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Żukowska D, Chorążewska A, Ciura K, Gędaj A, Kalka M, Poźniak M, Porębska N, Opaliński Ł. The diverse dependence of galectin-1 and -8 on multivalency for the modulation of FGFR1 endocytosis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:270. [PMID: 38750548 PMCID: PMC11094976 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a N-glycosylated cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase, which upon recognition of specific extracellular ligands, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), initiates an intracellular signaling. FGFR1 signaling ensures homeostasis of cells by fine-tuning essential cellular processes, like differentiation, division, motility and death. FGFR1 activity is coordinated at multiple steps and unbalanced FGFR1 signaling contributes to developmental diseases and cancers. One of the crucial control mechanisms over FGFR1 signaling is receptor endocytosis, which allows for rapid targeting of FGF-activated FGFR1 to lysosomes for degradation and the signal termination. We have recently demonstrated that N-glycans of FGFR1 are recognized by a precise set of extracellular galectins, secreted and intracellular multivalent lectins implicated in a plethora of cellular processes and altered in immune responses and cancers. Specific galectins trigger FGFR1 clustering, resulting in activation of the receptor and in initiation of intracellular signaling cascades that shape the cell physiology. Although some of galectin family members emerged recently as key players in the clathrin-independent endocytosis of specific cargoes, their impact on endocytosis of FGFR1 was largely unknown.Here we assessed the contribution of extracellular galectins to the cellular uptake of FGFR1. We demonstrate that only galectin-1 induces internalization of FGFR1, whereas the majority of galectins predominantly inhibit endocytosis of the receptor. We focused on three representative galectins: galectin-1, -7 and -8 and we demonstrate that although all these galectins directly activate FGFR1 by the receptor crosslinking mechanism, they exert different effects on FGFR1 endocytosis. Galectin-1-mediated internalization of FGFR1 doesn't require galectin-1 multivalency and occurs via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, resembling in this way the uptake of FGF/FGFR1 complex. In contrast galectin-7 and -8 impede FGFR1 endocytosis, causing stabilization of the receptor on the cell surface and prolonged propagation of the signals. Furthermore, using protein engineering approaches we demonstrate that it is possible to modulate or even fully reverse the endocytic potential of galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Żukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gędaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Kalka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Poźniak
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw, 50-383, Poland.
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Xi D, Jia Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Xu B, Ma Z, Ma Y, Yu Y, Zhang F, Chen H. LAMC1 is a Novel Prognostic Factor and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Gastric Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3183-3198. [PMID: 35342300 PMCID: PMC8943981 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s353289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of LAMC1 in gastric cancer (GC), if it is of great importance to identify tumour driver genes with prognostic value. Patients and Methods GC-related gene expression profile data were downloaded from TCGA. R-limma package and univariate Cox regression were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and survival-genes, respectively. Then, the ClusterProfiler package was used to analyse the Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment of DEGs. Cytoscape was used to build a protein interaction network (PPI) and identify key genes. The GEPIA2 and TIMER databases were used to validate the differential expression of LAMC1. The relationship between LAMC1 and the prognosis of GC was analysed by the KM. GSEA and GSVA were used to analyse the major activated and mutated pathways, respectively. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to reidentify the expression of LAMC1 in GES-1 and 5 GC cell lines. Finally, we explored the relationship between LAMC1 and FGFR1. Results A total of 266 DEGs were be selected, which were mainly enriched in extracellular structure organization. LAMC1 was identified as one of the hub genes. The expression of LAMC1 was significantly higher in GC tissue than in paracancerous tissues, and the prognosis of the GC patient with high expression of LAMC1 was relatively poor. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis indicated that LAMC1 could be used as an independent prognostic indicator. The results of GSEA and GSVA showed that LAMC1 was mainly enriched in pathways such as MYOGENESIS and UV_RESPONSE_DN. The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level in AGS cells was significantly higher than that in gastric epithelial cells. LAMC1 may play a role in the development of gastric cancer by influencing FGFR1. Conclusion LAMC1 may mediate the occurrence and development of GC and has potential as a biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Xi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Provincial People’s Hospital of Gansu, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiaoLong Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanLing Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hao Chen, Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82, Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15009467790, Fax +86 931-8458109, Email
