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Roberts DA, Watson E, Macdonald C, Khan Y, Prideaux S, Puthiyakunnel Saji A, Postaleniec E, Selvakumar J, Haghighat Ghahfarokhi M, Davidson B, Gurusamy K. Management of pain and cachexia in pancreatic cancer: Protocol for two systematic reviews, network meta-analysis, surveys and focus groups (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e46335. [PMID: 37014692 PMCID: PMC10139686 DOI: 10.2196/46335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 75% of people with pancreatic cancer experience pain, and >50% of them have cachexia (weakness and wasting of the body). However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the management of these distressing symptoms. OBJECTIVE Our primary objectives are to compare the relative benefits and harms of different interventions for pain in people with unresectable pancreatic cancer and for prevention and treatment of cachexia due to pancreatic cancer, through systematic reviews and network meta-analysis. Our secondary objectives are to develop an evidence-based clinical care pathway to manage pain and prevent and treat cachexia in people with pancreatic cancer through surveys and focus groups involving patients, carers, and health care professionals. METHODS We will perform 2 systematic reviews of the literature related to pain and cachexia in people with pancreatic cancer using searches from Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index, and trial registries. Two researchers will independently screen for eligibility and identify randomized controlled trials (no language or publication status restriction), comparing interventions for pain or cachexia based on full-texts for articles shortlisted during screening. We will assess risk of bias in the trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (version 2.0) and obtain data related to baseline prognostic characteristics, potential effect modifiers and outcome data related to overall survival, health-related quality of life, treatment-related complications, and resource utilisation. We aim to conduct network meta-analysis on outcomes with multiple treatment comparisons where possible, otherwise, meta-analysis with direct comparisons, or narrative synthesis. We will perform various subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Using information obtained from both systematic reviews, we will conduct 2 surveys: one directed to patients or carers to assess acceptability of interventions, and the other to health care professionals to assess feasibility of delivery in the National Health Service. Four mixed focus groups will be conducted to evaluate findings and foster consensus in the development of the care pathway. RESULTS Funding was awarded from April 2022 (NIHR202727). Both systematic review protocols were prospectively registered on PROSPERO in May 2022. Formal searches began thereafter. Approval by the University College London Research Ethics Committee (23563/001) was received in December 2022. Data collection began in January 2023; data analysis will begin in May 2023 (completion expected by October 2023). CONCLUSIONS This study will comprehensively encompass major interventions for management of pain in people with unresectable pancreatic cancer, and prevention and treatment of cachexia in people with pancreatic cancer. Key stakeholders will facilitate the development of an evidence-based care pathway, ensuring both acceptability and feasibility. The project ends in April 2024 and published results are expected within 12 months of completion. We aim to present the findings through patient group websites, conferences, and publications, irrespective of the findings, in a peer-reviewed journal. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/46335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Amanda Roberts
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Hampstead Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eila Watson
- Supportive Cancer Care Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarah Prideaux
- Patient and Public Involvement Representative, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilia Postaleniec
- Leicester Medical School, The University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jashan Selvakumar
- St George's, University of London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Brian Davidson
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Hampstead Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kurinchi Gurusamy
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Hampstead Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Du J, Zhu L, Sha H, Zou Z, Shen J, Kong W, Zhao L, Gu Q, Yu L, Qiu Y, Liu B. Therapeutic effect and safety of individualized chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy based on BRCA1 mRNA expression level in unresectable pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015232. [PMID: 36387089 PMCID: PMC9663848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of individualized chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy based on BRCA1 mRNA expression in unresectable pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression of BRCA1 mRNA in tumor tissues of 25 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected in this retrospective study. Patients in the medium and high expression groups were treated with paclitaxel-based chemotherapy: albumin paclitaxel 125mg/m2, gemcitabine 1g/m2, day 1. Patients in the low expression group were treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy: oxaliplatin 85mg/m2, gemcitabine 1g/m2, day 1. Sequential GM-CSF and IL-2 immunotherapy were applied. Patient condition, treatment efficacy and safety were assessed every 4 cycles. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were enrolled in the study. All of them were observed for toxic side effects and 24 of them were evaluated for efficacy. The median overall survival and median progression-free survival were 11.9 months and 6.3 months. The disease control rate was 91.7%, of which 37.5% (9/24) patients achieved partial remission (PR), 54.2% (13/24) patients achieved stable disease (SD) and 8.3% (2/24) patients were assessed as progressive disease(PD). Of the 15 patients with medium or high expression in BRCA1 mRNA, 7 achieved PR and 8 achieved SD. Of the 9 patients with low BRCA1 mRNA expression, 2 achieved PR, 5 achieved SD and 2 had PD. The proportion of eosinophils in the blood of some patients with good therapeutic effects was significantly higher than that before treatment. Hematological and non-hematological toxicity during the treatment were mostly grade 1~2. The two most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events were fever and thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that individualized selection of chemotherapy combined with sequential immunotherapy according to BRCA1 mRNA expression level in unresectable pancreatic cancer could control the disease and have controllable adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linxi Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizi Sha
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Kong
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianjun Zhao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Gu
- National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yudong Qiu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Baorui Liu, ; Yudong Qiu,
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Baorui Liu, ; Yudong Qiu,
