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Sivagurunathan S, Selvan LDN, Khan AA, Parameswaran S, Bhattacharjee H, Gogoi K, Gowda H, Keshava Prasad TS, Pandey A, Kumar SA, Rishi P, Rishi E, Ratra D, Bhende M, Janakiraman N, Biswas J, Krishnakumar S. Proteomics-based approach for differentiation of age-related macular degeneration sub-types. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:647-654. [PMID: 33595494 PMCID: PMC7942106 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_470_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of irreversible central vision loss in the elderly population. The current study aims to find non-invasive prognostic biomarkers in the urine specimens of the AMD patients. Methods: Peripheral blood and urine samples were collected from 23 controls and 61 AMD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buffy coat of peripheral blood. Allele specific PCR was used to assay SNPs in complement factor H (CFH), complement component 3 (C3). Comparative proteomic analysis of urine samples from early AMD, choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM), geographic atrophy (GA), and healthy controls was performed using isobaric labelling followed by mass spectrometry. Validation was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Comparative proteomic analysis of urine samples identified 751 proteins, of which 383 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in various groups of AMD patients. Gene ontology classification of differentially expressed proteins revealed the majority of them were involved in catalytic functions and binding activities. Pathway analysis showed cell adhesion molecule pathways (CAMs), Complement and coagulation cascades, to be significantly deregulated in AMD. Upon validation by ELISA, SERPINA-1 (Alpha1 antitrypsin), TIMP-1 (Tissue inhibitor of matrix metaloprotease-1), APOA-1 (Apolipoprotein A-1) were significantly over-expressed in AMD (n = 61) patients compared to controls (n = 23). A logistic model of APOA-1 in combination with CFH and C3 polymorphisms predicted the risk of developing AMD with 82% accuracy. Conclusion: This study gives us a preliminary data on non-invasive predictive biomarkers for AMD, which can be further validated in a large cohort and translated for diagnostic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Sivagurunathan
- L&T Opthalmic Pathology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya; Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Krishna Gogoi
- Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Beltola, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - S Ashok Kumar
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Pukhraj Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Ekta Rishi
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanashree Ratra
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Muna Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Narayanan Janakiraman
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- L&T Opthalmic Pathology, Vision Research Foundation; Department of Uvea, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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Winiarczyk M, Kaarniranta K, Winiarczyk S, Adaszek Ł, Winiarczyk D, Mackiewicz J. Tear film proteome in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1127-1139. [PMID: 29696386 PMCID: PMC5956098 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason for blindness in elderly people in the developed countries. Current screening protocols have limitations in detecting the early signs of retinal degeneration. Therefore, it would be desirable to find novel biomarkers for early detection of AMD. Development of novel biomarkers would help in the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of AMD. Proteomic analysis of tear film has shown promise in this research area. If an optimal set of biomarkers could be obtained from accessible body fluids, it would represent a reliable way to monitor disease progression and response to novel therapies. Methods Tear films were collected on Schirmer strips from a total of 22 patients (8 with wet AMD, 6 with dry AMD, and 8 control individuals). 2D electrophoresis was used to separate tear film proteins prior to their identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometer (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and matching with functional databases. Results A total of 342 proteins were identified. Most of them were previously described in various proteomic studies concerning AMD. Shootin-1, histatin-3, fidgetin-like protein 1, SRC kinase signaling inhibitor, Graves disease carrier protein, actin cytoplasmic 1, prolactin-inducible protein 1, and protein S100-A7A were upregulated in the tear film samples isolated from AMD patients and were not previously linked with this disease in any proteomic analysis. Conclusion The upregulated proteins supplement our current knowledge of AMD pathogenesis, providing evidence that certain specific proteins are expressed into the tear film in AMD. As far we are aware, this is the first study to have undertaken a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the human tear film proteome in AMD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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