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Zarczynska I, Gorska-Arcisz M, Cortez AJ, Kujawa KA, Wilk AM, Skladanowski AC, Stanczak A, Skupinska M, Wieczorek M, Lisowska KM, Sadej R, Kitowska K. p38 Mediates Resistance to FGFR Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123363. [PMID: 34943871 PMCID: PMC8699485 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFR signalling is one of the most prominent pathways involved in cell growth and development as well as cancer progression. FGFR1 amplification occurs in approximately 20% of all squamous cell lung carcinomas (SCC), a predominant subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), indicating FGFR as a potential target for the new anti-cancer treatment. However, acquired resistance to this type of therapies remains a serious clinical challenge. Here, we investigated the NSCLC cell lines response and potential mechanism of acquired resistance to novel selective FGFR inhibitor CPL304110. We found that despite significant genomic differences between CPL304110-sensitive cell lines, their resistant variants were characterised by upregulated p38 expression/phosphorylation, as well as enhanced expression of genes involved in MAPK signalling. We revealed that p38 inhibition restored sensitivity to CPL304110 in these cells. Moreover, the overexpression of this kinase in parental cells led to impaired response to FGFR inhibition, thus confirming that p38 MAPK is a driver of resistance to a novel FGFR inhibitor. Taken together, our results provide an insight into the potential direction for NSCLC targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zarczynska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Monika Gorska-Arcisz
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Alexander Jorge Cortez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Aleksandra Kujawa
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Agata Małgorzata Wilk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (A.J.C.); (A.M.W.)
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Cezary Skladanowski
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Stanczak
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Monika Skupinska
- Preclinical Development Departament, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland;
| | - Maciej Wieczorek
- Clinical Development Department, Celon Pharma S.A., Marymoncka 15, 05-152 Kazuń Nowy, Poland; (A.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Marta Lisowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeze Armii Krajowej 15, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (K.A.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Rafal Sadej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamila Kitowska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.G.-A.); (A.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (K.K.)
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Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma cancer classification, biomarker identification, and gene expression analysis using overlapping feature selection methods. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13323. [PMID: 34172784 PMCID: PMC8233431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers in the world. Two of the most common subtypes, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), have drastically different biological signatures, yet they are often treated similarly and classified together as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LUAD and LUSC biomarkers are scarce, and their distinct biological mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. To detect biologically relevant markers, many studies have attempted to improve traditional machine learning algorithms or develop novel algorithms for biomarker discovery. However, few have used overlapping machine learning or feature selection methods for cancer classification, biomarker identification, or gene expression analysis. This study proposes to use overlapping traditional feature selection or feature reduction techniques for cancer classification and biomarker discovery. The genes selected by the overlapping method were then verified using random forest. The classification statistics of the overlapping method were compared to those of the traditional feature selection methods. The identified biomarkers were validated in an external dataset using AUC and ROC analysis. Gene expression analysis was then performed to further investigate biological differences between LUAD and LUSC. Overall, our method achieved classification results comparable to, if not better than, the traditional algorithms. It also identified multiple known biomarkers, and five potentially novel biomarkers with high discriminating values between LUAD and LUSC. Many of the biomarkers also exhibit significant prognostic potential, particularly in LUAD. Our study also unraveled distinct biological pathways between LUAD and LUSC.