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Li J, Wang F, Liu Y, Wang H, Ni B. N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) in pancreatic cancer: Regulatory mechanisms and future direction. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2323-2335. [PMID: 34239358 PMCID: PMC8241726 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.60115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotes, plays a pivotal role in regulating many cellular and biological processes. Aberrant m6A modification has recently been involved in carcinogenesis in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers. It is a heterogeneous malignant disease characterized by a plethora of diverse genetic and epigenetic events. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulation of m6A regulatory factors, such as methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A-binding proteins, profoundly affects the development and progression of pancreatic cancer. In addition, m6A regulators and m6A target transcripts may be promising early diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight the biological functions and mechanisms of m6A in pancreatic cancer and discuss the potential of m6A modification in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610021, PR China
| | - Fangjuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610021, PR China
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401120, PR China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, PR China
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Ren H, Mai G, Liu Y, Xiang R, Yang C, Su W. Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit B Is a Promoter in the Development and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:644156. [PMID: 33996561 PMCID: PMC8116711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.644156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with hidden incidence, high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, and poor prognosis. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B) is necessary for tumor growth, which is an alternative therapeutic target for many cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between EIF3B and PC. Methods: The expression of EIF3B in PC was detected by immunohistochemistry. EIF3B knockdown cell models were constructed by lentivirus infection. The MTT assay, the wound-healing assay, the transwell assay, the flow cytometry, and the Human Apoptosis Antibody Array was used to detect the effects of EIF3B knockdown on cell proliferation, cell migration, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle in vitro. Also, the effects of EIF3B knockdown on the tumor growth of PC were determined in vivo. Results: This study showed that the expression level of EIF3B was significantly up-regulated in PC tumor tissues and associated with pathological grade. In vitro, EIF3B knockdown inhibited the PC cell proliferation and migration, and the apoptosis levels were obviously promoted by regulating apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl-2, HSP27, HSP60, Survivin, sTNF-R2, TNF-α, TNF-β, TRAILR-3, TRAILR-4, and XIAP. Furthermore, the tumor growth of PC was inhibited after the knockdown of EIF3B in vivo. Conclusion: EIF3B was up-regulated in PC and was a promoter in the development and progression of PC, which could be considered as a therapeutic target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Gang Mai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Rongchao Xiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chong Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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5
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Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well-established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10279-10289. [PMID: 32745356 PMCID: PMC7521221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Gad MM, Găman MA, Saad AM, Al-Husseini MJ, Shehata OA, Saleh MA, Nelson AD, Simons-Linares CR. Temporal trends of incidence and mortality in Asian-Americans with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an epidemiological study. Ann Gastroenterol 2020; 33:210-218. [PMID: 32127743 PMCID: PMC7049244 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, with an estimated 45,750 deaths in 2019. Mortality outcomes seem to differ based on the ethnicity of the patients, with most studies focusing on the mortality and survival of Caucasians and African Americans. Little attention has been given, however, to Asian-American patients diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). In this study, we aimed to investigate mortality rates in Asian-American patients with PAC. Methods The SEER 13 registries (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results) of the National Cancer Institute were used to study PAC cases during 1992-2015. The incidence and incidence-based mortality rates per 100,000 person-years, and the annual percentage changes were calculated using SEER*stat software and Joinpoint regression software. Results A total of 5814 PAC cases in Asian-American patients were identified. Most patients were older than 60 years (77.6%) and had metastatic disease (55.8%). The overall incidence of PAC among Asian-Americans was 5.740 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.592-5.891]. Incidence rates were highest among males and patients older than 60 years. PAC incidence rates among Asian-Americans increased by 1.503% (95%CI 1.051-1.956; P<0.001) per year over the study period. PAC incidence rates increased over the study period for all sex, age, and stage subgroups. PAC incidence-based mortality among Asian-Americans increased by 4.535% (95%CI 3.538-5.541; P<0.001) per year over the study period. Conclusion The incidence of PAC in Asian-Americans, as well as incidence-based mortality rates, are on the rise, irrespective of age, sex or stage subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Gad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA (Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mohannad Abou Saleh, Alfred D. Nelson, Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares).,Department of Global Public Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (Mohamed M. Gad)
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania and Center of Hematology and d) Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania (Mihnea-Alexandru Găman)
| | - Anas M Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA (Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mohannad Abou Saleh, Alfred D. Nelson, Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares).,Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Anas M. Saad, Muneer J. Al-Husseini, Omar A. Shehata)
| | - Muneer J Al-Husseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Anas M. Saad, Muneer J. Al-Husseini, Omar A. Shehata).,Department of Medicine, Ascension St John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA (Muneer J. Al-Husseini)
| | - Omar A Shehata
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Anas M. Saad, Muneer J. Al-Husseini, Omar A. Shehata)
| | - Mohannad Abou Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA (Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mohannad Abou Saleh, Alfred D. Nelson, Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares)
| | - Alfred D Nelson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA (Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mohannad Abou Saleh, Alfred D. Nelson, Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares)
| | - Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA (Mohamed M. Gad, Anas M. Saad, Mohannad Abou Saleh, Alfred D. Nelson, Carlos Roberto Simons-Linares)
