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Girbig RM, Baier J, Palme R, Tolba R, Rix A, Kiessling F. Welfare Assessment on Healthy and Tumor-Bearing Mice after Repeated Ultrasound Imaging. Eur Surg Res 2023; 64:77-88. [PMID: 35398847 PMCID: PMC9945198 DOI: 10.1159/000524431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound (US) imaging enables tissue visualization in high spatial resolution with short examination times. Thus, it is often applied in preclinical research. Diagnostic US, including contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), is considered to be well-tolerated by laboratory animals although no systematic study has been performed to confirm this claim. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen for possible effects of US and CEUS examinations on welfare of healthy mice. Additionally, the potential influence of CEUS and molecular CEUS on well-being and therapy response to regorafenib was investigated in breast cancer-bearing mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty healthy Balb/c mice were randomly assigned for examination with US or CEUS (3×/week) for 4 weeks. Untreated healthy mice and mice receiving only isoflurane anesthesia served as controls (n = 10/group). Ninety-four 4T1 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice were allocated randomly to the following groups: no imaging, isoflurane anesthesia, CEUS, and molecular CEUS. They either received 10 mg/kg regorafenib or vehicle solution daily by oral gavage. Animals were examined three times within 2 weeks. CEUS measurements were performed using phospholipid microbubbles, and phospholipid microbubbles targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 were applied for molecular CEUS. Welfare evaluation was performed by daily observational score sheets, measuring the heart rate, Rotarod performance, and fecal corticosterone metabolites twice a week. On the last day, pathological changes in serum corticosterone concentrations, hemograms, and organ weights were obtained. Moreover, a potential influence of isoflurane anesthesia, CEUS, and molecular CEUS on regorafenib response in tumor-bearing mice was examined. Analysis of variance and Dunnett's post hoc test were performed as statistical analyses. RESULTS Severity parameters were not altered after repeated US and CEUS examinations of healthy mice, but spleen sizes were significantly lower after isoflurane anesthesia. In tumor-bearing mice, no effect on animal welfare after repeated CEUS and molecular CEUS could be observed. However, leukocyte counts and spleen weights of tumor-bearing mice were significantly lower in animals examined with CEUS and molecular CEUS compared to the control groups. This effect was not visible in regorafenib-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Repeated US and (molecular) CEUS have no detectable impact on animal welfare in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. However, CEUS and molecular CEUS in combination with isoflurane anesthesia might attenuate immunological processes in tumor-bearing animals and may consequently affect responses to antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Michèle Girbig
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Baier
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
- *Fabian Kiessling,
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Ko CC, Yeh LR, Kuo YT, Chen JH. Imaging biomarkers for evaluating tumor response: RECIST and beyond. Biomark Res 2021; 9:52. [PMID: 34215324 PMCID: PMC8252278 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is the gold standard for assessment of treatment response in solid tumors. Morphologic change of tumor size evaluated by RECIST is often correlated with survival length and has been considered as a surrogate endpoint of therapeutic efficacy. However, the detection of morphologic change alone may not be sufficient for assessing response to new anti-cancer medication in all solid tumors. During the past fifteen years, several molecular-targeted therapies and immunotherapies have emerged in cancer treatment which work by disrupting signaling pathways and inhibited cell growth. Tumor necrosis or lack of tumor progression is associated with a good therapeutic response even in the absence of tumor shrinkage. Therefore, the use of unmodified RECIST criteria to estimate morphological changes of tumor alone may not be sufficient to estimate tumor response for these new anti-cancer drugs. Several studies have reported the low reliability of RECIST in evaluating treatment response in different tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, prostate cancer, brain glioma, bone metastasis, and lymphoma. There is an increased need for new medical imaging biomarkers, considering the changes in tumor viability, metabolic activity, and attenuation, which are related to early tumor response. Promising imaging techniques, beyond RECIST, include dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weight imaging (DWI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). This review outlines the current RECIST with their limitations and the new emerging concepts of imaging biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chung Ko
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Ren Yeh
- Department of Radiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeon-Hor Chen
- Department of Radiology, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Tu & Yuan Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, 164 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697 - 5020, USA.
