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Liu JJ, Sun YM, Xu Y, Mei HW, Guo W, Li ZL. Pathophysiological consequences and treatment strategy of obstructive jaundice. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1262-1276. [PMID: 37555128 PMCID: PMC10405123 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i7.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive jaundice (OJ) is a common problem in daily clinical practice. However, completely understanding the pathophysiological changes in OJ remains a challenge for planning current and future management. The effects of OJ are widespread, affecting the biliary tree, hepatic cells, liver function, and causing systemic complications. The lack of bile in the intestine, destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and increased absorption of endotoxins can lead to endotoxemia, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and induce systemic inflammatory response syndrome, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Proper management of OJ includes adequate water supply and electrolyte replacement, nutritional support, preventive antibiotics, pain relief, and itching relief. The surgical treatment of OJ depends on the cause, location, and severity of the obstruction. Biliary drainage, surgery, and endoscopic intervention are potential treatment options depending on the patient's condition. In addition to modern medical treatments, Traditional Chinese medicine may offer therapeutic benefits for OJ. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed for relevant articles published up to August 1970. This review discusses in detail the pathophysiological changes associated with OJ and presents effective strategies for managing the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300102, China
| | - Yi-Meng Sun
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Han-Wei Mei
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wu Guo
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhong-Lian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300102, China
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2
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Guo B, Zhou Q, Chen J, Xin J, Jiang L, Yang H, Shi D, Ren K, Yang G, Li J, Zhou X, Li P, Luo J, He L, Hassan HM, Liang X, Yao H, Ma S, Li B, Geng L, Wang C, Jiang J, Li J. Orthotopic Transplantation of Functional Bioengineered Livers in Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1940-1951. [PMID: 36913674 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional bioengineered livers (FBLs) are promising alternatives to orthotopic liver transplantation. However, orthotopic transplantation of FBLs has not yet been reported. This study aimed to perform the orthotopic transplantation of FBLs in rats subjected to complete hepatectomy. FBLs were developed using rat whole decellularized liver scaffolds (DLSs) with human umbilical vein endothelial cells implanted via the portal vein, and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and mouse hepatocyte cell line implanted via the bile duct. FBLs were evaluated in terms of endothelial barrier function, biosynthesis, and metabolism and orthotopically transplanted into rats to determine the survival benefit. The FBLs with well-organized vascular structures exhibited endothelial barrier function, with reduced blood cell leakage. The implanted hBMSCs and hepatocyte cell line were well aligned in the parenchyma of the FBLs. The high levels of urea, albumin, and glycogen in the FBLs indicated biosynthesis and metabolism. Orthotopic transplantation of FBLs achieved a survival time of 81.38 ± 4.263 min in rats (n = 8) subjected to complete hepatectomy, whereas control animals (n = 4) died within 30 min (p < 0.001). After transplantation, CD90-positive hBMSCs and the albumin-positive hepatocyte cell line were scattered throughout the parenchyma, and blood cells were limited within the vascular lumen of the FBLs. In contrast, the parenchyma and vessels were filled with blood cells in the control grafts. Thus, orthotopic transplantation of whole DLS-based FBLs can effectively prolong the survival of rats subjected to complete hepatectomy. In summary, this work was the first to perform the orthotopic transplantation of FBLs, with limited survival benefits, which still has important value for the advancement of bioengineered livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Laboratory Animal Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dongyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Keke Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Genren Yang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jinjin Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lulu He
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hozeifa Mohamed Hassan
- Precision Medicine Center of Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Xi Liang
- Precision Medicine Center of Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Heng Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shiwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.,Precision Medicine Center of Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Medical School, Taizhou 318000, China
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Yu YD, Han JH, Jung SW, Kim DS. Safety and efficacy of peripheral nutrition fluid (MG-TNA®) in patients undergoing surgery for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease: Results of a phase 4 trial. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2019; 23:133-137. [PMID: 31225414 PMCID: PMC6558125 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2019.23.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims Essential nutritional support and nutrition therapy for patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases undergoing surgery is critical, as it may improve clinical outcome. How to implement rational fluid therapy and nutritional support after surgery and effectively protect organ function is crucial for postoperative recovery. The aim this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of peripheral nutrition fluid (MG-TNA®) in patients undergoing surgery for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease. Methods All adult patients undergoing surgery for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease received peripheral nutrition fluid (MG-TNA®) on the second postoperative day for 3 days. During administration of parenteral nutrition, patients were closely monitored for adverse effects (primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints included nutritional parameters such as serum prealbumin, transferrin, and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Results Thirty patients completed the study and were included in the full analysis set. There was no evidence of metabolic complications such as hyperglycemia, azotemia, hypertriglyceridemia, metabolic acidosis and hypokalemia. In addition, there were no adverse effects. There was a significant decrease in serum prealbumin and CK on the third postoperative day (p<0.0001). Although not statistically significant, serum transferrin levels tended to decrease (p=0.0519). Conclusions Administration of peripheral nutrition fluid (MG-TNA®) during postoperative period in patients undergoing surgery for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease proved to be safe with improvement of the nutritional state of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dong Yu
- Division of HBP Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Han
- Division of HBP Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Jung
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Paik Hospital, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Kim
- Division of HBP Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lim C, Compagnon P, Sebagh M, Salloum C, Calderaro J, Luciani A, Pascal G, Laurent A, Levesque E, Maggi U, Feray C, Cherqui D, Castaing D, Azoulay D. Hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 10 cm: preoperative risk stratification to prevent futile surgery. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:611-23. [PMID: 25980326 PMCID: PMC4474509 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Appropriate patient selection is important to achieving good outcomes and obviating futile surgery in patients with huge (≥10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors of futile outcomes, defined as death within 3 months of surgery or within 1 year from early recurrence following hepatectomy for huge HCC. METHODS The outcomes of 149 patients with huge HCCs who underwent resection during 1995-2012 were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify preoperative independent predictors of futility. RESULTS Independent predictors of 3-month mortality (18.1%) were: total bilirubin level >34 μmol/l [P = 0.0443; odds ratio (OR) 16.470]; platelet count of <150 000 cells/ml (P = 0.0098; OR 5.039), and the presence of portal vein tumour thrombosis (P = 0.0041; OR 5.138). The last of these was the sole independent predictor of 1-year recurrence-related mortality (17.2%). Rates of recurrence-related mortality at 3 months and 1 year were, respectively, 6.3% and 7.1% in patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A disease, 12.5% and 14% in patients with BCLC stage B disease, and 37.8% (P = 0.0002) and 75% (P = 0.0002) in patients with BCLC stage C disease. CONCLUSIONS According to the present data, among patients submitted to hepatectomy for huge HCC, those with a high bilirubin level, low platelet count and portal vein thrombosis are at higher risk for futile surgery. The presence of portal vein tumour thrombosis should be regarded as a relative contraindication to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana Lim
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 965, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherché Médicale (Inserm) (National Institute for Health and Medical Research)Paris, France
| | - Philippe Compagnon
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Mylène Sebagh
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire (Hepatobiliary Centre), AP-HP Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuif, France
| | - Chady Salloum
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Gérard Pascal
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Eric Levesque
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Umberto Maggi
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Cyrille Feray
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
| | - Daniel Cherqui
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire (Hepatobiliary Centre), AP-HP Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuif, France
| | - Denis Castaing
- Centre Hépato-Biliaire (Hepatobiliary Centre), AP-HP Hôpital Paul BrousseVillejuif, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique et Transplantation Hépatique (Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation), Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Hôpital Henri MondorCréteil, France,Unité 955, InsermCréteil, France
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