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Liu F, Ma J, Wang K, Li Z, Jiang Q, Chen H, Li W, Xia J. High expression of PDE4D correlates with poor prognosis and clinical progression in pancreaticductal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6252-6260. [PMID: 31772658 PMCID: PMC6856734 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) has recently been reported as an oncogene in various types of human cancers. However, the expression and significance of PDE4D in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have not been elucidated. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the expression of PDE4D in 104 clinicopathologically characterized PDAC cases. PDE4D expression in paired tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues were detected by western blotting and real time qRT-PCR. The correlation of PDE4D expression levels with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods. Effect of PDE4D on pancreatic cancer cells was detected by cell migration and invasion assays. Results: We found that PDE4D was significantly up-regulated in PDAC tumor tissues compared to those paired adjacent noncancerous tissues at both protein and mRNA levels. High level of PDE4D was significantly associated with clinical stage (P = 0.004), T classification (P = 0.003), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022) and liver metastasis (P = 0.038). Patients with higher levels of PDE4D had shorter overall survival time contrast with those with lower PDE4D expression (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated that PDE4D may be an independent prognostic factor for PDAC. PDE4D depletion significantly suppressed β-catenin and Snail expression as well as the migration and invasion abilities of pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions: Our study reveals that PDE4D up-regulated in PDAC was closely associated with poor prognosis of PDAC patients and multiple aggressive clinicopathological characteristics. PDE4D could be a useful prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fude Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Jieyi Ma
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kebing Wang
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jintang Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China
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Spatial distribution and clusters of pancreatic cancer mortality in Shandong Province, China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12917. [PMID: 31501496 PMCID: PMC6733872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49357-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the geographic distribution and risk clusters of pancreatic cancer mortality from 2011 to 2013 in Shandong, China, and to detect the differences between urban and rural areas. Our data were obtained from the Shandong Death Registration System (SDRS) and were adjusted according to the underreporting level. The distribution of mortality was displayed with GIS-based maps at the county level. The results showed an increasing trend in pancreatic cancer mortality from the western region to the eastern region of Shandong. Additionally, four significant risk clusters were detected, and the most likely cluster was focused in the northeastern and northern regions. Urban-rural differences in the mortality distribution and risk clusters were also detected. In conclusion, our study identified pancreatic cancer mortality clusters in Shandong in urban and rural areas; these results can contribute to the development of effective and targeted strategies to control pancreatic cancer in different areas.
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MiR-20a-5p regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in pancreatic cancer cells and serves as a predictor for gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181374. [PMID: 30777929 PMCID: PMC6504660 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2) acts as an important gemcitabine resistance-related gene in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we aimed to investigate the potential microRNA that regulates gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 and explores the clinical significance of candidate miRNA in PC. MTT assay and Western blot analysis revealed that long-time gemcitabine treatment in PC cells induced drug resistance and RRM2 increase, and silence of RRM2 blocked gemcitabine resistance. Among the predicted eight RRM2-related microRNAs, the expression of miR-20a-5p showed the most significant discrepancy between gemcitabine-resistant cells and parental cells. Furthermore, the Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that miR-20a-5p directly targeted RRM2 3'UTR, thus inhibited expression of RRM2 and overcame gemcitabine resistance of PC cells. Retrospective study suggested that plasma miR-20a-5p level was correlated with gemcitabine resistance in PC patient. ROC curve showed that miR-20a-5p abundant level might predict gemcitabine resistance with an AUC of 89% (P<0.0001). Additionally, the PFS of patients with high and low expression levels miR-20a-5p was 2.8 and 4.5 months (P<0.001), respectively. Taken together, our results suggests that miR-20a-5p regulated gemcitabine chemosensitivity by targeting RRM2 in PC cells and could serve as a predictor for predicting the efficacy of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of PC patients.
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Li W, Liu H, Qian W, Cheng L, Yan B, Han L, Xu Q, Ma Q, Ma J. Hyperglycemia aggravates microenvironment hypoxia and promotes the metastatic ability of pancreatic cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:479-487. [PMID: 30455857 PMCID: PMC6232646 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer are intimately related. Our previous studies showed that high levels of blood glucose promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between hyperglycemia and hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Methods HIF-1α expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in clinical pancreatic cancer tissues with or without diabetes mellitus. Statistcal analysis was performed to explore the relationship between HIF-1α expression and pathological features of patients with pancreatic cancer. In vivo and in vitro models was established to detect whether a hyperglycemia environment could cause hypoxia in the pancreatic parenchyma and promote pancreatic cancer. In addition, we also tested the effect of HIF-1α siRNA on the high glucose-induced invasive and migratory abilities of BxPC-3 cells in culture. Result Our data showed that pancreatic cancer patients with diabetes had a higher level of HIF-1α expression as well as biliary duct invasion and larger tumor volumes than individuals in the euglycemic group. Diabetic nude mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ) exhibited larger tumors and were more likely to develop liver metastasis than control mice. Acinar cells of the pancreas in diabetic mice showed an obvious expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum and increased nuclear gaps as well as chromatin close to the cellular membrane in some acinar cells. The expression area for Hypoxyprobe-1 and HIF-1α in the diabetic orthotopic xenograft group was larger than that in the control group. The expression level of HIF-1α in the BxPC-3 cancer cell line increased in response to high glucose and CoCl2 concentrations. The high glucose-induced invasive ability, migratory capacity and MMP-9 expression were counter-balanced by siRNA specific to HIF-1α. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that the association between hyperglycemia and poor prognosis can be attributed to microenvironment hypoxia in pancreatic cancer.