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Bartelink IH, Jones EF, Shahidi‐Latham SK, Lee PRE, Zheng Y, Vicini P, van ‘t Veer L, Wolf D, Iagaru A, Kroetz DL, Prideaux B, Cilliers C, Thurber GM, Wimana Z, Gebhart G. Tumor Drug Penetration Measurements Could Be the Neglected Piece of the Personalized Cancer Treatment Puzzle. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 106:148-163. [PMID: 30107040 PMCID: PMC6617978 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine aims to use patient genomic, epigenomic, specific drug dose, and other data to define disease patterns that may potentially lead to an improved treatment outcome. Personalized dosing regimens based on tumor drug penetration can play a critical role in this approach. State-of-the-art techniques to measure tumor drug penetration focus on systemic exposure, tissue penetration, cellular or molecular engagement, and expression of pharmacological activity. Using in silico methods, this information can be integrated to bridge the gap between the therapeutic regimen and the pharmacological link with clinical outcome. These methodologies are described, and challenges ahead are discussed. Supported by many examples, this review shows how the combination of these techniques provides enhanced patient-specific information on drug accessibility at the tumor tissue level, target binding, and downstream pharmacology. Our vision of how to apply tumor drug penetration measurements offers a roadmap for the clinical implementation of precision dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke H. Bartelink
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and PharmacyAmsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ella F. Jones
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Pei Rong Evelyn Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yanan Zheng
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacometrics and DMPK (CPD)MedImmuneCambridgeUK
| | - Laura van ‘t Veer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Denise Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging at Stanford Health CareStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deanna L. Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (BTS)School of PharmacyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolPublic Health Research InstituteRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Cornelius Cilliers
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Greg M. Thurber
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Zena Wimana
- Institut Jules BordetUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Geraldine Gebhart
- Institut Jules BordetUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
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Neutrophil Elastase Activity Imaging: Recent Approaches in the Design and Applications of Activity-Based Probes and Substrate-Based Probes. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:7417192. [PMID: 31281234 PMCID: PMC6594253 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7417192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The last few decades of protease research has confirmed that a number of important biological processes are strictly dependent on proteolysis. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a critical protease in immune response and host defense mechanisms in both physiological and disease-associated conditions. Particularly, NE has been identified as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of lung inflammation. Recent studies have shown an increasing interest in developing methods for NE activity imaging both in vitro and in vivo. Unlike anatomical imaging modalities, functional molecular imaging, including enzymatic activities, enables disease detection at a very early stage and thus constitutes a much more accurate approach. When combined with advanced imaging technologies, opportunities arise for measuring imbalanced proteolytic activities with unprecedented details. Such technologies consist in building the highest resolved and sensitive instruments as well as the most specific probes based either on peptide substrates or on covalent inhibitors. This review outlines strengths and weaknesses of these technologies and discuss their applications to investigate NE activity as biomarker of pulmonary inflammatory diseases by imaging.
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Li YT, Cercueil JP, Yuan J, Chen W, Loffroy R, Wáng YXJ. Liver intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive review of published data on normal values and applications for fibrosis and tumor evaluation. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017; 7:59-78. [PMID: 28275560 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2017.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature review was performed on liver intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique and its applications. Heterogeneous data have been reported. IVIM parameters are magnetic field strength dependent to a mild extent. A lower Dslow (D) value at 3 T than at 1.5 T and higher perfusion fraction (PF) value at 3 T than at 1.5 T were noted. An increased number of b values are associated with increased IVIM parameter measurement accuracy. With the current status of art, IVIM technique is not yet capable of detecting early stage liver fibrosis and diagnosing liver fibrosis grades, nor can it differentiate liver tumors. Though IVIM parameters show promise for tumor treatment monitoring, till now how PF and Dfast (D*) add diagnostic value to Dslow or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) remains unclear. This paper shows the state-of-art IVIM MR technique is still not able to offer reliable measurement for liver. More works on the measurement robustness are warranted as they are essential to justify follow-up clinical studies on patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yáo T Li
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Cercueil
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Jing Yuan
- Medical Physics and Research Department, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Romaric Loffroy
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, François-Mitterrand Teaching Hospital, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wáng YXJ, Zhang Q, Li X, Chen W, Ahuja A, Yuan J. T1ρ magnetic resonance: basic physics principles and applications in knee and intervertebral disc imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:858-85. [PMID: 26807369 PMCID: PMC4700236 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.12.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T1ρ relaxation time provides a new contrast mechanism that differs from T1- and T2-weighted contrast, and is useful to study low-frequency motional processes and chemical exchange in biological tissues. T1ρ imaging can be performed in the forms of T1ρ-weighted image, T1ρ mapping and T1ρ dispersion. T1ρ imaging, particularly at low spin-lock frequency, is sensitive to B0 and B1 inhomogeneity. Various composite spin-lock pulses have been proposed to alleviate the influence of field inhomogeneity so as to reduce the banding-like spin-lock artifacts. T1ρ imaging could be specific absorption rate (SAR) intensive and time consuming. Efforts to address these issues and speed-up data acquisition are being explored to facilitate wider clinical applications. This paper reviews the T1ρ imaging's basic physic principles, as well as its application for cartilage imaging and intervertebral disc imaging. Compared to more established T2 relaxation time, it has been shown that T1ρ provides more sensitive detection of proteoglycan (PG) loss at early stages of cartilage degeneration. T1ρ has also been shown to provide more sensitive evaluation of annulus fibrosis (AF) degeneration of the discs.
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Wang YXJ, Xuan S, Port M, Idee JM. Recent advances in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for cellular imaging and targeted therapy research. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 19:6575-93. [PMID: 23621536 PMCID: PMC4082310 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319370003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances of nanotechnology have led to the development of nanomaterials with both potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Among them, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have received particular attention. Over the past decade, various SPIOs with unique physicochemical and biological properties have been designed by modifying the particle structure, size and coating. This article reviews the recent advances in preparing SPIOs with novel properties, the way these physicochemical properties of SPIOs influence their interaction with cells, and the development of SPIOs in liver and lymph nodes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast. Cellular uptake of SPIO can be exploited in a variety of potential clinical applications, including stem cell and inflammation cell tracking and intra-cellular drug delivery to cancerous cells which offers higher intra-cellular concentration. When SPIOs are used as carrier vehicle, additional advantages can be achieved including magnetic targeting and hyperthermia options, as well as monitoring with MRI. Other potential applications of SPIO include magnetofection and gene delivery, targeted retention of labeled stem cells, sentinel lymph nodes mapping, and magnetic force targeting and cell orientation for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese university of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang YXJ, Ng CK. The impact of quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery: Charting our course for the future. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2012; 1:1-3. [PMID: 23256048 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2011.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang J Wang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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