Zhu M, Li L, Lu T, Yoo H, Zhu J, Gopal P, Wang SC, Porempka MR, Rich NE, Kagan S, Odewole M, Renteria V, Waljee AK, Wang T, Singal AG, Yopp AC, Zhu H. Uncovering Biological Factors That Regulate Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth Using Patient-Derived Xenograft Assays. Hepatology 2020; 72:1085-1101. [PMID: 31899548 PMCID: PMC7332388 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several major factors limit our understanding of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). First, human HCCs are infrequently biopsied for diagnosis and thus are not often biologically interrogated. Second, HCC initiation and progression are strongly influenced by the cirrhotic microenvironment, and the exact contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic tumor factors are unclear. A powerful approach to examine the personalized biology of liver cancers and the influence of host tissues is with patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. In Asia, HCCs from patients with hepatitis B virus have been efficiently converted into PDXs, but few parallel efforts from the west have been reported. APPROACH AND RESULTS In a large-scale analysis, we implanted 93 HCCs and 8 cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) to systematically analyze host factors and to define an optimized platform for PDX development from both surgical and biopsy samples. NOD Scid IL-2Rγ-/- (NSG) mice that had undergone partial hepatectomy (PHx) represented the best combination of engraftability, growth, and passageability, but overall rates were low and indicative of a unique intrinsic biology for HCCs in the United States. PDX models preserved the histology and genetic features of parental tumors, and ultimately, eight models were usable for preclinical studies. Intriguingly, HCC PDXs were differentially sensitive to regorafenib and sorafenib, and CCA PDXs were also highly sensitive to regorafenib. CONCLUSIONS PDX models functionalize early and advanced stage HCCs and revealed unique biological features of liver cancers from the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tianshi Lu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, 75390, USA
| | - Hyesun Yoo
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction (MiCHAMP), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ji Zhu
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction (MiCHAMP), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sam C. Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matthew R. Porempka
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicole E. Rich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sofia Kagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mobolaji Odewole
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Veronica Renteria
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Akbar K. Waljee
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine and Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction (MiCHAMP), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA, 75390, USA
| | - Amit G. Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam C. Yopp
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Lead contact: Hao Zhu, , Phone: (214) 648-2850
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Xu ZT, Ding H, Fu TT, Zhu YL, Wang WP. A Nude Mouse Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HCCLM3 Cell Xenografts and the Use of Imaging to Evaluate Tumor Progression. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8694-8703. [PMID: 31736477 PMCID: PMC6880650 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop a nude mouse model of orthotopic liver transplantation of HCCLM3 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell xenografts and the use of imaging and histology to evaluate tumor development and progression. Material/Methods HCCLM3 cells were injected subcutaneously into 25 healthy male athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) nude mice. The tumors that developed were transplanted into the liver of a new set of nude mice. After four weeks and six weeks, the mice were imaged using ultrasound (US), software-assisted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Histology was performed on the liver and liver tumors, and included immunohistochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, CD34, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Results The success rate for orthotopic tumor transplantation in the mouse liver was 90% (18/20). Liver tumors measured 11.8±2.6 mm in diameter and 525.9±250.8 mm3 in volume on the sixth week. CEUS showed rapid wash-in and washout in the liver tumors, and PET showed low tumor cell metabolism. Bone metastases were present in 45% (9/20) of mice in the sixth week. Immunohistochemistry showed positive expression for VEGF, CD31, CD34, and α-SMA. Conclusions The nude mouse orthotopic liver transplantation model of human HCC was shown to be a reliable model that has the potential for future research on the pathogenesis and progression of HCC and studies on drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ting Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Tian-Tian Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland).,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Li Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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8