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Key Words
- CCL2, chemical chemokine 2
- CoCl2, cobalt chloride
- ECM, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- GDNF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HIF-1α
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypoxia
- Metastasis
- PNI, perineural invasion
- PSC, pancreatic stellate cells
- Pancreatic cancer
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiguang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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11
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Huang F, Chen W, Peng J, Li Y, Zhuang Y, Zhu Z, Shao C, Yang W, Yao H, Zhang S. LncRNA PVT1 triggers Cyto-protective autophagy and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development via the miR-20a-5p/ULK1 Axis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:98. [PMID: 30001707 PMCID: PMC6043995 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but how PVT1 operates in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear. Methods PVT1 expression level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and hybridization in situ (ISH). Western blot or qRT-PCR was performed to assess the ULK1 protein or mRNA level. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under a confocal microscope and autophagic vacuoles investigation under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological role of PVT1 in autophagy and PDA development was determined by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays. Results We found that PVT1 levels paralleled those of ULK1 protein in PDA cancer tissues. PVT1 promoted cyto-protective autophagy and cell growth by targeting ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high PVT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we found that PVT1 acted as sponge to regulate miR-20a-5p and thus affected ULK1 expression and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that the “PVT1/miR-20a-5p/ULK1/autophagy” pathway modulates the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may be a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0845-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Juanfei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuanhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yanyan Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wanling Yang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Centre for Genomic Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Shineng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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12
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Chu M, Wang T, Sun A, Chen Y. Nimesulide inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by enhancing expression of PTEN. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:370-376. [PMID: 29896263 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated cases of mortality worldwide. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) is considered a therapeutic target for prevention of pancreatic cancer. Nimesulide, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, can induce cell apoptosis, resulting in an anti-cancer effect. However, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of nimesulide on proliferation of PANC-1 cells using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by DNA laddering and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide-stained flow cytometry. Furthermore, western blot analysis was used to elucidate the mechanism underlying nimesulide treatment in PANC-1 cells. It was determined that proliferation of PANC-1 cells was inhibited by nimesulide in a dose-dependent manner. Nimesulide promoted apoptosis of PANC-1 cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that nimesulide increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and apoptosis regulator Bax (Bcl-2 associated protein X), and decreased the expression of pro-caspase-3 and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2). Furthermore, nimesulide enhanced expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and decreased the expression level of COX-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrated that nimesulide could induce apoptosis and inhibit growth of PANC-1 cells by enhancing the expression of PTEN, which indicates the potential of nimesulide to prevent tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifen Chu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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13
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Qian Y, Sang Y, Wang FXC, Hong B, Wang Q, Zhou X, Weng T, Wu Z, Zheng M, Zhang H, Yao H. Prognostic significance of B7-H4 expression in matched primary pancreatic cancer and liver metastases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72242-72249. [PMID: 27750217 PMCID: PMC5342158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis development in pancreatic cancer patients is common and confers a poor prognosis. Clinical relevance of biomarker analysis in metastatic tissue is necessary. B7-H4 has an inhibitory effect on T cell mediated response and may be involved in tumor development. Although B7-H4 expression has been detected in pancreatic cancer, its expression in liver metastases from pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In this study, overall 43 pancreatic cancer liver metastases (with matched primaries in 15/43 cases) and 57 pancreatic cancer cases without liver metastases or other distant metastases were analyzed for their expression of B7-H4 by immunohistochemistry. Survival curves and log-rank tests were used to test the association of B7-H4 expression with survival. B7-H4 was highly expressed in 28 (65.1%) of the 43 liver metastases and 9 (60.0%) of the 15 matched primary tumors. The expression of B7-H4 in liver metastases was significantly higher than in the matched primary tumors (p < 0.05). Patients with high B7-H4 expression in their primary pancreatic cancer had higher risk of developing liver metastases (p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, B7-H4 expression was significantly associated with the risk of death (p < 0.05). And the multivariate analysis identified that B7-H4 was an independent prognostic indicator (p < 0.05). Our results revealed B7-H4 to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. B7-H4 may promote pancreatic cancer metastasis and was promising to be a potential prognostic indicator of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yiwen Sang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Frederick X C Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianhao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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14