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Santoni-Rugiu E, Melchior LC, Urbanska EM, Jakobsen JN, Stricker KD, Grauslund M, Sørensen JB. Intrinsic resistance to EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Differences and Similarities with Acquired Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E923. [PMID: 31266248 PMCID: PMC6678669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene occur as early cancer-driving clonal events in a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and result in increased sensitivity to EGFR-tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Despite very frequent and often prolonged clinical response to EGFR-TKIs, virtually all advanced EGFR-mutated (EGFRM+) NSCLCs inevitably acquire resistance mechanisms and progress at some point during treatment. Additionally, 20-30% of patients do not respond or respond for a very short time (<3 months) because of intrinsic resistance. While several mechanisms of acquired EGFR-TKI-resistance have been determined by analyzing tumor specimens obtained at disease progression, the factors causing intrinsic TKI-resistance are less understood. However, recent comprehensive molecular-pathological profiling of advanced EGFRM+ NSCLC at baseline has illustrated the co-existence of multiple genetic, phenotypic, and functional mechanisms that may contribute to tumor progression and cause intrinsic TKI-resistance. Several of these mechanisms have been further corroborated by preclinical experiments. Intrinsic resistance can be caused by mechanisms inherent in EGFR or by EGFR-independent processes, including genetic, phenotypic or functional tumor changes. This comprehensive review describes the identified mechanisms connected with intrinsic EGFR-TKI-resistance and differences and similarities with acquired resistance and among clinically implemented EGFR-TKIs of different generations. Additionally, the review highlights the need for extensive pre-treatment molecular profiling of advanced NSCLC for identifying inherently TKI-resistant cases and designing potential combinatorial targeted strategies to treat them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Linea C Melchior
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edyta M Urbanska
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan N Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Units, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4700 Næstved, Denmark
| | - Karin de Stricker
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Grauslund
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens B Sørensen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cen M, Yao Y, Cui L, Yang G, Lu G, Fang L, Bao Z, Zhou J. Honokiol induces apoptosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma by targeting FGF2-FGFR1 autocrine loop. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6205-6218. [PMID: 30515999 PMCID: PMC6308115 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for a considerable proportion of lung cancer cases, but there is still a lack of effective therapies. FGFR1 amplification is generally considered a promising therapeutic target. Honokiol is a chemical compound that has been proven to be effective against various malignancies and whose analog has been reported to target the mitogen‐activated protein kinase family, members of a downstream signaling pathway of FGFR1. This was an explorative study to determine the mechanism of honokiol in lung SCC. We found that honokiol induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in lung SCC cell lines in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Honokiol also restricted cell migration in lung SCC cell lines. Moreover, the expression of FGF2 and the activation of FGFR1 were both downregulated by honokiol. Pharmacological inhibition and siRNA knockdown of FGFR1 induced apoptosis in lung SCC cells. Our in vivo study indicated that honokiol could suppress the growth of xenograft tumors, and this effect was associated with the inhibition of the FGF2‐FGFR1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, honokiol induced cell apoptosis in lung SCC by targeting the FGF2‐FGFR1 autocrine loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyun Cui
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdie Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Fang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Bao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Jakobsen JN, Santoni-Rugiu E, Grauslund M, Melchior L, Sørensen JB. Concomitant driver mutations in advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer and their impact on erlotinib treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26195-26208. [PMID: 29899852 PMCID: PMC5995236 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer benefit from EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like erlotinib. However, the efficacy may be impaired by driver mutations in other genes. Methods Five hundred and fourteen consecutive patients with NSCLC of all stages were tested for EGFR-mutations by cobas® EGFR Mutation Test. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for MET-amplification, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MET- and ALK-expression, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) for concomitant driver mutations were performed on EGFR-mutated tumor samples from erlotinib-treated patients. Results Thirty-six patients (7%) had EGFR-mutations, including 2 with intrinsic resistance mutation p.T790M together with the p.L858R sensitizing mutation and 1 harboring the p.G719C/S768I double-mutation. Twenty-three patients had either locally advanced or advanced disease and received first-line erlotinib-treatment. Concomitant driver mutations were found in 15/21 (71%) of NGS-analyzed TKI-treated NSCLCs, involving in 67% of cases TP53, in 13% CTNNB1, and in 7% KRAS, MET, SMAD4, PIK3CA, FGFR1, FGFR3, NRAS, DDR2, and ERBB4. No ALK-expression was found, whereas MET-overexpression and MET-amplification were observed in 5 and 4 patients, respectively. Objective responses occurred in 17/23 patients (74%), 4 did not respond (17%), and 2 harboring a SMAD4-mutation (p.R135*(stop)) and a FGFR3-mutation (p.D785fs*31), respectively, displayed mixed response with simultaneously progressing and responding tumors (8.7%). Thus, EGFR-mutated tumors harboring co-mutations were not less likely to respond. Conclusion Co-mutations in other cancer-driver genes (oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes) were frequent in EGFR-mutated NSCLCs and few cases harbored concomitant activating and resistance EGFR-mutations before TKI-treatment. Most co-mutations did not impact the response to first-line erlotinib-treatment, but may represent potential additional therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nyrop Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Grauslund