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Blumer T, Fofana I, Matter MS, Wang X, Montazeri H, Calabrese D, Coto-Llerena M, Boldanova T, Nuciforo S, Kancherla V, Tornillo L, Piscuoglio S, Wieland S, Terracciano LM, Ng CKY, Heim MH. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts Established From Needle Biopsies Preserve the Characteristics of the Originating Tumors. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:971-986. [PMID: 31334445 PMCID: PMC6601318 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced‐stage disease are limited. A major obstacle in drug development is the lack of an in vivo model that accurately reflects the broad spectrum of human HCC. Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) tumor mouse models could overcome the limitations of cancer cell lines. PDX tumors maintain the genetic and histologic heterogeneity of the originating tumors and are used for preclinical drug development in various cancers. Controversy exists about their genetic and molecular stability through serial passaging in mice. We aimed to establish PDX models from human HCC biopsies and to characterize their histologic and molecular stability during serial passaging. A total of 54 human HCC needle biopsies that were derived from patients with various underlying liver diseases and tumor stages were transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient, nonobese, diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency gamma‐c mice; 11 successfully engrafted. All successfully transplanted HCCs were Edmondson grade III or IV. HCC PDX tumors retained the histopathologic, transcriptomic, and genomic characteristics of the original HCC biopsies over 6 generations of retransplantation. These characteristics included Edmondson grade, expression of tumor markers, tumor gene signature, tumor‐associated mutations, and copy number alterations. Conclusion: PDX mouse models can be established from undifferentiated HCCs, with an overall success rate of approximately 20%. The transplanted tumors represent the entire spectrum of the molecular landscape of HCCs and preserve the characteristics of the originating tumors through serial passaging. HCC PDX models are a promising tool for preclinical personalized drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Blumer
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Isabel Fofana
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Matthias S Matter
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Xueya Wang
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Hesam Montazeri
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Diego Calabrese
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Mairene Coto-Llerena
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Tujana Boldanova
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clarunis, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nuciforo
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Venkatesh Kancherla
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Luigi Tornillo
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Visceral Surgery Research Laboratory, Clarunis, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Stefan Wieland
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Luigi M Terracciano
- Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Institute of Pathology University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Department for Biomedical Research University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clarunis, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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9
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He S, Hu B, Li C, Lin P, Tang WG, Sun YF, Feng FYM, Guo W, Li J, Xu Y, Yao QL, Zhang X, Qiu SJ, Zhou J, Fan J, Li YX, Li H, Yang XR. PDXliver: a database of liver cancer patient derived xenograft mouse models. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:550. [PMID: 29743053 PMCID: PMC5944069 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and characterized by heterogeneity and drug resistance. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have been widely used in cancer research because they reproduce the characteristics of original tumors. However, the current studies of liver cancer PDX mice are scattered and the number of available PDX models are too small to represent the heterogeneity of liver cancer patients. To improve this situation and to complement available PDX models related resources, here we constructed a comprehensive database, PDXliver, to integrate and analyze liver cancer PDX models. Description Currently, PDXliver contains 116 PDX models from Chinese liver cancer patients, 51 of them were established by the in-house PDX platform and others were curated from the public literatures. These models are annotated with complete information, including clinical characteristics of patients, genome-wide expression profiles, germline variations, somatic mutations and copy number alterations. Analysis of expression subtypes and mutated genes show that PDXliver represents the diversity of human patients. Another feature of PDXliver is storing drug response data of PDX mice, which makes it possible to explore the association between molecular profiles and drug sensitivity. All data can be accessed via the Browse and Search pages. Additionally, two tools are provided to interactively visualize the omics data of selected PDXs or to compare two groups of PDXs. Conclusion As far as we known, PDXliver is the first public database of liver cancer PDX models. We hope that this comprehensive resource will accelerate the utility of PDX models and facilitate liver cancer research. The PDXliver database is freely available online at: http://www.picb.ac.cn/PDXliver/
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng He
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Guo Tang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Fan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang-You-Min Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qian-Lan Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Jian Qiu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computing Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Luo H, Chen Y, Sun B, Xiang T, Zhang S. ESTABLISHMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORTHOTOPIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND DRUG-INDUCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN MICE WITH SPLEEN-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:165-173. [PMID: 28480394 PMCID: PMC5411868 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spleen-deficiency syndrome (SDS) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) played pivotal roles on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study was performed to establish and evaluate HCC model in mice with SDS in TCM. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 90 C57BL/6 mice were randomized in six groups (n=15 for each group): A, Control group; B, SDS group; C, orthotopic HCC (OHCC) group; D, OHCC based on SDS (SDS-OHCC) group; E, Drug-induced HCC (DHCC) group; F, DHCC based on SDS (SDS-DHCC) group. The SDS model were established by subcutaneous injection of reserpine, followed by the OHCC or DHCC model establishment. The SDS scores, tumor formation rate and survival time were recorded and calculated, as well as the histochemical stain was performed. RESULTS The SDS scores of mice in Group B, D, F were 17.57±4.86 (P<0.05 vs. Group A), 18.13±4.53 (P<0.05 vs. Group A and C) and 23.32±4.94 (P<0.05 vs. Group A and E) respectively. The tumor formation rate of mice in Group C, D, E and F were 73.33%, 100%, 60% and 80% respectively. The survival time of mice in Group C, D, E and F were 26.42±5.27, 17.33±4.76 (P<0.05 vs. Group C), 35.77±6.12 and 22.61±5.05 (P<0.05 vs. Group E) respectively. CONCLUSION The SDS-oriented HCC mice models were simple and easily-operated models for further studies on SDS oriented tumor. Meanwhile, SDS was a pivotal factor for low outcome of hepatic tumor. Abbreviations: HCC, Hepatocellular carcinoma; OHCC, Orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma; DHCC, Drug-induced hepatocellular carcinoma; SDS, Spleen-deficiency syndrome; TCM, Traditional Chinese Medicine; SPF, Specific pathogen-free; DEN, Diethylnitrosamine; CCl4, Carbon tetrachloride; HE, Hematoxylin-eosin; IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Luo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Pranatharthiharan S, Patel MD, Malshe VC, Pujari V, Gorakshakar A, Madkaikar M, Ghosh K, Devarajan PV. Asialoglycoprotein receptor targeted delivery of doxorubicin nanoparticles for hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:20-29. [PMID: 28155331 PMCID: PMC8244555 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1225856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-targeted doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) nanoparticles (NPs) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polyethylene sebacate (PES)-Gantrez® AN 119 Dox NPs of average size 220 nm with PDI < 0.62 and ∼20% Dox loading were prepared by modified nanoprecipitation. ASGPR ligands, pullulan (Pul), arabinogalactan (AGn), and the combination (Pul-AGn), were anchored by adsorption. Ligand anchoring enabled high liver uptake with a remarkable hepatocyte:nonparenchymal cell ratio of 85:15. Furthermore, Pul-AGn NPs exhibited an additive effect implying incredibly high hepatocyte accumulation. Galactose-mediated competitive inhibition confirmed ASGPR-mediated uptake of ligand-anchored NPs in HepG2 cell lines. Subacute toxicity in rats confirmed the safety of the NP groups. However, histopathological evaluation suggested mild renal toxicity of AGn. Pul NPs revealed sustained reduction in tumor volume in PLC/PRF/5 liver tumor-bearing Nod/Scid mice up to 46 days. Extensive tumor necrosis, reduced collagen content, reduction in the HCC biomarker serum α-fetoprotein (p < 0.05), a mitotic index of 1.135 (day 46), and tumor treated/tumor control (T/C) values of <0.42 signified superior efficacy of Pul NPs. Furthermore, weight gain in the NP groups, and no histopathological alterations indicated that they were well tolerated by the mice. The high efficacy coupled with greater safety portrayed Pul Dox NPs as a promising nanocarrier for improved therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Pranatharthiharan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Mitesh D Patel
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Vinod C Malshe
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
| | - Vaishali Pujari
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Ajit Gorakshakar
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Kanjaksha Ghosh
- b National Institute of Immunohaematology , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Institute of Chemical Technology (Deemed University, Elite Status) , Mumbai , Maharashtra , India and
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12
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Chen L, Tian H, Li M, Ge C, Zhao F, Zhang L, Li H, Liu J, Wang T, Yao M, Li J. Derivate isocorydine inhibits cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5951-61. [PMID: 26596832 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that isocorydine (ICD) can be served as a potential antitumor agent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A novel derivate of isocorydine (d-ICD) could significantly improve its anticancer activity in tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms of d-ICD on HCC cells remain to be unclear. In this study, we observed that d-ICD inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. We found d-ICD induced G2/M cycle arrest of HCC cells via DNA damage 45 alpha (GADD45A) and p21 pathway in vitro and in vivo. In d-ICD-treated cells, cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1 and p-CDC2 were upregulated and p-cyclin B1, CDC2, and E2F1 were inhibited. p21 expression can be reversed by knockdown of GADD45A in d-ICD-treated HCC cells. Enforced expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in combination with d-ICD enhanced the p21 expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay showed that upregulation of GADD45A by C/EBPβ was achieved through the increase of GADD45A promoter activity. These findings indicate that d-ICD inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest through activation of C/EBPβ-GADD45A-p21 pathway in HCC cells. d-ICD might be a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory Fornatural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingpu Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, China
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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