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Pang Y, Holmes MV, Guo Y, Yang L, Bian Z, Chen Y, Iona A, Millwood IY, Bragg F, Chen J, Li L, Kartsonaki C, Chen Z. Smoking, alcohol, and diet in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer in China: a prospective study of 0.5 million people. Cancer Med 2017; 7:229-239. [PMID: 29271112 PMCID: PMC5773963 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, the incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) has increased in recent decades. However, little is known about the relevance to PC risk of lifestyle and behavioral factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, and diet. The China Kadoorie Biobank prospective study recruited 512,891 adults (210,222 men, 302,669 women) aged 30–79 (mean 52) years from 10 diverse areas during 2004–08. During ~9 years of follow‐up, 688 incident cases of PC were recorded among those who had no prior history of cancer at baseline. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for PC associated with smoking, alcohol and selected dietary factors. Overall, 74% of men were ever‐regular smokers and 33% of men drank at least weekly, compared with only 3% and 2% of women, respectively. Among men, current regular smoking was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.08–1.44) for PC, with greater excess risk in urban than rural areas (1.46 [1.19–1.79] vs 1.04 [0.86–1.26]). Heavy, but not light to moderate, alcohol drinking (i.e. ≥420 g/week) was associated with significant excess risk (1.69 [1.21–2.37]), again more extreme in urban than rural areas (1.93 [1.29–2.87] vs 1.35 [0.74–2.48]). Overall, regular consumption of certain foodstuffs was associated with PC risk, with adjusted daily vs never/rare consumption HRs of 0.66 (0.56–0.79) for fresh fruit and 1.16 (1.01–1.33) for red meat. In China, smoking and heavy alcohol drinking were independent risk factors for PC in men. Lower fresh fruit and higher red meat consumption were also associated with higher risk of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 9 Dongdan San Tiao, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andri Iona
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, 37 Guangqu Road, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liming Li
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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Zhu Q, Pan X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Liu F, Li A, Zhao Z, Wang Y, Li K, Mi L. Biological nanoparticles carrying the Hmda-7 gene are effective in inhibiting pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185507. [PMID: 28985230 PMCID: PMC5630125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system, and remains a clinical challenge. This study aimed to assess the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles carrying the hMDA-7 gene (BSA-NP-hMDA-7) in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Methods BSA-NP-hMDA-7 was generated by nanotechnology and gene recombination technology. A total of 5 BXPC-3 or PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell groups were examined, including Control, BSA-NPs, Empty vector, hMDA-7 plasmid, and hMDA-7 BSA-NPs groups, respectively. Proliferation and apoptosis of cultured cells were assessed by the MTT method and flow-cytometry, respectively. In addition, pancreatic cancer models were established with both cell lines in nude mice, and the expression profiles of hMDA-7 and VEGF in cancer tissues were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results BSA-NP-hMDA-7 nanoparticles were successfully generated, and significantly inhibited the proliferation of BXPC-3 and PANC-1 cells; in addition, apoptosis rates were higher in both cell lines after treatment with BSA-NP-hMDA-7 (P<0.05). Nude mouse xenograft studies indicated that treatment with BSA-NP-hMDA-7 nanoparticles resulted in decreased tumor size. Moreover, the hMDA-7 protein was found in tumor tissues after hMDA-7 gene transfection, while BSA-NP-hMDA-7 significantly suppressed VEGF expression in tumor tissues. Similar results were obtained for both BXPC-3 and PANC-1 xenograft models. Conclusion BSA nanoparticles carrying the hMDA-7 gene effectively transfected BXPC-3 and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, causing reduced cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis in vitro. In mouse xenografts, BSA-NP-hMDA-7 treatment decreased tumor size and reduced VEGF expression. These findings indicated that BSA-NP-hMDA-7 might exert anticancer effects via VEGF suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinting Pan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yunbo Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengbin Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Nano New Material Key Laboratories of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Nano New Material Key Laboratories of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangyu Mi
- Department of ICU, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Pang Y, Holmes MV, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Yang L, Bian Z, Chen Y, Bragg F, Iona A, Millwood IY, Chen J, Li L, Chen Z. Young adulthood and adulthood adiposity in relation to incidence of pancreatic cancer: a prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults and a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:1059-1067. [PMID: 28900029 PMCID: PMC5847093 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-208895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult adiposity is positively associated with pancreatic cancer in Western populations. Little is known, however, about the association in China where many have lower body mass index (BMI) or about the relevance of young adulthood adiposity for pancreatic cancer in both Western and East Asian populations. METHODS The China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) recruited 512 891 adults aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008, recording 595 incident cases of pancreatic cancer during 8-year follow-up. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs for pancreatic cancer associated with self-reported young adulthood (mean ~25 years) BMI and with measured adulthood (mean ~52 years) BMI and other adiposity measures (eg, waist circumference (WC)). These were further meta-analysed with published prospective studies. RESULTS Overall, the mean BMI (SD) was 21.9 (2.6) at age 25 years and 23.7 (3.3) kg/m2 at age 52 years. Young adulthood BMI was strongly positively associated with pancreatic cancer in CKB (adjusted HR=1.36, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.61, per 5 kg/m2 higher BMI) and in meta-analysis of CKB and four other studies (1.18, 1.12 to 1.24). In CKB, there was also a positive association of pancreatic cancer with adulthood BMI (1.11, 0.97 to 1.27, per 5 kg/m2), similar in magnitude to that in meta-analyses of East Asian studies using measured BMI (n=2; 1.08, 0.99 to 1.19) and of Western studies (n=25; 1.10, 1.06 to 1.12). Likewise, meta-analysis of four studies, including CKB, showed a positive association of adulthood WC with pancreatic cancer (1.10, 1.06 to 1.14, per 10 cm). CONCLUSIONS In both East Asian and Western populations, adiposity was positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, with a somewhat stronger association for young than late-life adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Guo
- China National Coordinating Centre China Kadoorie Biobank, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zheng Bian
- China National Coordinating Centre China Kadoorie Biobank, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andri Iona
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Junshi Chen