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linea Melchior
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Benn Sørensen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Helbig D, Ihle MA, Pütz K, Tantcheva-Poor I, Mauch C, Büttner R, Quaas A. Oncogene and therapeutic target analyses in atypical fibroxanthomas and pleomorphic dermal sarcomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21763-74. [PMID: 26943575 PMCID: PMC5008321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, almost nothing is known about the tumorigenesis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). Our hypothesis is that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the world-wide most comprehensive immunohistochemical and mutational analysis in well-defined AFX (n=5) and PDS (n=5). RESULTS In NGS-based mutation analyses of selected regions by a 17 hotspot gene panel of 102 amplicons we could detect TP53 mutations in all PDS as well as in the only analyzed AFX and PDS of the same patient. Besides, we detected mutations in the CDKN2A, HRAS, KNSTRN and PIK3CA genes.Performing immunohistochemistry for CTNNB1, KIT, CDK4, c-MYC, CTLA-4, CCND1, EGFR, EPCAM, ERBB2, IMP3, INI-1, MKI67, MDM2, MET, p40, TP53, PD-L1 and SOX2 overexpression of TP53, CCND1 and CDK4 was seen in AFX as well as in PDS. IMP3 was upregulated in 2 AFX (weak staining) and 4 PDS (strong staining).FISH analyses for the genes FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 revealed negative results in all tumors. CONCLUSIONS UV-induced TP53 mutations as well as CCND1/CDK4 changes seem to play essential roles in tumorigenesis of PDS. Furthermore, we found some more interesting mutated genes in other oncogene pathways (activating mutations of HRAS and PIK3CA). All AFX and PDS investigated immunohistochemically presented with similar oncogene expression profiles (TP53, CCND1, CDK4 overexpression) and the single case with an AFX and PDS showed complete identical TP53 and PIK3CA mutation profiles in both tumors. This reinforces our hypothesis that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Pütz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Theelen WS, Mittempergher L, Willems SM, Bosma AJ, Peters DD, van der Noort V, Japenga EJ, Peeters T, Koole K, Šuštić T, Blaauwgeers JL, van Noesel CJ, Bernards R, van den Heuvel MM. FGFR1, 2 and 3 protein overexpression and molecular aberrations of FGFR3 in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 2:223-233. [PMID: 27785367 PMCID: PMC5068193 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine protein expression levels of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1, 2 and 3 in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, a screen to define the frequency of FGFR3‐TACC3 translocation and FGFR3 amplification was performed. Archived tissues from 653 NSCLC samples (adenocarcinoma (AC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell carcinoma (LCC)) were analysed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for expression of FGFR1, 2 and 3. Expression levels of FGFR1, 2 and 3 were correlated with clinicopathological features. The presence of FGFR3‐TACC3 translocation was detected by RT‐PCR and FGFR3 amplification was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. FGFR1, 2 and 3 proteins were highly expressed in 64 (10.6%), 76 (12.9%) and 20 (3.3%) NSCLC tumour samples, respectively. Protein expression of FGFR1 was significantly related to worse overall survival in NSCLC. Furthermore, FGFR1 protein expression was associated with light smoking and histological subtype (AC), FGFR2 protein expression with female gender, younger age, histological subtype (AC) and lower tumour stage, and FGFR3 protein was significantly overexpressed in tumours of older patients and SCC histology. The FGFR3‐TACC3 fusion was detected in 3.0% (6/200) of NSCLC samples and the FGFR3 gene was amplified in 4.7% of IHC positive NSCLC samples (2/43). FGFR1, 2 and 3 proteins are expressed in a high number of early stage NSCLC and FGFR1 protein expression may serve as a prognostic biomarker. Recurrent translocations and amplifications in FGFR3 can be found in NSCLC. This study shows that FGFR family members are frequently aberrant in NSCLC and could be interesting therapeutic targets for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn Sme Theelen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Astrid J Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dgc Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, Department of Molecular Pathology The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Eva J Japenga
- Department of Pulmonology OLVG Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ton Peeters
- Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Koos Koole
- Department of Pathology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tonći Šuštić
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Carel J van Noesel
- Department of Pathology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis The Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | |
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