- The China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- China National Coordinating Centre China Kadoorie Biobank, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Li X, Li Y, Wan L, Chen R, Chen F. miR-509-5p inhibits cellular proliferation and migration via targeting MDM2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4455-4464. [PMID: 28979137 PMCID: PMC5602284 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s130378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the effect of miR-509-5p on pancreatic cancer progression and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Methods Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine miR-509-5p expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and noncancerous adjacent tissues. CCK-8 and Transwell experiments were employed to examine cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion after miR-509-5p mimic or inhibitor transfection. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify the target gene of miR-509-5p, and cotransfection of the target gene and miR-509-5p mimic was performed to determine the effect on the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. A xenograft mouse model and histological analysis were also used to test the effect of miR-509-5p on tumor growth in vivo. Results miR-509-5p expression was dramatically downregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues and in pancreatic cancer cell lines. miR-509-5p mimic markedly inhibited PANC-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, miR-509-5p inhibitor promoted PANC-1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the 3′UTR–specific target site luciferase reporter assay also showed that miR-509-5p negatively regulated MDM2 at the post-transcriptional level. miR-509-5p effectively reversed the MDM2 overexpression-induced increase in PANC-1 cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, miR-509-5p inhibited tumor growth and accelerated cell death in the tumor samples. Conclusions Our results suggested that miR-509-5p served as a new tumor suppressor via targeting the MDM2 gene, inhibiting pancreatic cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Lecong Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Foshan
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases in Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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18
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Moschovis D, Gazouli M, Tzouvala M, Vezakis A, Karamanolis G. Long non-coding RNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Ann Gastroenterol 2017; 30:622-628. [PMID: 29118556 PMCID: PMC5670281 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2017.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in non-coding regions of DNA has been increasing since the mapping of the human genome revealed that human DNA contains far fewer genes encoding proteins than previously expected. However, analysis of the derivatives of DNA transcription (transcriptomics) revealed that the majority of the genetic material is transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA), indicating that these molecules probably provide the functional diversity and complexity of the physiology of the human body that cannot be attributed to the proteins. Of these ncRNA, long ncRNA (lncRNA) have a length greater than 200 nucleotides and share many common components with the coding messenger RNA (mRNA): They are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, comprised of multiple exons and subjected to normal RNA splicing giving RNA products of several kilobases. Scientific data reveal the regulatory role of lncRNA in the control of gene expression during cell development and homeostasis. However, to date, very few lncRNAs have been characterized in depth, and lncRNAs are thought to have a wide range of functions in cellular and developmental processes. These molecules will have the possibility to be used as biomarkers and contribute to the development of targeted therapies. Concerning pancreatic cancer, there are limited data in the literature that correlate the growth of these tumors with deregulation of various lncRNA. We herein review the literature regarding the role of lncRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and possible therapeutic target in the neoplasms of the pancreas, particularly pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moschovis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea (Dimitrios Moschovis, Maria Tzouvala), Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Maria Gazouli), Greece
| | - Maria Tzouvala
- Department of Gastroenterology, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital, Nikea (Dimitrios Moschovis, Maria Tzouvala), Greece
| | - Antonios Vezakis
- 2 Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Antonios Vezakis), Greece
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroenterology Unit, 2 Department of Surgery, Aretaieio University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (George Karamanolis), Greece
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19
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Si L, Xu L, Yin L, Qi Y, Han X, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Liu K, Peng J. Potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer via miR-149-3P-mediated inhibition of the Akt1 signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:553-568. [PMID: 28095588 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and possible underlying mechanisms of dioscin against pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro actions of dioscin on viability of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cells, and in vivo effects to suppress the tumour growth of cell xenografts in nude mice were assessed. In addition, microRNA microarray analysis determined which microRNAs were affected by dioscin. The mechanisms underlying the actions of dioscin against pancreatic cancer were elucidated in terms of Akt1 and other proteins related to aopoptosis. KEY RESULTS Dioscin markedly induced apoptosis and significantly suppressed the tumour growth of ASPC-1 and PANC-1 cell xenografts, in nude mice. Total of 107 microRNAs with differential changes were found, in which miR-149-3P targeted with Akt1 was markedly up-regulated by dioscin. Further studies showed that dioscin significantly down-regulated Akt1 levels, and thus induced cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of Bax, Apaf-1, cleaved caspase-3/9, cleaved PARP, suppressing Bcl-2 levels, and causing cytochrome c release. The effects of an inhibitor of miR-149-3P and of siRNA of testicular Akt1 suggested that dioscin showed excellent activity against pancreatic cancer via miR- 149-3P-mediated inhibition of Akt1 signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Collectively, these findings confirmed the potent effects of dioscin against pancreatic cancer and also provided novel insights into the mechanisms of the compound as a potential candidate for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Si
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Youwei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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20
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Pang Y, Kartsonaki C, Guo Y, Bragg F, Yang L, Bian Z, Chen Y, Iona A, Millwood IY, Lv J, Yu C, Chen J, Li L, Holmes MV, Chen Z. Diabetes, plasma glucose and incidence of pancreatic cancer: A prospective study of 0.5 million Chinese adults and a meta-analysis of 22 cohort studies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1781-1788. [PMID: 28063165 PMCID: PMC5396360 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in Western populations. Uncertainty remains, however, about the relevance of plasma glucose for PC among people without diabetes and about the associations of diabetes and high blood glucose with PC in China where the increase in diabetes prevalence has been very recent. The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study recruited 512,000 adults aged 30‐79 years from 10 diverse areas of China during 2004‐2008, recording 595 PC cases during 8 years of follow‐up. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for PC associated with diabetes (previously diagnosed or screen‐detected) and, among those without previously diagnosed diabetes, with levels of random plasma glucose (RPG). These were further meta‐analysed with 22 published prospective studies. Overall 5.8% of CKB participants had diabetes at baseline. Diabetes was associated with almost twofold increased risk of PC (adjusted HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.48‐2.37), with excess risk higher in those with longer duration since diagnosis (p for trend = 0.01). Among those without previously diagnosed diabetes, each 1 mmol/L higher usual RPG was associated with a HR of 1.12 (1.04‐1.21). In meta‐analysis of CKB and 22 other studies, previously diagnosed diabetes was associated with a 52% excess risk (1.52, 1.43‐1.63). Among those without diabetes, each 1 mmol/L higher blood glucose was associated with a 15% (1.15, 1.09‐1.21) excess risk. In Chinese and non‐Chinese populations, diabetes and higher blood glucose levels among those without diabetes are associated with an increased risk of PC. What's new? Diabetes is associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in Western populations, but uncertainty remains about the relevance of plasma glucose among people without diabetes. In this first prospective study investigating the association of diabetes with PC risk in China, where the increase in diabetes prevalence has been very recent, diabetes was associated with an almost twofold increased risk of PC, with random plasma glucose being positively associated with PC risk among participants without prior diagnosis of diabetes. In meta‐analysis, the results were consistent with previous evidence in Western populations, highlighting diabetes as a potential aetiological factor of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Pang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fiona Bragg
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andri Iona
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Lv
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liming Li
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Lin Q, Tan L, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Chen R. Radical nerve dissection for the carcinoma of head of pancreas: report of 30 cases. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:429-34. [PMID: 27647971 PMCID: PMC5018538 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.04.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical value of the radical nerve dissection (RND) for the carcinoma of head of pancreas (CHP). Methods The clinical and pathological data of 30 CHP patients who underwent RND in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, with an attempt to explore the safety and short-term efficacy of this procedure. Results Among these 30 patients, the operative time was (351±61) min, the intra-operative blood loss was 350 (range, 300-600) mL, and the grades B and C pancreatic fistula was 23.33%. During the follow-up (range, 2-30 months; median: 17 months), the 1-year survival rate was 63.33% and the 1-year disease-free survival rate was 56.67%. Among the 23 patients (76.66%) with positive extra-pancreatic perineural invasion (PNI), the 1-year casefatality rate was 34.78%, which was not significantly different from that (28.57%) of patients with negative PNI (P=0.760). Conclusions Our results suggested potential advantages of RND in the fields of surgery-associated risk and prognosis compared with the Whipple operation in the treatment of CHP. Due to the low sample size of this study, further well-designed research of large sample size is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lin
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Langping Tan
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quanbo Zhou
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rufu Chen
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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22
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Dai H, Chen H, Liu W, You Y, Tan J, Yang A, Lai X, Bie P. Effects of Raf kinase inhibitor protein expression on pancreatic cancer cell growth and motility: an in vivo and in vitro study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2107-17. [PMID: 27444299 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a tumor suppressor that inhibits cell growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer death with a low survival rate. RKIP expression and its role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in pancreatic cancer are poorly understood. The aims of our study were to assess the effects of RKIP on pancreatic carcinoma cells in vitro and in tumor tissues in vivo. METHODS This study included 84 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The expression levels of RKIP were measured in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Overexpression plasmid of RKIP was transfected into SW1990 and AsPC-1 cell lines, and the effects on cell proliferation were studied using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS Results showed a reduced expression of RKIP in pancreatic carcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues, which closely correlated with patient outcomes. Overexpression of RKIP suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in cultured SW1990 and AsPC-1 cell lines. Transwell assay showed RKIP can inhibit cell migration and invasion, and in vivo RKIP can suppress tumorigenesis by diminishing the volume of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, expression of RKIP is closely correlated with the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. RKIP can inhibit pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells proliferation, activities of migration and invasion, through downregulating Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisu Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Aigang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Lai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Cheng RF, Wang J, Zhang JY, Sun L, Zhao YR, Qiu ZQ, Sun BC, Sun Y. MicroRNA-506 is up-regulated in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and is associated with attenuated disease progression. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:64. [PMID: 27371108 PMCID: PMC4930606 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-506 (miR-506) has been reported to function in several tumors as a tumor suppressor gene or oncogene. However, the expression and role of miR-506 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the phenotype of miR-506 in PDAC. METHODS Using miRNA in situ hybridization, we examined the expression of miR-506 in 113 PDACs and 87 paired normal pancreatic tissues. We evaluated miR-506 expression in PDAC cells, normal pancreatic ducts, and acinus/islands, and we analyzed the associations between miR-506 expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of PDAC patients. RESULTS miR-506 expression was higher in PDAC than in matched normal pancreatic ductal cells (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the combined group of well and moderately differentiated PDACs showed higher levels of miR-506 than the poorly differentiated ones (P = 0.023). Moreover, miR-506 expression was negatively associated with pathologic T category (P = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033), suggesting that miR-506 might inhibit the progression of PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that miR-506 either plays a role as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis and a tumor suppressor in the progression or serves as a house-keeping, tumor-suppressing miRNA, whose expression can be activated by oncogenic signals in early development to hinder the progression of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Fen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Rui Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Cun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China.
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24
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Peng JF, Zhuang YY, Huang FT, Zhang SN. Noncoding RNAs and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:801-814. [PMID: 26811626 PMCID: PMC4716078 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent a class of RNA molecules that typically do not code for proteins. Emerging data suggest that ncRNAs play an important role in several physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer. The best-characterized ncRNAs are the microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, approximately 22-nucleotide sequences of RNA of approximately 22-nucleotide in length that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, through transcript degradation or translational repression. MiRNAs can function as master gene regulators, impacting a variety of cellular pathways important to normal cellular functions as well as cancer development and progression. In addition to miRNAs, long ncRNAs, which are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, have recently emerged as novel drivers of tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of their regulation and function, and the significance of other ncRNAs such as piwi-interacting RNAs in pancreas carcinogenesis are largely unknown. This review summarizes the growing body of evidence supporting the vital roles of ncRNAs in pancreatic cancer, focusing on their dysregulation through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, and highlighting the promise of ncRNAs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of pancreatic cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/therapeutic use
- Transcription, Genetic
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25
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Zhang J, Wang D, Hu N, Wang Q, Yu S, Wang J. The construction and proliferative effects of a lentiviral vector capable of stably overexpressing SPINK1 gene in human pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cell line. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:5847-55. [PMID: 26586397 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4405-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to design and generate recombinant lentiviral vector containing the complete coding sequence (CDS) region of human serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 gene (SPINK1) and establish a human pancreatic cancer cell line (AsPC-1) stably overexpressing SPINK1. Then, to assess the proliferative and oncogenic effects of upregulated SPINK1 gene on pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 cells using different methods. Initially, the target coding sequence (CDS) of SPINK1 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the synthesized product was subsequently subcloned into the lentiviral vector. The construction of recombinant SPINK1 gene was verified by the restriction digestion and sequencing analysis. The lentiviral particles carrying SPINK1 gene were produced by co-transfection of the recombination lentiviral vector and the packaging mix plasmids into 293 T cells and filtered and concentrated before AsPC-1 cells were infected by the virus particles. The cells transduced were differentially selected with puromycin, and the clones that highly expressed SPINK1 were chosen by real-time PCR and confirmed by Western blot after 7 weeks. The stably transduced AsPC-1 cell line showed significantly increased metabolic and proliferative capability using CCK-8 and Trypan Blue assays (P < 0.001). Cell cycle and DNA content analysis by flow cytometry showed that upregulated SPINK1 elicited significant increase in the percentage of AsPC-1 cells in the S and G2/M phase (P < 0.001). Clone formation assay demonstrated that the number of the colonies formed in the experimental group was greater than that in the control parental cells (P < 0.001). It was concluded that a stable AsPC-1 cell line capable of overexpressing SPINK1 had been successfully created, and that the proliferative capacity of AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cells was significantly raised by SPINK1 upregulation as well as the ability of a single AsPC-1 cell to grow into a colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Experimental Functionality, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044
| | - Qian Wang
- Nanjing Applied Biological Materials Inc., Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanice Yu
- Nanjing Applied Biological Materials Inc., Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China, 116044.
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26
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Ding Y, Yu C, Han Z, Xu S, Li D, Meng X, Chen D. Environmental tobacco smoke and pancreatic cancer: a case-control study. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:16729-32. [PMID: 26629212 PMCID: PMC4659100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been conformed that active smoking is an established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but the role of environmental tobacco smok (passive smoking) in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We intended to study the relationship between passive smoking and pancreatic cancer. METHODS From Oct. 1991 to Sep. 2014, A hospital-based case-control study on pancreatic cancer was conducted from the inpatient of five hospitals. 1076 cases pancreatic cancer patients. History of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed through questionnaires. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 23 years of follow-up (1991-2014), 1076 patients were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (686 men and 390 women). Compared to paternal smoking (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.77-1.21; P = 0.084), maternal smoking significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer (R, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.13-1.98; P = 0.018). Although the risk associated with maternal smoking remained elevated compared to the never smokers (RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07-2.27), there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The positive association with maternal smoking suggests that environmental tobacco smoke, potentially in utero or in early life, may be associated with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Linyi Cancer HospitalLinyi, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zenggang Han
- Department of Dialysis Room, Zhangqiu Hospital of traditional Chinese MedicineZhangqiu, Jinan, China
| | - Sunyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, People’s Hospital of ZhangqiuJinan, China
| | - Dacheng Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Qilu HospitalJinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of HenanZhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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27
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Wang C, Sun Y, Wu H, Yu S, Zhang L, Meng Y, Liu M, Yang H, Liu P, Mao X, Lu Z, Chen J. Elevated miR-483-3p expression is an early event and indicates poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9447-56. [PMID: 26124009 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3690-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MiR-483-3p has been reported to be widely involved in diverse human malignancies. However, the exact role of miR-483-3p remains elusive in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The objective of this study is to determine the expression pattern and clinical implications of miR-483-3p in PDAC. MiR-483-3p levels were evaluated by locked nucleic acid-in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH) in a tissue microarray including 63 PDAC tumors and 10 normal pancreatic tissues, followed by evaluation in an independent set of 117 pairs of matched PDAC tumors and adjacent tumor-free pancreatic tissues. Expression of miR-483-3p was further evaluated in pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). The impact of miR-483-3p on cell proliferation, growth, and anchorage-independent colony formation was also assessed in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis revealed that miR-483-3p was positively stained in 61 (96.8 %) PDAC samples, but not detectable in normal pancreatic duct tissue. In the 117 PDAC samples, 100 % were miR-483-3p positive, with 55.6 % (65/117) strongly positive, compared to only 13.7 % (16/117) weakly positive in adjacent normal pancreatic duct tissues. MiR-483-3p expression was associated with tumor grading (p < 0.05) and was an independent predictor of poor overall survival in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.584; 95 % CI = 1.268-5.264). Moreover, from PanIN1 to PanIN3, the rate of strong miR-483-3p-positive staining was 0 % (0/39), 14.8 % (4/27), and 87.5 % (14/16), respectively. Six (54.5 %) CP samples were only weakly stained for miR-483-3p. Inhibition of miR-483-3p suppressed cell proliferation, growth, and colony formation in vitro and decreased tumor cell growth in nude mouse xenografts in vivo. These results suggest that aberrant miR-483-3p expression is an early event in PDAC tumorigenesis and is associated with tumor differentiation and prognosis. It also may be a potential target for PDAC molecular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Pathology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Changping District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinxin Mao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Hu Tong, Beijing, 100730, China.
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